Index
ISBN: 978-1-80382-216-7, eISBN: 978-1-80382-215-0
Publication date: 11 September 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Adae, E.K. (2023), "Index", CEOs on a Mission (Communicating Responsible Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-215-020231014
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Eric Kwame Adae. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Activism, 1
Activism by industry group representatives, 122–123
Activism by living by example, 123–124
Activism campaign tactics, 108
Activist CEOs, 50
Activists, 1
Advocacy, 23
groups, 1
Advocare, 23
Affirmative Action Policy (AAP), 8–9
Africa, 5–6
African Development Bank (AfDB), 8
African Holism, 12
African School of Thought in Leadership and Public Relations, 11–18
Africapitalism, 15, 18, 52–53, 73
examining Africapitalism as special motivation for CEO Activism, 78–84
home-grown pathway to Africa’s development, 74–78
motivated by, 58–59
Afrocentric philosophies, 52, 201
of sustainability, 12
Afrocentricity, 12
Akan Philosophy, 12, 174
Alliances, 21, 61–62
Apple, 128
Arrests, 151–152
Audience profiling, 188–190
Authenticity, 181–184
Awareness-creation and persuasion tactics, 113–118
Azorka Boys, The
, 98
Bantu Philosophy, 12, 174
Barilla, 23–24
Battle of the mind approach, 121
Big business, 2
Big-name CEOs, 2
Bilchiinsi, 12
#Black-Lives Matter, 49
Bluewashing, 41–42
Boundary-setting, importance of, 179
Brand activism (BA), 37, 42, 45
Brand Responsibility (BR), 4, 37, 42, 45
Business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good, 24–26
Business model, 107
Business Roundtable, 1
Business/workplace activism, 88–89, 91–92
Capitalism, 17–18
Caritas, 12, 14, 52–53
motivated by, 53–54
CEO Activism, 2, 4–5, 38, 45, 48, 66–67
alliances, 61–62
dissensus, 66
dissymmetry, 66
examining Africapitalism as special motivation for, 78–84
micropolitics, 61–62
organizational politics and, 62
postmodern biopower and, 60–61
postmodern communicology of, 30
process model of, 30–34
CEO Activism Development Model, 176, 200–201, 212, 215
highlights of findings, 202–212
implications for practice of CEO Activism, 217–221
limitations and research agenda, 216–217
policy implications, 215–216
theoretical lenses, 202
CEO Activism Effects, 127, 209–210
bitter-sweet effects, 128–129
on companies, 138–143
individual activist CEOs, 144–155
positive effects greater-good outcomes of CEO Activism for Ghanaian Society, 129–138
tonic consequences on companies, 138, 141, 143
CEO Activism Guidelines, 177–178, 199
audience profiling, 188–190
authenticity and truth-based activism, 181–184
buy-in of significant others, 194–195
community creation, 197–199
embed activism in corporate strategy and “Kitchen Cabinet”, 185–186
importance of boundary-setting, 179
importance of strategic issue selection and signature advocacy, 186–187
patriotism and genuine care, 180–181
purpose-driven activism, 190–194
research and power of performance-driven approach, 195–197
timing and following best practices, 184–185
CEO Activism Issues, 87
CEO Activism Issues/Causes, 205–207
corporate social advocacy and, 88–105
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
CEO Activism Motivations, 49
corporate values and common good, 50–51
examining, 50–52
examining alternate, 52–69
personal convictions, 50
polarized climate, 50
stakeholder expectations and ideological inclinations, 51–52
CEO Activism Safeguards, 159, 210, 212
activist CEOs, 161–173
best practice, 168–171
evolution of CEO Activism Development Model, 176
limitations, 175
study, 159–161
CEO Activism Tactics, 107, 207, 209
activist CEO tactical repertoire, 110–125
extant, 108–110
CEO Best-Practice Safeguards, 199
CEO Social-Mindedness, 217
CEO Sociopolitical Activism, 2
Chick-fil-A, 23–24
Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), 1, 37
business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good, 24–26
collecting and analyzing data, 26–28
corporate social advocacy, 23–24
current study, 5
dangerous opportunities in field, 4–5
data analysis, 28
data sources and data collection, 26–28
Ghanaian context, 5–11
inclusion criteria and sampling procedure, 26–27
mini profiles of study participants, 28
on mission to fight for greater good, 2–4
motivations, 34–36
postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
postmodern values in public relations, 18–23
process model of CEO activism, 30–34
research questions, 34–36
theoretical lenses, 11–18
Civil society organizations, 1
Communication-related safeguards, 172–173
Community creation, 197–199
Compassion-based worldview, 15
Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE), 24, 77
Conceptual framework, 30–34
Consciencism, 12, 174
Continuity, 45
Convention People’s Party (CPP), 7
Corporate activists, 20
Corporate chieftains, 2–3
Corporate executives, 18
Corporate Ghana, gender diversity in, 8–11
Corporate inauthenticity, CSR criticized as representing forms of, 41–42
Corporate involvement, 4
Corporate neutrality, 3–4
Corporate Political Activity (CPA), 37
Corporate Political Advocacy, 2, 52
Corporate Safeguards, 164–166
Corporate silence, 51
Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA), 2, 23–24, 37, 45, 48, 128, 160
business/workplace activism, 91–92
and CEO Activism Issues, 88–105
economic activism, 101–105
environmental activism, 90–91
legal activism, 100–101
multiple issues, 89–90
political activism, 97–100
sociocultural activism, 92–97
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), 2, 18, 37–38, 42, 74–75
criticized as representing forms of corporate inauthenticity, 41–42
Corporate Sociopolitical Involvement, 37–38
brand activism and brand responsibility, 42–45
corporate social advocacy and CEO activism, 45–48
corporate social responsibility and sustainability, 38–42
political corporate social responsibility, 42
Corporate strategy, 107
embed activism in, 185–186
Corporate values, 3
Corporations, 1, 3–4, 38, 87
Creativity, 22–23
Credibility, 45
DamNation campaign, 42
Data analysis, 28
Data collection, 26
Decision-making, 23, 62, 66
DEI, 61
Delta Force
, 98
Democratic dividends, 131–133
Democratic People’s Party (DPP), 7
Detentions, 151–152
Development, 8
Development paradox, 8
Difference, 10
Discursive model of institutionalization, 73
Disruption and protest tactics, 125, 208
Disruptive tactics, 109–110, 118, 121
Dissensus, 22–23, 66
Dissymmetry, 22–23, 66
Diversity, 3
Dumsor
, 96–97
Dumsor Must Stop
, 96–97
Economic activism, 101–105
Economic and Organized Crime Office (EOCO), 152
Economic brand activism, 88–89
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 6
Economic financial management, 135–136
Electoral Commission of Ghana, 131
Empowerment, 134–135
Environmental, social, and governance concerns (ESG concerns), 43, 88
Environmental activism, 90–91
Environmental brand activism, 88–89
Environmental stewardship, 130–131
Epilog, 221–222
Executive Women Network (EWN), 8, 25, 62, 77, 91, 150
ExxonMobil, 44
Facebook, 116
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 189
Ford, 23–24
Further research, 175
Galamsey
, 90, 131, 139–140
Gen Z, 3, 37
Gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Gender Equality Agenda, 129–130
Genuine care, 180–181
GEO Group, 44
Ghana Chamber of Bulk Oil Distributors (GCBOD), 77
Ghana Television (GTV), 114
Ghanaian context, 5–11
gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Ghana’s development paradox, 8
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
West African subregion, 5–6
Global capitalism, 76
Gold Coast, 6
Goldman Sachs, 44
Government of Ghana, 139
Greenwashing, 41
Harambee, 12, 174
Hawks, The
, 98
Heirs Holdings, 15, 73–74
Hierarchy of effects, 129
High-performing firms, 10–11
Howard Schultz, 2–4
Implications for practice, 202
Indications, 37–38
Individual activist CEOs, 144–155
tonic consequences on, 144–146
toxic consequences, 146–155
Industry group representatives, activism by, 122–123
Inequity, 75
Injustices, 1
Innovativeness, 22–23
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), 11
Institutional theory, 73
Institutionalization, 73
Integrity, 45
Intel, 2, 49
Intellectual activism, 121
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 9
Invincible Forces
, 98
Kayayei
, 130
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 195
Kitchen Cabinet, 185–186
Komenda Sugar Factory, 104
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
Kumepreko demonstration, 153
Legal activism, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms, 133–134
Legal brand activism, 88–89
Leveraging economic power, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ, 43
Liberalization of media landscape, 134–135
Liberation, 134–135
Limitations, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn, 116
Lloyd Blankfein, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy, 12
Maaticity, 54
Mark Zuckerberg, 49
Market strategy, 107
Media attacks, 146–151
Men CEOs, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT), 119–120
Micropolitics, 21, 61–62
Microsoft, 23–24
Millennials, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP), 9
Modernist perspective, 5, 52, 70
Motivations, 40
for CEO Activism, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Activism
, 1
Activism by industry group representatives
, 122–123
Activism by living by example
, 123–124
Activism campaign tactics
, 108
Activist CEOs
, 50
Activists
, 1
Advocacy
, 23
groups
, 1
Advocare
, 23
Affirmative Action Policy (AAP)
, 8–9
Africa
, 5–6
African Development Bank (AfDB)
, 8
African Holism
, 12
African School of Thought in Leadership and Public Relations
, 11–18
Africapitalism
, 15, 18, 52–53, 73
examining Africapitalism as special motivation for CEO Activism
, 78–84
home-grown pathway to Africa’s development
, 74–78
motivated by
, 58–59
Afrocentric philosophies
, 52, 201
of sustainability
, 12
Afrocentricity
, 12
Akan Philosophy
, 12, 174
Alliances
, 21, 61–62
Apple
, 128
Arrests
, 151–152
Audience profiling
, 188–190
Authenticity
, 181–184
Awareness-creation and persuasion tactics
, 113–118
Azorka Boys, The
, 98
Bantu Philosophy
, 12, 174
Barilla
, 23–24
Battle of the mind approach
, 121
Big business
, 2
Big-name CEOs
, 2
Bilchiinsi
, 12
#Black-Lives Matter
, 49
Bluewashing
, 41–42
Boundary-setting, importance of
, 179
Brand activism (BA)
, 37, 42, 45
Brand Responsibility (BR)
, 4, 37, 42, 45
Business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good
, 24–26
Business model
, 107
Business Roundtable
, 1
Business/workplace activism
, 88–89, 91–92
Capitalism, 17–18
Caritas, 12, 14, 52–53
motivated by, 53–54
CEO Activism, 2, 4–5, 38, 45, 48, 66–67
alliances, 61–62
dissensus, 66
dissymmetry, 66
examining Africapitalism as special motivation for, 78–84
micropolitics, 61–62
organizational politics and, 62
postmodern biopower and, 60–61
postmodern communicology of, 30
process model of, 30–34
CEO Activism Development Model, 176, 200–201, 212, 215
highlights of findings, 202–212
implications for practice of CEO Activism, 217–221
limitations and research agenda, 216–217
policy implications, 215–216
theoretical lenses, 202
CEO Activism Effects, 127, 209–210
bitter-sweet effects, 128–129
on companies, 138–143
individual activist CEOs, 144–155
positive effects greater-good outcomes of CEO Activism for Ghanaian Society, 129–138
tonic consequences on companies, 138, 141, 143
CEO Activism Guidelines, 177–178, 199
audience profiling, 188–190
authenticity and truth-based activism, 181–184
buy-in of significant others, 194–195
community creation, 197–199
embed activism in corporate strategy and “Kitchen Cabinet”, 185–186
importance of boundary-setting, 179
importance of strategic issue selection and signature advocacy, 186–187
patriotism and genuine care, 180–181
purpose-driven activism, 190–194
research and power of performance-driven approach, 195–197
timing and following best practices, 184–185
CEO Activism Issues, 87
CEO Activism Issues/Causes, 205–207
corporate social advocacy and, 88–105
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
CEO Activism Motivations, 49
corporate values and common good, 50–51
examining, 50–52
examining alternate, 52–69
personal convictions, 50
polarized climate, 50
stakeholder expectations and ideological inclinations, 51–52
CEO Activism Safeguards, 159, 210, 212
activist CEOs, 161–173
best practice, 168–171
evolution of CEO Activism Development Model, 176
limitations, 175
study, 159–161
CEO Activism Tactics, 107, 207, 209
activist CEO tactical repertoire, 110–125
extant, 108–110
CEO Best-Practice Safeguards, 199
CEO Social-Mindedness, 217
CEO Sociopolitical Activism, 2
Chick-fil-A, 23–24
Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), 1, 37
business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good, 24–26
collecting and analyzing data, 26–28
corporate social advocacy, 23–24
current study, 5
dangerous opportunities in field, 4–5
data analysis, 28
data sources and data collection, 26–28
Ghanaian context, 5–11
inclusion criteria and sampling procedure, 26–27
mini profiles of study participants, 28
on mission to fight for greater good, 2–4
motivations, 34–36
postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
postmodern values in public relations, 18–23
process model of CEO activism, 30–34
research questions, 34–36
theoretical lenses, 11–18
Civil society organizations, 1
Communication-related safeguards, 172–173
Community creation, 197–199
Compassion-based worldview, 15
Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE), 24, 77
Conceptual framework, 30–34
Consciencism, 12, 174
Continuity, 45
Convention People’s Party (CPP), 7
Corporate activists, 20
Corporate chieftains, 2–3
Corporate executives, 18
Corporate Ghana, gender diversity in, 8–11
Corporate inauthenticity, CSR criticized as representing forms of, 41–42
Corporate involvement, 4
Corporate neutrality, 3–4
Corporate Political Activity (CPA), 37
Corporate Political Advocacy, 2, 52
Corporate Safeguards, 164–166
Corporate silence, 51
Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA), 2, 23–24, 37, 45, 48, 128, 160
business/workplace activism, 91–92
and CEO Activism Issues, 88–105
economic activism, 101–105
environmental activism, 90–91
legal activism, 100–101
multiple issues, 89–90
political activism, 97–100
sociocultural activism, 92–97
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), 2, 18, 37–38, 42, 74–75
criticized as representing forms of corporate inauthenticity, 41–42
Corporate Sociopolitical Involvement, 37–38
brand activism and brand responsibility, 42–45
corporate social advocacy and CEO activism, 45–48
corporate social responsibility and sustainability, 38–42
political corporate social responsibility, 42
Corporate strategy, 107
embed activism in, 185–186
Corporate values, 3
Corporations, 1, 3–4, 38, 87
Creativity, 22–23
Credibility, 45
DamNation campaign, 42
Data analysis, 28
Data collection, 26
Decision-making, 23, 62, 66
DEI, 61
Delta Force
, 98
Democratic dividends, 131–133
Democratic People’s Party (DPP), 7
Detentions, 151–152
Development, 8
Development paradox, 8
Difference, 10
Discursive model of institutionalization, 73
Disruption and protest tactics, 125, 208
Disruptive tactics, 109–110, 118, 121
Dissensus, 22–23, 66
Dissymmetry, 22–23, 66
Diversity, 3
Dumsor
, 96–97
Dumsor Must Stop
, 96–97
Economic activism, 101–105
Economic and Organized Crime Office (EOCO), 152
Economic brand activism, 88–89
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 6
Economic financial management, 135–136
Electoral Commission of Ghana, 131
Empowerment, 134–135
Environmental, social, and governance concerns (ESG concerns), 43, 88
Environmental activism, 90–91
Environmental brand activism, 88–89
Environmental stewardship, 130–131
Epilog, 221–222
Executive Women Network (EWN), 8, 25, 62, 77, 91, 150
ExxonMobil, 44
Facebook, 116
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 189
Ford, 23–24
Further research, 175
Galamsey
, 90, 131, 139–140
Gen Z, 3, 37
Gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Gender Equality Agenda, 129–130
Genuine care, 180–181
GEO Group, 44
Ghana Chamber of Bulk Oil Distributors (GCBOD), 77
Ghana Television (GTV), 114
Ghanaian context, 5–11
gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Ghana’s development paradox, 8
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
West African subregion, 5–6
Global capitalism, 76
Gold Coast, 6
Goldman Sachs, 44
Government of Ghana, 139
Greenwashing, 41
Harambee, 12, 174
Hawks, The
, 98
Heirs Holdings, 15, 73–74
Hierarchy of effects, 129
High-performing firms, 10–11
Howard Schultz, 2–4
Implications for practice, 202
Indications, 37–38
Individual activist CEOs, 144–155
tonic consequences on, 144–146
toxic consequences, 146–155
Industry group representatives, activism by, 122–123
Inequity, 75
Injustices, 1
Innovativeness, 22–23
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), 11
Institutional theory, 73
Institutionalization, 73
Integrity, 45
Intel, 2, 49
Intellectual activism, 121
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 9
Invincible Forces
, 98
Kayayei
, 130
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 195
Kitchen Cabinet, 185–186
Komenda Sugar Factory, 104
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
Kumepreko demonstration, 153
Legal activism, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms, 133–134
Legal brand activism, 88–89
Leveraging economic power, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ, 43
Liberalization of media landscape, 134–135
Liberation, 134–135
Limitations, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn, 116
Lloyd Blankfein, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy, 12
Maaticity, 54
Mark Zuckerberg, 49
Market strategy, 107
Media attacks, 146–151
Men CEOs, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT), 119–120
Micropolitics, 21, 61–62
Microsoft, 23–24
Millennials, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP), 9
Modernist perspective, 5, 52, 70
Motivations, 40
for CEO Activism, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Capitalism
, 17–18
Caritas
, 12, 14, 52–53
motivated by
, 53–54
CEO Activism
, 2, 4–5, 38, 45, 48, 66–67
alliances
, 61–62
dissensus
, 66
dissymmetry
, 66
examining Africapitalism as special motivation for
, 78–84
micropolitics
, 61–62
organizational politics and
, 62
postmodern biopower and
, 60–61
postmodern communicology of
, 30
process model of
, 30–34
CEO Activism Development Model
, 176, 200–201, 212, 215
highlights of findings
, 202–212
implications for practice of CEO Activism
, 217–221
limitations and research agenda
, 216–217
policy implications
, 215–216
theoretical lenses
, 202
CEO Activism Effects
, 127, 209–210
bitter-sweet effects
, 128–129
on companies
, 138–143
individual activist CEOs
, 144–155
positive effects greater-good outcomes of CEO Activism for Ghanaian Society
, 129–138
tonic consequences on companies
, 138, 141, 143
CEO Activism Guidelines
, 177–178, 199
audience profiling
, 188–190
authenticity and truth-based activism
, 181–184
buy-in of significant others
, 194–195
community creation
, 197–199
embed activism in corporate strategy and “Kitchen Cabinet”
, 185–186
importance of boundary-setting
, 179
importance of strategic issue selection and signature advocacy
, 186–187
patriotism and genuine care
, 180–181
purpose-driven activism
, 190–194
research and power of performance-driven approach
, 195–197
timing and following best practices
, 184–185
CEO Activism Issues
, 87
CEO Activism Issues/Causes
, 205–207
corporate social advocacy and
, 88–105
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters
, 87–88
CEO Activism Motivations
, 49
corporate values and common good
, 50–51
examining
, 50–52
examining alternate
, 52–69
personal convictions
, 50
polarized climate
, 50
stakeholder expectations and ideological inclinations
, 51–52
CEO Activism Safeguards
, 159, 210, 212
activist CEOs
, 161–173
best practice
, 168–171
evolution of CEO Activism Development Model
, 176
limitations
, 175
study
, 159–161
CEO Activism Tactics
, 107, 207, 209
activist CEO tactical repertoire
, 110–125
extant
, 108–110
CEO Best-Practice Safeguards
, 199
CEO Social-Mindedness
, 217
CEO Sociopolitical Activism
, 2
Chick-fil-A
, 23–24
Chief Executive Officers (CEOs)
, 1, 37
business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good
, 24–26
collecting and analyzing data
, 26–28
corporate social advocacy
, 23–24
current study
, 5
dangerous opportunities in field
, 4–5
data analysis
, 28
data sources and data collection
, 26–28
Ghanaian context
, 5–11
inclusion criteria and sampling procedure
, 26–27
mini profiles of study participants
, 28
on mission to fight for greater good
, 2–4
motivations
, 34–36
postmodern communicology of CEO activism
, 30
postmodern values in public relations
, 18–23
process model of CEO activism
, 30–34
research questions
, 34–36
theoretical lenses
, 11–18
Civil society organizations
, 1
Communication-related safeguards
, 172–173
Community creation
, 197–199
Compassion-based worldview
, 15
Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE)
, 24, 77
Conceptual framework
, 30–34
Consciencism
, 12, 174
Continuity
, 45
Convention People’s Party (CPP)
, 7
Corporate activists
, 20
Corporate chieftains
, 2–3
Corporate executives
, 18
Corporate Ghana, gender diversity in
, 8–11
Corporate inauthenticity, CSR criticized as representing forms of
, 41–42
Corporate involvement
, 4
Corporate neutrality
, 3–4
Corporate Political Activity (CPA)
, 37
Corporate Political Advocacy
, 2, 52
Corporate Safeguards
, 164–166
Corporate silence
, 51
Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA)
, 2, 23–24, 37, 45, 48, 128, 160
business/workplace activism
, 91–92
and CEO Activism Issues
, 88–105
economic activism
, 101–105
environmental activism
, 90–91
legal activism
, 100–101
multiple issues
, 89–90
political activism
, 97–100
sociocultural activism
, 92–97
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
, 2, 18, 37–38, 42, 74–75
criticized as representing forms of corporate inauthenticity
, 41–42
Corporate Sociopolitical Involvement
, 37–38
brand activism and brand responsibility
, 42–45
corporate social advocacy and CEO activism
, 45–48
corporate social responsibility and sustainability
, 38–42
political corporate social responsibility
, 42
Corporate strategy
, 107
embed activism in
, 185–186
Corporate values
, 3
Corporations
, 1, 3–4, 38, 87
Creativity
, 22–23
Credibility
, 45
DamNation campaign
, 42
Data analysis
, 28
Data collection
, 26
Decision-making
, 23, 62, 66
DEI
, 61
Delta Force
, 98
Democratic dividends
, 131–133
Democratic People’s Party (DPP)
, 7
Detentions
, 151–152
Development
, 8
Development paradox
, 8
Difference
, 10
Discursive model of institutionalization
, 73
Disruption and protest tactics
, 125, 208
Disruptive tactics
, 109–110, 118, 121
Dissensus
, 22–23, 66
Dissymmetry
, 22–23, 66
Diversity
, 3
Dumsor
, 96–97
Dumsor Must Stop
, 96–97
Economic activism, 101–105
Economic and Organized Crime Office (EOCO), 152
Economic brand activism, 88–89
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 6
Economic financial management, 135–136
Electoral Commission of Ghana, 131
Empowerment, 134–135
Environmental, social, and governance concerns (ESG concerns), 43, 88
Environmental activism, 90–91
Environmental brand activism, 88–89
Environmental stewardship, 130–131
Epilog, 221–222
Executive Women Network (EWN), 8, 25, 62, 77, 91, 150
ExxonMobil, 44
Facebook, 116
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 189
Ford, 23–24
Further research, 175
Galamsey
, 90, 131, 139–140
Gen Z, 3, 37
Gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Gender Equality Agenda, 129–130
Genuine care, 180–181
GEO Group, 44
Ghana Chamber of Bulk Oil Distributors (GCBOD), 77
Ghana Television (GTV), 114
Ghanaian context, 5–11
gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Ghana’s development paradox, 8
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
West African subregion, 5–6
Global capitalism, 76
Gold Coast, 6
Goldman Sachs, 44
Government of Ghana, 139
Greenwashing, 41
Harambee, 12, 174
Hawks, The
, 98
Heirs Holdings, 15, 73–74
Hierarchy of effects, 129
High-performing firms, 10–11
Howard Schultz, 2–4
Implications for practice, 202
Indications, 37–38
Individual activist CEOs, 144–155
tonic consequences on, 144–146
toxic consequences, 146–155
Industry group representatives, activism by, 122–123
Inequity, 75
Injustices, 1
Innovativeness, 22–23
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), 11
Institutional theory, 73
Institutionalization, 73
Integrity, 45
Intel, 2, 49
Intellectual activism, 121
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 9
Invincible Forces
, 98
Kayayei
, 130
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 195
Kitchen Cabinet, 185–186
Komenda Sugar Factory, 104
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
Kumepreko demonstration, 153
Legal activism, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms, 133–134
Legal brand activism, 88–89
Leveraging economic power, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ, 43
Liberalization of media landscape, 134–135
Liberation, 134–135
Limitations, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn, 116
Lloyd Blankfein, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy, 12
Maaticity, 54
Mark Zuckerberg, 49
Market strategy, 107
Media attacks, 146–151
Men CEOs, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT), 119–120
Micropolitics, 21, 61–62
Microsoft, 23–24
Millennials, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP), 9
Modernist perspective, 5, 52, 70
Motivations, 40
for CEO Activism, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Economic activism
, 101–105
Economic and Organized Crime Office (EOCO)
, 152
Economic brand activism
, 88–89
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
, 6
Economic financial management
, 135–136
Electoral Commission of Ghana
, 131
Empowerment
, 134–135
Environmental, social, and governance concerns (ESG concerns)
, 43, 88
Environmental activism
, 90–91
Environmental brand activism
, 88–89
Environmental stewardship
, 130–131
Epilog
, 221–222
Executive Women Network (EWN)
, 8, 25, 62, 77, 91, 150
ExxonMobil
, 44
Facebook
, 116
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
, 189
Ford
, 23–24
Further research
, 175
Galamsey
, 90, 131, 139–140
Gen Z, 3, 37
Gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Gender Equality Agenda, 129–130
Genuine care, 180–181
GEO Group, 44
Ghana Chamber of Bulk Oil Distributors (GCBOD), 77
Ghana Television (GTV), 114
Ghanaian context, 5–11
gender diversity in corporate Ghana, 8–11
Ghana’s development paradox, 8
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
West African subregion, 5–6
Global capitalism, 76
Gold Coast, 6
Goldman Sachs, 44
Government of Ghana, 139
Greenwashing, 41
Harambee, 12, 174
Hawks, The
, 98
Heirs Holdings, 15, 73–74
Hierarchy of effects, 129
High-performing firms, 10–11
Howard Schultz, 2–4
Implications for practice, 202
Indications, 37–38
Individual activist CEOs, 144–155
tonic consequences on, 144–146
toxic consequences, 146–155
Industry group representatives, activism by, 122–123
Inequity, 75
Injustices, 1
Innovativeness, 22–23
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), 11
Institutional theory, 73
Institutionalization, 73
Integrity, 45
Intel, 2, 49
Intellectual activism, 121
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 9
Invincible Forces
, 98
Kayayei
, 130
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 195
Kitchen Cabinet, 185–186
Komenda Sugar Factory, 104
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
Kumepreko demonstration, 153
Legal activism, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms, 133–134
Legal brand activism, 88–89
Leveraging economic power, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ, 43
Liberalization of media landscape, 134–135
Liberation, 134–135
Limitations, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn, 116
Lloyd Blankfein, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy, 12
Maaticity, 54
Mark Zuckerberg, 49
Market strategy, 107
Media attacks, 146–151
Men CEOs, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT), 119–120
Micropolitics, 21, 61–62
Microsoft, 23–24
Millennials, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP), 9
Modernist perspective, 5, 52, 70
Motivations, 40
for CEO Activism, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Galamsey
, 90, 131, 139–140
Gen Z
, 3, 37
Gender diversity in corporate Ghana
, 8–11
Gender Equality Agenda
, 129–130
Genuine care
, 180–181
GEO Group
, 44
Ghana Chamber of Bulk Oil Distributors (GCBOD)
, 77
Ghana Television (GTV)
, 114
Ghanaian context
, 5–11
gender diversity in corporate Ghana
, 8–11
Ghana’s development paradox
, 8
Republic of Ghana
, 6–8
social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs
, 11
West African subregion
, 5–6
Global capitalism
, 76
Gold Coast
, 6
Goldman Sachs
, 44
Government of Ghana
, 139
Greenwashing
, 41
Harambee
, 12, 174
Hawks, The
, 98
Heirs Holdings
, 15, 73–74
Hierarchy of effects
, 129
High-performing firms
, 10–11
Howard Schultz
, 2–4
Implications for practice, 202
Indications, 37–38
Individual activist CEOs, 144–155
tonic consequences on, 144–146
toxic consequences, 146–155
Industry group representatives, activism by, 122–123
Inequity, 75
Injustices, 1
Innovativeness, 22–23
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), 11
Institutional theory, 73
Institutionalization, 73
Integrity, 45
Intel, 2, 49
Intellectual activism, 121
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 9
Invincible Forces
, 98
Kayayei
, 130
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 195
Kitchen Cabinet, 185–186
Komenda Sugar Factory, 104
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters, 87–88
Kumepreko demonstration, 153
Legal activism, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms, 133–134
Legal brand activism, 88–89
Leveraging economic power, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ, 43
Liberalization of media landscape, 134–135
Liberation, 134–135
Limitations, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn, 116
Lloyd Blankfein, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy, 12
Maaticity, 54
Mark Zuckerberg, 49
Market strategy, 107
Media attacks, 146–151
Men CEOs, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT), 119–120
Micropolitics, 21, 61–62
Microsoft, 23–24
Millennials, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP), 9
Modernist perspective, 5, 52, 70
Motivations, 40
for CEO Activism, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Implications for practice
, 202
Indications
, 37–38
Individual activist CEOs
, 144–155
tonic consequences on
, 144–146
toxic consequences
, 146–155
Industry group representatives, activism by
, 122–123
Inequity
, 75
Injustices
, 1
Innovativeness
, 22–23
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA)
, 11
Institutional theory
, 73
Institutionalization
, 73
Integrity
, 45
Intel
, 2, 49
Intellectual activism
, 121
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
, 9
Invincible Forces
, 98
Kayayei
, 130
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
, 195
Kitchen Cabinet
, 185–186
Komenda Sugar Factory
, 104
Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters
, 87–88
Kumepreko demonstration
, 153
Legal activism, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms, 133–134
Legal brand activism, 88–89
Leveraging economic power, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ, 43
Liberalization of media landscape, 134–135
Liberation, 134–135
Limitations, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn, 116
Lloyd Blankfein, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy, 12
Maaticity, 54
Mark Zuckerberg, 49
Market strategy, 107
Media attacks, 146–151
Men CEOs, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT), 119–120
Micropolitics, 21, 61–62
Microsoft, 23–24
Millennials, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP), 9
Modernist perspective, 5, 52, 70
Motivations, 40
for CEO Activism, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Legal activism
, 100–101, 121–122
Legal and public policy reforms
, 133–134
Legal brand activism
, 88–89
Leveraging economic power
, 109, 111, 113
LGBTQ
, 43
Liberalization of media landscape
, 134–135
Liberation
, 134–135
Limitations
, 175, 216–217
LinkedIn
, 116
Lloyd Blankfein
, 2–3, 38, 109
Local ethics
, 23, 62, 66
Ma’at
, 200
Ma’atic Philosophy
, 12
Maaticity
, 54
Mark Zuckerberg
, 49
Market strategy
, 107
Media attacks
, 146–151
Men CEOs
, 4–5
Metro Mass Transit (MMT)
, 119–120
Micropolitics
, 21, 61–62
Microsoft
, 23–24
Millennials
, 37, 128
Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP)
, 9
Modernist perspective
, 5, 52, 70
Motivations
, 40
for CEO Activism
, 202, 205–206
Multiple stakeholder perspectives
, 12, 15, 35, 50
Multiple stakeholders
, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166
Naming, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC), 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP), 9
National Media Commission (NMC), 152
National Rifle Association (NRA), 43
Negritude, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs, 187
Nestle, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP), 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU), 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 1
Nonmarket strategy, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome), 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program), 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM), 89, 132–133
Organizational politics, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Naming
, 122
National Democratic Congress (NDC)
, 7, 90, 103, 151
National Gender Policy (NGP)
, 9
National Media Commission (NMC)
, 152
National Rifle Association (NRA)
, 43
Negritude
, 12, 174
Neophyte activist CEOs
, 187
Nestle
, 44
New Patriotic Party (NPP)
, 7, 103, 153
New York University (NYU)
, 196
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
, 1
Nonmarket strategy
, 107
#OccupyFlagstaffHouse
, 96
Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome)
, 154
One District One Factory program (1D1F program)
, 137, 139, 182
One Ghana Movement (OGM)
, 89, 132–133
Organizational politics
, 20–21, 62
Pandora, 49
Patriotism, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 7
People’s National Convention (PNC), 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by, 68–69
Personal Safeguards, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by, 55–57
Persuasive tactics, 109
Phillip Morris International, 44
Physical attacks, 146–151
Pinkwashing, 41
Policy implications, 175
Political activism, 97–100
Political brand activism, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR), 37, 42
Political leaders, 49
Political polarization, 3–4
Politicians, 1
Postmodern, 5
Postmodern biopower, 22
and CEO activism, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism, 30
Postmodern philosophy, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by, 59–66
in public relations, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations, 50
Profiting, 185
Progressive brand activism, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP), 7
Public financial management, 135–136
Public opinion, 136–138
Public relations, 14
postmodern values in, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), 12–13
Purpose-driven activism, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy, 27
Qualitative methods, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Pandora
, 49
Patriotism
, 180–181
People’s Democratic Party (PDP)
, 7
People’s National Convention (PNC)
, 7
Performance-driven approach, research and power of
, 195–197
Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by
, 68–69
Personal Safeguards
, 166–168
Personal values and beliefs, motivated by
, 55–57
Persuasive tactics
, 109
Phillip Morris International
, 44
Physical attacks
, 146–151
Pinkwashing
, 41
Policy implications
, 175
Political activism
, 97–100
Political brand activism
, 88–89
Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR)
, 37, 42
Political leaders
, 49
Political polarization
, 3–4
Politicians
, 1
Postmodern
, 5
Postmodern biopower
, 22
and CEO activism
, 60–61
Postmodern communicology of CEO activism
, 30
Postmodern philosophy
, 20
Postmodern values
motivated by
, 59–66
in public relations
, 18, 23, 52
Postmodernism
, 18, 201
Process Model of CEO Activism
, 30–34
Profit-pursuing corporations
, 50
Profiting
, 185
Progressive brand activism
, 43
Progressive Peoples Party (PPP)
, 7
Public financial management
, 135–136
Public opinion
, 136–138
Public relations
, 14
postmodern values in
, 18–23
Public Relations for Social Responsibility
, 11, 202
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)
, 12–13
Purpose-driven activism
, 190–194
Purposive sampling strategy
, 27
Qualitative methods
, 26
Race Together campaign, 4
Raising awareness, 109
Regressive Brand Activism, 43
Religious liberty, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana, 6–8
Research Questions, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA), 10
Return on equity (ROE), 10
Salesforce, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy, 12, 174
Sense of harmony, 81–82
Sense of parity, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity, 78–79
Shaming, 122
Shareholder primacy, 1, 201
Shell, 44
Signature advocacy, 186–187
Situational ethics, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling, 27
Social brand activism, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for, 67–68
Social inclusion, 3
Social justice, 12, 43
Social media tactics, 108
Social movements, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs, 11
Social responsibility, 14, 39
Social Safeguards, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism, 92–97
Sociopolitical, 23
Sociopolitical issues, 87
Sociopolitical matters, 87
Spiritual safeguards, 163–164
Square, 49
Stakeholders, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The, 25
Starbucks, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs), 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM), 2, 46
Strategy, 107
STX Housing agreement, 103
Support tactics, 124–125
Supportive tactics, 109
Sustainability, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions, 207
Symbolism, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Race Together campaign
, 4
Raising awareness
, 109
Regressive Brand Activism
, 43
Religious liberty
, 2, 49
Republic of Ghana
, 6–8
Research Questions
, 34–36
Responsible Management in Emerging Markets
, 11, 202
Return on assets (ROA)
, 10
Return on equity (ROE)
, 10
Salesforce
, 2, 50–51
Same-sex couples
, 2, 49
Same-sex marriage
, 2–3, 46
Sankofa Philosophy
, 12, 174
Sense of harmony
, 81–82
Sense of parity
, 79–81
Sense of place and belonging
, 82–84
Sense of progress and prosperity
, 78–79
Shaming
, 122
Shareholder primacy
, 1, 201
Shell
, 44
Signature advocacy
, 186–187
Situational ethics
, 23, 62, 66
Snowball sampling
, 27
Social brand activism
, 88–89
Social change, motivated by desire for
, 67–68
Social inclusion
, 3
Social justice
, 12, 43
Social media tactics
, 108
Social movements
, 108
Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs
, 11
Social responsibility
, 14, 39
Social Safeguards
, 161–163
Sociocultural Activism
, 92–97
Sociopolitical
, 23
Sociopolitical issues
, 87
Sociopolitical matters
, 87
Spiritual safeguards
, 163–164
Square
, 49
Stakeholders
, 3, 17
Stand-Point, The
, 25
Starbucks
, 23–24
State-owned enterprises (SOEs)
, 10
Strategic issue selection, importance of
, 186–187
Strategic Issues Management (SIM)
, 2, 46
Strategy
, 107
STX Housing agreement
, 103
Support tactics
, 124–125
Supportive tactics
, 109
Sustainability
, 4, 37–38, 40–42
Sustainability transitions
, 207
Symbolism
, 45
Tactics, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), 136
Theoretical lenses, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook, 49
Timing and following best practices, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF), 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies, 37
Transcorp, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL), 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism, 181–184
Twitter, 49, 116
Typology, 33
Ubuntu, 14–15, 52–53
influence, 54–55
philosophy, 75
values, 75
Ubuntuism, 14
Ujamaa, 12, 174
Unilever, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA), 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Tactics
, 107–108
Tax Identification Numbers (TIN)
, 136
Theoretical lenses
, 11, 18, 202
Tim Cook
, 49
Timing and following best practices
, 184–185
Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF)
, 15, 73–74
Topophilia
, 17, 76
Traditional brand positioning strategies
, 37
Transcorp
, 15, 73–74
Triple Bottom Line (TBL)
, 4, 37–38
Truth-based activism
, 181–184
Twitter
, 49, 116
Typology
, 33
Ubuntu
, 14–15, 52–53
influence
, 54–55
philosophy
, 75
values
, 75
Ubuntuism
, 14
Ujamaa
, 12, 174
Unilever
, 2, 49
United Bank for Africa (UBA)
, 15, 73–74
Veolia, 44
Verbal attacks, 146–151
West African subregion, 5–6
Western cultural bias, 5
WhatsApp, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing, 42
Women CEOs, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB), 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana), 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana), 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Veolia
, 44
Verbal attacks
, 146–151
West African subregion
, 5–6
Western cultural bias
, 5
WhatsApp
, 116
#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest
, 131–132, 135
Wokewashing
, 42
Women CEOs
, 4–5
Women in Broadcasting (WIB)
, 25, 77
Women in Energy
, 130
Women in Media (Ghana)
, 25, 77
Women in Public Relations (Ghana)
, 25, 77
Yoruba Epistemology, 12
Yoruba Epistemology
, 12
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Introduction: Reimagining CEO Activism, Development, and Difference
- Chapter 2 Doing Well to Do Good: A Quick Map of the Field of Corporate Sociopolitical Involvement
- Chapter 3 This Is Why We Do It: Examining CEO Activism Motivations
- Chapter 4 Walking the Talk: Africapitalism as a Major Motivation for CEO Activism
- Chapter 5 This Is What We Fight for: Examining CEO Activism Issues
- Chapter 6 This Is How We Do It: Examining CEO Activism Tactics
- Chapter 7 Counting the Costs and Reaping the Dividends: Examining CEO Activism Effects
- Chapter 8 Taking Cover: Examining CEO Activism Safeguards
- Chapter 9 Profiting From Experience: Examining CEO Activism Guidelines
- Chapter 10 Conclusion: The CEO Activism Development Model
- References
- Index