Index
ISBN: 978-1-80117-331-5, eISBN: 978-1-80117-330-8
Publication date: 20 July 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2022), "Index", Cairns-Lee, H., Lawley, J. and Tosey, P. (Ed.) Clean Language Interviewing, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-330-820221020
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Heather Cairns-Lee, James Lawley and Paul Tosey. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Acquiescence effect
, 19
Action research
, 6, 11, 13, 14, 155–166, 168, 176
Adaptation (of CLI)
, 11, 224, 233
Adjacency
, 145, 150–151
Anthropology
, 118
Applicant attribution-reaction theory (AART)
, 103, 110
Assumption(s)
, 6, 8, 18, 19, 31, 34, 38–40, 73, 76, 77, 81, 82, 98, 110, 140, 145, 149, 159, 163, 199, 215, 223, 227, 228, 230
hidden
, 38, 39
interviewer’s/researcher’s
, 4, 7, 9, 11, 27, 28, 36, 39, 56, 72, 78, 81–85, 151, 152, 215, 222, 223, 228
Attention
interviewee’s
, 7, 18, 35, 49, 51, 77, 80, 81, 84–86, 133, 136, 139, 150, 151, 164, 211, 214, 226, 229, 232
interviewer’s
, 18, 19, 23, 35, 78, 98, 136, 139, 160, 222, 226
Attributes (category of classically clean questions)
, 9, 53, 223
Auditing processes
, 180–182
Authenticity
, 10, 18, 19, 63, 77, 193
of data
, 18
of research
, 18
Authority (of the interviewer)
, 19, 164
Authorship of data
, 17–18, 20, 22, 23, 26–28, 50, 211, 231
Autism
, 102, 105, 119
Autogenic metaphor
, 35, 46
Backtracking
, 54, 55, 93, 160, 164
Behavioural change
, 156, 163
Behavioural groups
, 193, 194, 200
Behavioural models
, 5
Benefits of CLI
, 8, 99, 188, 189, 214, 229–233
Bias(es)
, 12, 19, 33, 103, 104, 107, 111, 198, 201, 202, 210, 231
in assessment protocols
, 103
cognitive
, 38
on data
, 7, 38
implicit
, 103, 104, 109, 111
interviewer
, 7, 56
in questions
, 135
Blending
, 32
Body map
, 122–126, 128, 129, 228
Bracketing
, 8, 18, 28, 145, 149, 207, 222, 228
‘bracket’ assumptions
, 18, 28, 145, 149, 207
Business culture
, 180
Business processes
, 184
Capable model
, 127, 128
Cause and risk analysis
, 180, 181
Cause evaluation
, 206
Chronic disease
, 121
Classically clean questions
, 8, 9, 23, 26, 52, 72, 82, 83, 126, 134, 146, 149, 195, 211, 212, 215, 223, 226, 228, 230
Clean analysis
, 72–73
Clean language (origins of)
, 4–5
Clean language interviewing (CLI)
benefits
, 8, 99, 188, 189, 214, 229–233
challenge of cleanly introducing pre-determined interview topic
, 71–72
challenges for CLI interviewer
, 70
contextualisation
, 224–226
deciding salience
, 151
directions for future research
, 233
eliciting metaphor with
, 77–78, 83–85, 233
ethical practice and
, 11–13
ethics of using clean language for research
, 69–70
guiding frameworks
, 222–226
hidden skills of
, 145–151
interviewee’s experience of
, 35, 47, 85, 92–95, 193
interviewer’s experience of
, 95–97, 193
interview improvements using
, 214
learning about using clean language for interviewing
, 68–73
levels of application
, 73
limitations for interviewee
, 229
limitations for interviewer
, 229–230
as modelling
, 11, 13, 45–57, 73, 131–140, 166, 224, 233
with neurodiverse groups
, 111–112
observations on clean language interviewing process
, 80–82
in serious injury or fatality investigations
, 14, 206, 207, 210–211, 215
themes arising from Part II
, 13, 104, 110, 226–229
visual imagery in
, 227–228
Clean language questions
, 8–10, 27, 35, 38–40, 46, 49–52, 55, 72, 76, 78, 81, 84, 126, 136, 144, 157, 164, 168–170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 194, 197, 207, 211–212, 214, 215, 222–223, 226–230
translating
, 228–229
Cleanness rating
, 13, 22–28, 39, 71, 76, 82–84, 86, 106, 223–224, 230, 232, 233
applied to interview transcript
, 24–26
Clean repeat/recap
, 23, 26, 51, 82–84, 134
Closed question(s)
, 9, 19, 206
Coding data
, 39, 82, 83, 147–153, 212
Coding-in-the-moment
, 14, 143–153
Cognitive linguistics
, 31, 32, 34, 50
Cognitive load (on interviewee)
, 49, 51, 148, 151, 153, 231
Coherent research strategy based on clean principles
, 10, 86, 224
Compassion
, 122–124, 128
Confirmability
, 18, 19
Conflict resolution
, 4, 168–170, 175
Constructivist
, 38
Content-free codes
, 147–149, 152, 153
Contextualisation (of CLI)
, 224–226
Contextually clean (question)
, 23, 24, 36, 52, 54, 72, 78, 82, 83, 105, 106, 134, 145, 170, 195, 198, 199, 202, 211, 212, 215, 230
Delivery (of clean questions)
, 150
Design (phase of research)
, 18, 27, 65, 127, 144, 150, 194
Desired outcome
, 109, 147, 148, 157–159, 163, 165, 169, 170, 172, 183
Direct(ing) attention
, 4, 8, 19, 23, 84, 86, 133, 136, 176
Disability
, 102, 109, 110
invisible
, 102
Diversity and inclusion
, 103, 104, 111
Dravet syndrome
, 119–121, 128
Drawing(s)
, 19, 22, 27, 64, 69, 75–86, 107, 162, 175, 185, 227, 228, 231
Eliciting attributes
, 199–200
Eliciting metaphor
, 35, 77––80, 83–85, 86, 198, 233
Eliciting values
, 198
Embodied cognition
, 5
Embodied metaphor
, 32, 34
Emotions, accessing
, 36
Entailments
, 21, 33
Epistemology, epistemological
, 6, 27, 38, 84
Epoché
, 8, 18, 224, 231
Ethics of/ethical standards for interviewing
, 64, 229
Evaluation (feature of leading questions)
, 19
Exemplar
, 46, 47, 51, 109, 133, 140
Explicitation
, 46
Explicit description
, 48, 49
Fatality interviews/investigations
, 207, 208, 210–211
Focus group(s)
, 105–108, 110, 111, 127, 180, 192, 194, 195, 202, 226
Follow-up interviews
, 64–66, 68–70
Frame (set by a question)
, 19
Framing
linguistic
, 33
metaphorical
, 32–35
Grounded theory
, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 152, 153
Groupthink
, 156, 158, 159, 163–165
Grove, David
, 4, 5, 8, 34, 46, 82, 146, 149, 161, 171, 223
Images, imagery
, 35, 80–82, 84, 85, 95, 146, 156, 158, 161, 166, 192, 194, 198, 226–228
Implicit bias
, 103, 104, 109, 111
Implicit relationships
, 48, 49
Inclusion
, 103, 104, 111
In-depth interview(s)
, 11, 12, 194
Inference
, 51, 72, 145, 147–150
Influence
interviewer’s
, 7, 8, 18, 27, 28, 163, 166, 202
of metaphor
, 5, 32–34, 38–40, 146
Inner world (of interviewee)
, 7, 12, 63–64, 81, 84, 85, 222, 229, 231
Interpretation
, 5, 39, 72, 73, 78, 108, 109, 124, 135, 139, 146, 148–150, 160, 177, 209, 210, 212, 214, 215, 230
Interpreter
, 170–173, 177, 229
Intervention (by interviewer)
, 17, 19, 22, 26, 27, 79–83
Interviewee’s experience (of CLI)
, 35, 47, 85, 92–95, 193
Interviewer-interviewee relationship/partnership
, 21, 34, 35, 81, 93, 99, 210
Interviewer’s experience (of CLI)
, 95–97, 193
Interviewing methods
, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 208
Interview, protocol(s)
, 22, 27, 33, 230
pick-list
, 208–209, 211–212
Introduced content
, 19, 20, 22–24
Introspection
, 36, 38, 49, 51, 55, 229
guided/guiding
, 7, 48
ISO 9000
, 179, 180
Journalistic interviews/interviewing
, 90, 94, 95, 98, 99
Laddering
, 193, 198, 199
Leadership development
, 76–78, 224
Leading question(s)
, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17–28, 34, 39, 56, 75, 82, 84, 187, 207–212, 214, 215, 224, 228
mildly leading
, 23, 26, 82, 83, 105, 106, 138, 212–214
strongly leading
, 23–27, 34, 39, 82, 83, 224
Levels of CLI
, 9–11, 224, 230
Lifeworld (interviewee’s)
, 10, 11, 13, 18, 23, 27, 80, 223
Limitations of CLI
, 72, 229–233
Location (category of classically clean questions)
, 9, 171
Logic (of interviewee’s data, metaphors)
, 23, 24, 36, 72, 160, 222, 223
Logically clean question
, 23
Logical presupposition
, 21, 25, 56
Management systems auditing (MSA)
, 179–189
Market research
, 4, 14, 35, 191–202, 228
Means-End Theory
, 193, 194
Mental model(s)
, 7, 46–48, 51, 75–86, 136, 140, 145, 160, 227, 231
Metaphor(s)
category of classically clean questions
, 9
continua of characteristics
, 37
deliberate-spontaneous
, 40
descriptive-transformative
, 40
embodied
, 32, 34
force
, 50
of space, spatial
, 35, 50, 81, 85, 149
stable-variable
, 40
theories of
, 5, 13, 31, 39
visual
, 13, 79, 193, 198, 201
Metaphor elicitation
, 10, 13, 31, 35, 63, 73, 77––80, 83–85, 132, 191, 196, 198, 233
Metaphor landscape
, 46, 66, 69
Metaphorical framing (effect)
, 32–35
Metaphoric structuring
, 50
Methodological transparency
, 28
Micro-phenomenology
, 46
Model
, 10, 14, 34, 36, 46–48, 50–52, 55, 127–129, 132–134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 145–150, 157, 160, 161, 163, 164, 175, 182, 183, 186, 200, 215, 233
Modelling
excellence
, 131–140
as a methodology
, 46, 56, 183, 188
phases of
, 127, 128
real-time
, 48–51, 231, 233
symbolic
, 45, 46, 50–51, 57, 132, 182
systemic
, 132, 143, 164
Modelling shared reality (MSR)
, 156–158, 164–166
Narrative
, 47, 57, 90, 97, 102, 128, 137, 158, 208, 210, 211, 214
Neurodifferent, neurodivergent, neurodiverse (ND)
, 13, 14, 102–105, 107–112, 132
Neurominority
, 102, 105
Neurotypical (NT)
, 102–105, 107, 109–112
Neutrality (in conflict through CLI)
, 167–177
Nondirective method (Rogerian)
, 4, 11, 12, 91
Ontological collapse
, 121–122, 128
Open question(s)
, 9, 19, 26, 71, 93, 98, 106, 121, 124, 134, 152, 187, 206
Organisational change
, 156, 165, 166, 202, 226
Pace (of question delivery)
, 70, 94, 98, 99, 160
Paraphrasing
, 4, 26, 72, 78, 83, 84, 149
Parcelling out (a sentence)
, 145, 146, 152
Participatory action research
, 168, 176
Perceptual reality/experience (interviewee’s)
, 7, 12, 34
Performance improvement
, 132
Phenomenology/phenomenological research
, 7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 63, 224
Pictures
, 35, 135, 136, 156, 180, 196, 198, 202, 231
Power balance/relations (in the interview)
, 12, 93, 94
Presupposition
, 19–25, 28, 33, 34, 36, 71, 107, 209
logical
, 25
structural
, 21, 56
Psychological safety
, 133
Psychometrics
, 76, 103–105, 107–112
Psychotherapy
, 4–6, 11, 46, 64, 69, 70, 72, 121
Qualitative
interview
, 10, 33, 48
phases of research
, 34, 38–40
research
, 6, 18, 19, 21, 27, 31–40, 48, 153, 193
Quality assurance
, 179, 182
Question-Behaviour Effect (QBE)
, 202
Questioning technique (CLI as a)
, 10, 13, 70, 73, 222, 224, 230
Questionnaire
, 104, 107
Questions
classically clean
, 8, 9, 23, 26, 52, 72, 82, 83, 134, 146, 149, 195, 211, 212, 215, 223, 226, 228, 230
clean
, 8–10, 27, 35, 38–40, 46, 49–52, 55, 72, 76, 78, 81, 84, 126, 136, 144, 157, 164, 168–170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 194, 197, 207, 211–212, 214, 215, 222–223, 226–230
closed
, 9, 19, 206
contextually clean
, 23, 24, 36, 52, 54, 72, 78, 82, 83, 105, 106, 134, 145, 170, 195, 198, 199, 202, 211, 212, 215, 230
leading
, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17–28, 34, 39, 56, 82, 84, 187, 207–212, 214, 215, 224, 228
logically clean
, 23
mildly leading
, 23, 26, 82, 83, 105, 106, 138, 212–214
open
, 9, 19, 26, 71, 93, 98, 106, 121, 124, 134, 152, 187, 206
strongly leading
, 23–27, 34, 39, 82, 83, 224
topically clean
, 23
Rapport
, 7, 46, 90, 97, 98, 104, 150, 186, 201, 207, 211, 232
Recruitment (and selection)
, 103
Reflection(s)
, 13, 26, 38, 39, 54, 65, 71, 84, 85, 90, 91, 111, 143, 144, 153, 165, 222, 223, 227, 230
Reflexivity (category of classically clean questions)
, 9
Reflexivity (researcher)
, 27, 28, 38, 86
Relationship (category of classically clean questions)
, 9
Research interviewing
, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 35, 39, 48, 50, 56, 64, 69, 70, 72, 73, 192, 224, 229
Root cause analysis (RCA)
, 14, 206–210, 214, 215
Safety (of interviewee)
, 206, 211, 215
Scaling
, 68
Schema
, 19, 51, 146, 149, 152, 161
Self-model(ling)
, 46, 51, 53, 56, 139, 231
Semantic primes
, 8, 49, 223
Semi-structured interviews
, 10, 39, 159, 207, 230
Sensitive issues (interviewing about)
, 12
Sequence (category of classically clean questions)
, 9, 49
Serious injury/fatality investigations
, 14, 206–208, 210–215
Set-up
, 64, 157–159, 173
Situational judgement test (SIT)
, 103
Social learning theory (Albert Bandura)
, 45
Socially constructed norms
, 13, 111
Source (category of classically clean questions)
, 9
Structural mapping
, 31
Suggestibility
, 19, 211
Survey
, 104–107, 223
Symbolic landscape
, 125
Symbolic modelling
, 45, 46, 50–51, 57, 132, 182
Syntax (of clean questions)
, 20, 25, 49, 81, 165
Systemic modelling
, 132, 143, 164
Tacit knowledge
, 37, 48, 49, 55, 56, 77, 193, 199, 227, 231
Talent assessment tool
, 103–104
Test design
, 107, 111
Theories of research interviewing
, 7, 8
Tone of voice, curiosity
, 214
Training (in CLI)
, 38, 95, 183, 189, 206, 207, 209, 211–215, 230
Training (of interviewers)
, 38, 207, 211–214
Transcribing
, 39, 65, 78, 134, 147, 194, 207
Translation (of CLI questions)
, 126, 188, 228
Trust
, 79, 80, 99, 158, 161, 170–172, 175, 196, 197, 211, 232
Trustworthiness
, 28, 38, 39
Universal constructs
, 23
Value-strings process
, 14, 193–198, 200–202
Visual imagery
, 192, 226–228
Visual metaphors
, 75, 79, 191, 193, 196, 198, 201
Vulnerable (interviewees, groups)
, 6, 12, 13, 34, 64, 208
Witnesses (interviewing)
, 98, 206, 207, 211–214
Work-life balance
, 6, 36, 47, 63–73
Yamagami-Small (YS) process
, 183–186, 188, 189
- Prelims
- Part 1 Principles
- Chapter 1 An Introduction to Clean Language Interviewing for Research
- Chapter 2 Eliciting Interview Data Cleanly Through Minimising Leading Questions
- Chapter 3 Metaphor, Clean Language and Qualitative Research
- Chapter 4 Enhancing Clean Language Interviewing With Modelling
- Part 2 Applications
- Chapter 5 Exploring Experiences of Work-Life Balance: A Pilot Study of Clean Language as an Interview Method
- Chapter 6 Drawing Lessons Learned From Mental Models of Leadership
- Chapter 7 The Potential of Clean Language Interviewing for Journalists
- Chapter 8 Using Clean Language Interviewing to Explore the Lived Experience of Neurodifferent Job Applicants
- Chapter 9 Making the Unspoken Visible Through Clean Language: Interviews With Families Facing Encephalopathy in Their Child
- Chapter 10 Modelling Excellence: Using Clean Language Interviewing to Research Exceptional Performance
- Chapter 11 Coding-in-the-Moment and Other Hidden Skills of Clean Language Interviewing
- Chapter 12 Facilitating Change in Organisations: Applying Clean Language Interviewing Through Action Research
- Chapter 13 Clean Neutrality in Conflict
- Chapter 14 Clean Language Interviewing in Management Systems Auditing
- Chapter 15 Adding Value and Insight: Applying Clean Language Interviewing to Market Research
- Chapter 16 Interviewing for Cause: When Interviewing Is About Life and Death
- Part 3 Reflections
- Chapter 17 And, Whereabouts Is Clean Language Interviewing Now?
- Index