Abolish secret diplomacy

, 29–30

Accommodation

, 216–217

Adversarial design

, 6–7

Affordance

, 8–9

for governing

, 151–154

in practice

, 62–63

theory

, 62–63

Agonism

democratic theories of

, 53

of resistance

, 194–195

Agonists

, 193

Al Jazeera Investigations (AJI)

, 119, 122

Alipay

, 161

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

, 136

Angell, Norman

, 34

AnonLeaks

, 134–135, 194–195

AnonLeaks. org

, 136, 140, 145–146

Apparatus

, 2, 8–9, 15, 22–23, 46

elements to

, 147–151

Icelandic Constitutional Council as Transparency

, 178–181

Apple–Google

API

, 205

disclosure architecture

, 215–216

Application programming interfaces (APIs)

, 203

Apps

, 203

Arcana imperii in democracy

, 26

Arendt, Hannah

, 48–49, 169–170, 188, 191–192, 198–199, 214–215

Assange, Julian

, 1, 16, 23, 71, 73–75, 77–78, 82–84, 139

Audience

, 107

Autonomist

, 59–61

affordances

, 79–81

democratic politics

, 59

of transparency

, 213–214

Autonomist-Marxists

of digital age

, 53–54

instance

, 60–61

of transparency

, 54

Bahama Leaks (2016)

, 146, 153

Bank of America (BOA)

, 145

Bell Hooks

, 48–49

Big data

analysis

, 63

journalism

, 96

BlackNet

, 74

Bolshevik politics

, 34

Brass Crosby

, 1, 23, 25, 161–162

Brighenti, Andrea

, 11, 17, 47–48, 62, 79, 127, 169–170, 185, 191–192, 195, 198–200

Brin, David

, 47–49

Bureaucratic inertia

, 194

Cabledrum

, 111–112

Cablegate

, 96–97, 99

Cablesearch. org

, 110

Cammaerts, Bart

, 50–51, 213–214

Canonical transparency-governance scholars

, 12

Carceral process

, 1

CBC

, 148

China Cables (2019)

, 146

China Leaks (2014)

, 146, 153

Chronicle

, 4

Citizenfour

, 121

Citizens’ Agenda of OurSay. org

, 170–178

Citizens’ Agenda project in Australia

, 167, 169–170

Classical liberalism

, 46

ClearView AI

, 16, 134, 154, 161, 217–218

Coercive disclosure

, 100–101

Collaborative leaking journalism, designing

, 146–154

Collateral Murder

, 86–87, 91

Collateralmurder.com

, 86, 88

Communication

, 10–11

Communicative capacities

, 12–13

Community engagement

, 169, 172–173

Community-driven actions

, 196–197

Conduct of conduct

, 9–11, 47, 50–51, 55–56, 127–128, 134, 178, 208–209

Conduire des conduites

, 10

Conspiracy as governance

, 73

Constraints of apparatus design

, 15–16

Contractual leaks, designing

, 90–98

Control of/with

, 17, 48–49, 56, 169, 201, 216–217

Corporate actors

, 2

Counterpublic mechanisms of transparency

, 75

COVID apps

, 160, 205–207

COVID-19 pandemic

, 134, 215–216

Creative Commons (CC)

, 117

CrowdLeaks

, 139

Crowdsource

, 26

Cry of Blood

, 82–83

Cryptography

, 21

Cryptome

, 74

Cultures of radical transparency

, 131–132, 154, 161

Dahlberg, Lincoln

, 12–13, 50–51, 53, 59, 78–80, 213–214

DDoS attacks

, 137–138

DDoSecrets.com

, 133–134

Decentering

, 195, 198, 203, 206, 208

Decentralised media technologies

, 1

Decentres technologies of government

, 191–192

Defensive face

, 47

Deformed transparency

, 71–72

Deliberate acts of openness

, 4

Deliberative paradigms

, 62

Deliberative transparency

, 55–56, 213–214

Democracy

, 51, 8–9, 194–195, 216, 219

digital

, 51–53

paradigms

, 50–51

and transparency

, 53

‘DemocracyOS’ application

, 217–218

Democratic affordances of apparatus

, 80

Democratic agency of disclosure

, 4–5

Democratic capacities

, 12–13

Democratic legitimacy

, 6

Democratic paradigms

, 152–153

Democratic practices

, 78–79

of transparency

, 1–2

Democratic theories of agonism

, 53

Democratic transparency

, 12

Design

, 98–101

Digital democracy

, 51–53

Digital disclosure

, 9

Digital leaks sites

, 98–99

Digital media

, 3, 21, 55, 63

second-order affordances

, 63

transparency in

, 213–214

Digital technologies

, 11, 59–60

Digital transformations

, 100–101

Dignities

, 197–198

Disclosure

, 191

Disruption

, 216–217

Distributed Denial of Secrets

, 133

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

, 133–134

Dominator model of social organisation

, 48–49

Dutiful citizens

, 51

e-citizenship models

, 51

Editorialising leaks, designing

, 86–90

Epidemiology

, 215–216

‘Epistemic shift’ of sovereignty

, 101

Equality of tolerance

, 214–215

Equity provisions

, 169–170

Exposure Notifications

, 159–160

Facebook

, 132–133

False information

, 100

Federal Security Service (FSB)

, 99

Feminist partnership model

, 198–199

Feminist theory

, 198–199

FinCEN Files

, 146

‘First generation’ transparency

, 54–55

Flyverbom, Mikkel

, 10–11, 13, 47, 50, 63–64, 176–177

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)

, 59–60

Free-speech ISP in Australia

, 73–74

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

, 2, 25

Freedom of information/access laws

, 2

Full and destructive revolution

, 61

Fung, Archon

, 4, 12, 47, 54–56, 89, 102, 150, 198–199, 206

Geolocation Information Systems

, 7

Gitmo Files

, 98–99

Global economic liberalisation

, 6

Global Intelligence Files

, 98–99

Global positioning system (GPS)

, 203

GlobaLeaks

, 217–218

Google-Apple API

, 159–160

Governance by leaking

, 73–74

Government centralising sites

, 121

Governmentality

, 22–23, 72, 107

Greenpeace

, 124

Grid-group dimensions

, 49

Griggs et al.

, 4–5, 15, 17, 22–23, 46, 80, 127, 195, 199, 214–215

Guardian, The

, 96

Hacker-based transparency

, 191

Hacking to leak

, 136–146

Hansard, Luke

, 1–2, 4–5, 22–23, 25–26, 35, 40, 206, 215–216

HBGary

, 141–142

Health Code

, 161

The Herald

, 34, 36

Horizontal transparency

, 48–49

Hydrants

, 58

Hyle

, 10, 46, 64

Icelandic Constitutional Council (CC)

, 178, 183, 196–197, 217–218

material transparency practice of governing

, 181–183

as transparency apparatus

, 178–181

Icelandic National Broadcasting Service

, 83–84

Icesave Landsbanki bank

, 83–84

Implant Files (2018)

, 146

Information asymmetries

, 173

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs)

, 5, 57, 64

(In)forming publics with transparency

clearview AI

, 154–161

hacking to leak or leaking to hack

, 136–146

ICIJ

, 146–154

leaks proto-institution apparatuses

, 135

public health and other cultures of radical transparency

, 154–161

qurious twist to anonymous disclosure

, 154–161

Insider transparency

, 4–5

Institutional governance

, 195

Intellectual property rights

, 24

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)

, 16, 131–132, 146, 150, 154, 191, 194–195, 217

affordances for governing

, 151–154

elements to apparatus

, 147–151

International Medical Device Database

, 153

Internet

, 21

Internet-enabled digital disclosure mechanisms

, 25

Involuntary transparency

, 4

Justice Mapping Center

, 7

Kenyan National Commission of Human Rights (KNCHR)

, 82–83

Kill Secrets

, 3

Kingara, Oscar Kamau

, 82–83

Kissinger Cables

, 99

Kroll Report

, 82–83

Leadnow. ca’s (re)generation Campaign

, 183–188

material transparency as technologies of government

, 186–188

transparency apparatus

, 183–184

League of Nations

, 39

Leaking to hack

, 136–146

Leaks-as-a-service

, 123, 126, 217–218

Lenin

, 2, 29–30, 33, 40, 61, 195–196

Liberal

individualist of transparency

, 75

paradigm

, 53–55, 62, 152–153

transparency

, 213–214

Liberalism

, 27

Lippman, Walter

, 10–11, 32, 46–47, 50–51, 200

LiveLeak

, 59

LOIC

, 138

London Evening Post

, 25

Lulz

, 143, 145–146

Luxembourg Leaks (2014)

, 146

Managing visibility

, 13–14, 17, 60, 113–114, 182, 213–214

Manchester Guardian

, 35

Marxist

, 61

democracy paradigms

, 22–23

design of transparency

, 213–214

paradigms

, 62

Material histories of radical transparency

history of radical transparency

, 41

radical markets of liberal transparency offering ‘revelation to regulation’

, 23–28

radical transparency as material rationalisation and reform

, 34–39

Soviet Russia, radical revulsion transparently revolutionises

, 28–33

Material rationalisation, radical transparency as

, 34–39

Material transparency practice of governing

, 181–183

Material-political practice

, 13

Materiality of transparency practice

, 15

Media. See also Digital media

, 12–13

materialise transparency practices

, 62–65

rights vis-a-vis democratic theory

, 50–51

Mediation

, 3

of information

, 12

Military Grid Reference System

, 91

Million Dollar Blocks project

, 6–7

Mimics

, 118

Monthly Active Users (MAUs)

, 158–159

Morphe

, 10, 46, 64

Multiplicity

, 126–127

Nascent capitalism

, 24

National security

, 218

Neo(liberal) of transparency

, 213–214

Networked cryptography

, 3

Neutral transmitters of content

, 12

New digital disclosure apparatuses

, 215–216

News media

, 172–173

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 124

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)

, 203

Offshore Leaks (2013)

, 153

Open diplomacy

, 4–5, 29, 31–32, 196–197

reforms

, 22

Open governance of diplomacy

, 33

Open utopia of technophilic law

, 57

Openness

, 58–59

Operation Avenge Assange

, 137–138

Operation Leakspin

, 138

Operation Payback

, 137–138

Organisational-communication transparency scholarship

, 13

OurSay

model

, 173

process of transparency

, 196–197

‘OurSay. org, Citizens’ Agenda of

, 170–178

OurSay Winning Questions

, 175–176

OurSay’s materialisation of governing through transparency

, 177–178

Pamphleteers

, 1–2

Panama Papers (2015)

, 153

Pandemics

, 215–216

Panoptic control

, 201–202

Paradise Leaks (2017)

, 146, 153

Paris Peace Conference

, 32

Participatory democracy

, 169

Pathogens

, 215–216

Pirate sphere

, 24

Pizzagate conspiracy

, 155

Pluralism

, 194–195

functioning in democracy

, 45

‘Pluralist’ typology

, 194–195

Plurality

, 126–127

Policing

, 194–195

Political

, 25–26

design

, 6–7

irreducibility

, 47

paradigms of transparency

, 53

potentialities

, 214–215

science street

, 12

transparency typology

, 53

Political dimension

, 3

of radical transparency

, 6

Politics

, 6–7, 194–195

Position

, 3

Post-foundational democratic agonism

, 191–192

Post-foundational democratic theory

, 15, 45, 191–192

Post-foundational framework

, 216–217

Potentially Alarming Research: Anonymous Intelligence Agency (Par:AnoIA)

, 134, 143–146

Power

over

, 48–49

with

, 48–49

assumptions of

, 214–215

of control

, 198–202

of control with

, 198–202

Practices of freedom

, 195, 214–215

Practices of governance

, 195

Pre-WikiLeaks

, 108–109

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

, 119

Printer's case

, 25–27

Privacy

, 159–160

Private informational capital

, 60

Productive ambiguity

, 193

Project KTM: Consolidated Report

, 82–83

Propaganda counteroffensive

, 31–32

Propertied minority

, 29–30

Proto-institutions

, 13, 62, 134, 136, 214–215

of decentralised journalism

, 151

Proximity

, 159–160

Public diplomacy

, 31, 83

paradigm of WikiLeaks

, 85

Public health

, 154–161

Public secrets

, 131–132

Public-propagandising leaks, designing

, 81–86

Publicly available information (PAI)

, 157–158

QAnon

, 131–132, 155

Quantitative patterns of votes

, 174

Quasi-conspiratorial PAI resources

, 158–159

Qurious twist to anonymous disclosure

, 154–161

Radical actions

, 191

Radical blocks

, 114

Radical disclosure

, 167–169

Radical markets of liberal transparency

, 23–28

Radical roots and inchoate demands

, 192–198

radical practices and visibilities

, 197

visibility, control and government

, 196

Radical transparency. See also Transparency

, 1, 3, 8, 13, 17, 21–22, 72, 191–194, 213, 215

Citizens’ Agenda of OurSay. org

, 170–178

cultures of

, 131–132

Icelandic Constitutional Council

, 178–183

inverted radical transparency apparatuses

, 167–168

Leadnow. ca’s (re)generation Campaign

, 183–188

as material rationalisation and reform

, 34–39

matters to democracy

, 8–14

of open source software

, 59–60

Rationalisation to reform

, 35–37

Rationalities

, 39, 46, 213

Recenters technologies of government

, 191–192

Regimes of practice

, 46

Respondent post-foundational democratic theory

, 22–23

Responsive agonism

, 194

Revelation to regulation

, 23–28

Revolution by revulsion

, 33

Revolutionary-democratic culture

, 29–30

Rhizome

, 107

Robo-debt

, 205

Schudson

, 120–121, 169–170, 174, 184

Second-generation transparency

, 55

Second-order analysis

, 214–215

Secret Treaties

, 28, 35

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

, 119

SecureDrop

, 124, 217

Self-actualising citizens

, 51

Sifry, Micah

, 3, 12, 48–49, 57, 75, 199

Snowden effect

, 125–126

Social network analysis (SNA)

, 114, 149

Social–technological contexts

, 22

Socio-material reality of people

, 62–63

Socio-political–technological contexts

, 24

Socio-technical media apparatuses

, 10

Socio-technological account of transparency

, 10–11

Socio-technological apparatuses

, 1–2, 45

Soviet Russia

leaks design

, 98–101

radical revulsion transparently revolutionises

, 28–33

Spatial Information Design Lab

, 7

Spring-breakers

, 158–159

Spy Files

, 98–99

Strategic communication

, 82

Surveillance

, 4–5, 47–48, 115–116, 157–158

Swiss Leaks (2015)

, 146, 153

Sykes–Picot correspondence

, 30–31

Syria Files

, 98–99

Systematic accounting of leaks sites

centralise leaks

, 118–123

intersite relations

, 113–117

leaks as a service

, 123–126

mimics

, 118

social network of leaks sites

, 116

themes

, 117–126

Tax-averse actors

, 151

Techno-collective mentality

, 57–58

Techno-idealism

, 12–13

Techno-realism

, 12–13

Technologies

government

, 2, 8–9, 23, 39, 46

Leadnow’s material transparency as

, 186–188

street

, 12

Techo-collective

, 57–59

Tectonix

, 157–159

Telekommunist Manifesto

, 59–60

The Internet Archive (TIA)

, 114–115

Þetta reddast!

, 167

power of

, 178–183

3D printing

, 59–60

Track-and-trace approaches

, 16

Tragic process

, 46

Transparency

, 6–9, 11, 13, 21–23, 27, 45, 47, 50, 58–59, 167, 169, 213

apparatus

, 149, 215

autonomist

, 59–61

deliberative

, 55–56

democratic practices of

, 1–2

in digital media

, 213–214

discrete and conceptually independent paradigms

, 61–62

hues

, 54

information

, 5

international

, 4

liberal

, 54–55

Marxist

, 61

materialises

, 22

media materialise transparency practices

, 62–65

mediated, autonomist and techno-collaborative turns

, 56–61

multiple politics of

, 47–48

OurSay’s materialisation of governing through

, 177–178

political capacity

, 7–8

power of

, 2

prism of transparency makes practice of political visible

, 46–62

regimes

, 45

techo-collective

, 57–59

transparency in(forms) government theory and practice

, 9–14

transparency-governance scholars

, 57

typology

, 53–56

Triangulation

, 97

Uniform resource locator (URL)

, 107

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

, 4

Utmost severity

, 24

Venture communism

, 60–61

Visibilities of control

, 11, 47, 157, 206

Visibilities of recognition

, 11, 56, 214–216

Voluntary disclosures

, 4

War logs

, 91, 96, 150–151

WeChat

, 161

West Africa Leaks (2018)

, 146

WikiLeaks

, 3, 21, 71, 107, 132, 193, 217

after

, 107–109

autonomist affordances

, 79–81

birth, multiplicity and death for leaks sites

, 126–128

decentralised communication networks

, 8–9

designing

, 75–81

designing contractual leaks

, 90–98

designing editorialising leaks

, 86–90

designing public-propagandising leaks

, 81–86

First Derivatives

, 109–113

model

, 16, 98, 107

phases

, 76

portals

, 77

pre-WikiLeaks

, 108–109

Soviet Russia, leaks design

, 98–101

systematic accounting of leaks sites and intersite relations

, 113–117

systematic accounting of leaks sites’ themes

, 117–126

tracking digital design multiplicity

, 109–113

war logs

, 92–94

Wiki, Ergo, Leaks

, 73–75

WikiLeaks-cum-public diplomacy apparatus

, 84

Wilson, Woodrow

, 22, 29, 31–33, 37–38, 55–56

WorldStar

, 59

x-mode

, 157–159

YouTube

, 59

Zimmerman telegram

, 31