Index

Citation

Herrmann, A. and Jungwirth, J. (2022), "Index", Inventing Mobility for All: Mastering Mobility-as-a-Service with Self-Driving Vehicles, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-176-820221040

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited

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INDEX

Accidents

, 25–27, 267–269

AdBlue

, 29

Advertising

, 143

Agriculture

, 45, 175

Air pollution

, 7, 22, 27–29, 33, 58, 153, 232–234, 261

Air traffic

, 204

Aisin

, 143

Alexa

, 207–208

All-terrain vehicles

, 29

Amazon

, 85, 101, 105, 142, 162, 215, 287

capitalisation

, 262

in mobility-as-a-service

, 163

in mobility market

, 217–218

American Middle Class

, 19–20

American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE)

, 35–36

Ant-colony algorithms

, 89

Apple

, 101, 142–143, 215, 218, 262

Apple’s CarPlay

, 225

Apps

, 108, 129

design

, 134–136

navigating mobility landscape with

, 129–134

or steering wheel

, 136–138

Aptiv

, 140

Archetypes

, 245–247

Arrival

, 161

Artificial intelligence technologies (AI technologies)

, 93, 139, 160, 197

Asia

, 63–64

Aurora

, 53, 140, 174

Australia

, 63–64

Automakers

, 41–42, 81–82, 84–85, 97–101, 105, 140–141, 205–206, 208, 215–219, 223–224, 262

Automobile

, 19–20, 37–38

industry

, 288

Automotive industry

, 40, 82, 178, 214–215, 222–223, 260, 262, 283–284

Autonomous driving

, 86–87, 89–90, 157

basic idea

, 90–92

control unit

, 92–94

digital maps

, 94–95

planning

, 95–96

sensors

, 92

Autonomous mobility

, 157

Autonomous shuttles

, 63, 141, 159, 164, 177, 224, 253, 255, 271

Baby boomer generation

, 289

Battery cells

, 99

Battery-as-a-Service options

, 192

BBC

, 85

Bedrock

, 74

Bestmile

, 141

Bicycles

, 74, 93, 122, 129–131, 137, 230, 238–241

Bike-sharing

, 137

Bird

, 74, 144, 237–238

BlaBlaCar

, 125–126

Boaz Bikes

, 74

Boston Consulting Group

, 112, 245

Braess’ paradox

, 39, 65, 108

Buses

, 8–10, 14, 18, 117, 122–124, 133

’Business as usual’ transportation policy

, 56

Business models

, 173–176

change requires effort

, 213–216

ecosystem

, 222–226

on road in pods and shuttles

, 219–222

viewpoint

, 216–219

BYD

, 99

C40

, 68–69

Cameras

, 92–93

Car(s), 37–40, 55–58, 122, 205–206 (see also Autonomous driving)

car-centric cities

, 246, 252

car-free zones

, 67

licence auctions

, 236

rental

, 100, 119, 129–130, 133, 141–142

sharing

, 101, 108–111, 125, 130, 214

Carbon dioxide emissions

, 28–29, 98, 269

Carvolution

, 114

CATL

, 99

Central hubs

, 154

Change drivers

, 85–87

Chicago, workers in

, 12–13

Children and traffic

, 58–59

China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

, 281

Cities

, 45, 59–60, 64, 107, 245

Asia and Australia

, 63–64

bursting at seams

, 48–52

C40

, 68–69

car-free zones

, 67–68

councils

, 151

as engines of progress

, 52–53

Europe

, 61–63

North America

, 64–67

planners

, 64

of play

, 127

from rural to urban

, 45–48

of speed

, 127

Vision Zero

, 68

CityMapper

, 131, 142

CityMobil

, 158

CleverShuttle

, 108

Clyde

, 214

CNN

, 85

Coffs Harbour in Australia’s New South Wales

, 177

Combustion

, 270

Commuters

in New York

, 11–12

shopping in autonomous pod

, 172

traffic

, 64–65

Congestion

, 265–267

Connected automotive world

, 101–105

Continental

, 81, 140, 143

Control unit

, 92–94

Conventional automotive engineering

, 216

Convertibles

, 141

CountryCab

, 77

COVID-19 pandemic

, 137, 179–180, 216, 229, 231, 233–234, 236, 277, 282

Crash industry

, 33, 222

Culdesac

, 65

Customer experience

, 210, 241

Daegu’s Smart City initiative

, 235

Delivery services

, 162–165

Density

, 230

Denso

, 81, 143

Detroit market

, 74, 87

Didi

, 86–87, 109–110, 142–143, 179, 217–218

Digital maps

, 94–95

Disability

, 8, 275

Distance, vehicle

, 266

Driverless pods

, 158

Driverless vehicles

, 157, 160–161, 176–179, 267, 270

Driving

, 149

E-bikes

, 72, 84, 131, 144, 149, 151, 153, 239–240, 247, 250, 252

E-scooters

, 62, 74, 131, 144, 149, 151, 153, 237, 240, 247, 250, 252

EasyMile

, 160

Ecosystem

, 222–226

Electric mobility

, 96, 98, 100, 105

Electric motor

, 97–99

Electric vehicles

advent of

, 100

autonomous driving in

, 83

charging station for

, 62, 222, 235

development, production, and marketing of

, 98

measuring electromagnetic radiation levels in

, 105

registrations

, 98

SUVs in

, 98

eMaaS

, 132

Emissions

, 27–29, 269–270

Environmental model

, 92–93, 95

Europe

, 61–63

European Green Deal

, 138

Experience time

, 198–199

Facebook

, 101, 214, 262

Federal-Aid Highway Act

, 38

Finnish city of Helsinki

, 62

Fleet management

, 84, 141

Food

delivery service

, 162

transport

, 159

Ford

, 19–20, 143, 164

Ford, Henry

, 19, 81–85, 97, 139, 213

Fraunhofer Society

, 261

Free-floating approach

, 109

Freedom of movement

, 9, 290

Futurama City model

, 39

German Road Traffic Ordinance

, 204

Gett

, 2174

2GetThere

, 160

Global Mobility Service

, 143

GM

, 143, 169

Google

, 13, 53, 85, 94, 101, 132, 142, 175, 208, 215, 218, 262, 287

Google’s Android Auto

, 225

GoogleMaps

, 132

Grab

, 86–87, 132, 143

Green Class

, 155–156

Greenhouse gas emissions

, 28, 68

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 16, 33–34, 48, 60, 68, 111, 217, 282

Ground-level streets

, 64

Hamburg

, 132

Helsinki

, 129, 232–233

HERE

, 94

HereMobility

, 132

High-density metropolises

, 247

Hopes

, 185–187

HUB CHAIN in Germany

, 73

Hubs

, 154–156

Human–machine interface

, 206–207, 210

Hyundai Motor Group

, 179

i-Cristal self-driving vehicle

, 160

iMove

, 131

Incentives

, 243–245, 286–287

Inclusive mobility

, 279–280

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 171, 224

Innovative approaches

, 210–211

Inrix Global Traffic Scorecard

, 25

Intel

, 140, 173–174

Interior design of self-driving pods and shuttles

, 211

Intermodal transportation

, 150

IoMob

, 131

Itaquaquecetuba

, 17

ITNAmerica

, 73

Jelbi app

, 131, 239

Jobs and prosperity

, 259

mobility

, 262–263

stakes

, 259–261

Johnson Controls

, 143

Joy

, 21–22

Juicar

, 214

Justride

, 131

Katy Freeway

, 64–65

Kayasehir

, 73

Land use

, 30–32

LG Chem

, 99

Licences

, 241

Lidar

, 92–93, 283

Light rail vehicles (LRVs)

, 150

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

, 205

Like2drive

, 214

Lime

, 74, 144, 237–238

Los Angeles

, 18, 68

greenhouse gas emissions in

, 28

metropolitan region

, 72

public transportation in

, 51

traffic jams in

, 23

Luminar

, 140

Lyft

, 74, 86, 109–110, 135, 217, 241, 276

MaaS4EU

, 131

Machine learning

, 93, 139, 195

Machines

, 206–208

Made in China 2025

, 281

Magna

, 81, 143

Mapping

, 96

Marina Grove Retirement Village in Toormina

, 177

Marine traffic

, 204

Masdar City

, 64

Melbourne

, 64

Mercedes

, 143

Metropolitan regions

, 52

Mexico City

, 13–16

Michelin

, 143

Micro-mobility

, 28, 35, 83, 134, 144, 150, 153, 230, 236–240

Migration to megacities

, 49

MinRejseplan app

, 131

15-minute city

, 231–233

Mobileye

, 93, 122, 140, 160, 164, 173–174, 178, 224

Mobility

, 3–8, 11–20, 35, 117, 262–263, 275–277, 285, 289–290

city changes gear

, 278–279

concept

, 145–147

cost

, 33–35

criticism

, 6

designed for people

, 286

as form of social interaction

, 204–205

fundamental rethinking

, 5

hubs

, 154–156

as human right

, 8–10

idea of developing

, 77

inclusive mobility

, 279–280

platforms

, 108, 141–142

revolution

, 285

services

, 117, 141

sufficient

, 76

system

, 65

well-functioning

, 14

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)

, 7, 22, 42, 57, 69, 76–77, 117–121, 139, 149, 167, 243, 265, 277, 286–288, 291–292

age of

, 100

aim

, 149

benefits

, 122–124

contours of

, 42

customer benefits

, 288

drawbacks

, 259

with electric, self-driving vehicles

, 59

expectations for

, 193–196

idea of

, 158

initiatives

, 281

investing in

, 171

key aspect

, 130

launching

, 114

and pandemic

, 179–181

potential trends in

, 174

sharing

, 124–126

space and time efficiency of modes of transportation

, 123

technology for

, 96

in United States

, 124

urban utopias

, 126–127

MobilityX

, 131

Model T

, 19, 97

MoGo Bikes

, 74

MOIA

, 108

Moovit app

, 134–135, 142, 173, 217

Multimodal transportation

, 66, 114, 129, 149–154, 281–282

mobility hubs

, 154–156

systems

, 260

myCicero

, 132

MyCorridor

, 131

myTaxi

, 108

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

, 26–27, 33, 267

Nauto

, 143

NaviGogo

, 131

Navya

, 160

Neckermann Strategic Advisors

, 83–84

Netflix

, 85, 101, 105, 142, 215, 218, 225–226

New virtual world

, 196–198

New York

, 87, 107

City Subway

, 111

commuters in

, 11–12

Nitrogen monoxide

, 29

North America

, 64–67

Nuro

, 160

Nvidia

, 140, 143

Oliver Twist (Dickens)

, 197

On-demand bus services

, 63

Open Streets

, 233–234

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 16, 55

Ottawa

, 65

Otto

, 174

Panasonic

, 9

Paris

, 87, 233

autonomous vehicles company in

, 93

BlaBlaCar established in

, 125

micro-mobility in

, 238

mobility in

, 107

notion of reinventing

, 232

Paris Agreement

, 53, 68, 138, 285, 291

Paris Climate Agreement

, 53

Parking lots

, 55–58

Parking spaces

, 57

Particulate emissions

, 29

Particulate matter (PM)

, 28

PM 2.5 standard

, 28–29

Pearl River Delta

, 49–50

Pedestrian zone

, 67, 121, 180, 277–278

People with disabilities

, 8–10, 66

Phoenix

, 87, 177, 282

Piazze Aperte (Open Plazas) project plans

, 234

Pittsburgh

, 38, 53, 164, 282, 288

Platooning

, 175

Pods and shuttles

, 146, 150, 157

car

, 157–162

delivery services

, 162–165

Pontevedra

, 121, 278–279

Pony. ai

, 140

Poverty

, 8, 275

Private car sharing companies

, 236

Private transportation

, 124, 146

Prosperity

, 11

commuters in New York

, 11–12

Ford and American Middle Class

, 19–20

Maria and Olivia

, 16–19

Mexico City, São Paulo, and Switzerland

, 13–16

workers in Chicago

, 12–13

Public transit

, 18

Public transportation

, 17, 124

Radar

, 92–93

Radio City Music Hall

, 135–136

Rail network

, 14, 16, 112

ReachNow

, 131–132

Residents

, 11, 14, 51–52, 59–60

Ride-hailing

, 66, 76, 86, 108, 109–112, 125, 133–134, 142–143, 179, 194, 217

Ride-pooling

, 86, 108, 110–112, 125, 134, 142

Ride-sharing

, 65, 86, 108, 110–112, 125, 188

Rinspeed’s Variable Shuttle

, 159

Roads

, 55–58

traffic

, 204

Robotaxi service

, 160

Royal Hill Park housing development in Surrey

, 276

Rural areas

rural lifestyles

, 74–77

suburbanisation

, 71–74

Samsung

, 99

São Paulo

, 13–16

Scandinavian cities

, 62, 233

Scenarios

, 249–252

Scoop

, 74

Scooters

, 122, 144

Sedans

, 141

Self-driving cars

, 90, 145

Self-driving electric cars

, 57–58

Self-driving pods and shuttles

, 7, 174, 199, 211, 243

Self-driving vehicles

, 85, 122, 140–141, 154, 157, 160, 174, 248–249

Self-evident truths for auto industry execs

, 40–42

Sensing

, 96

Sensor systems

, 83, 92

Shanghai

, 87

Shanghai Metropolitan Region

, 49

Shared mobility

, 112

Shared transportation

, 124

ShareNow

, 109

Sharing

, 86, 108, 113–114, 124–126

diverging views on

, 114

traffic reduction by

, 107–112

Shift2MaaS

, 131

Silicon Valley of mobility industry

, 153

Silicon Valley of the East

, 53

Simulation

, 248–249

SIXT

, 109

SkedGo

, 131

Smartphones

, 114, 122, 176, 198, 225, 289

Social cohesion

, 62

Social costs of mobility

accidents

, 25–27

emissions

, 27–29

infrastructure

, 35–36

joy and sorrow

, 21–22

land use

, 29–32

mobility cost

, 33–35

traffic jams

, 23–25

vehicle usage

, 22–23

Social prestige

, 130, 137

Softbank

, 143

Sorrow

, 21–22

South Korea

, 235

mobility in

, 235

pilot connected and autonomous driving in

, 281

traffic situation in

, 221

Space

, 271–273

Spanish city of Pontevedra

, 278

SPLT

, 74

Sport utility vehicles (SUVs)

, 29, 38, 141, 216

Squares

, 233–234

Stakes

, 259–261

Star Wars

, 196

Starbucks

, 85, 102, 143, 287

Stationary car sharing

, 109

Suburbanisation

, 71–74

Suburbs

, 72–73

Subway

, 133

Sunshine State

, 177

Super-islands

, 233

Superblocks

, 233–234

Suppliers

, 84, 84

Supply chain disintegration

change drivers

, 85–87

changing face of value added

, 81–85

Switzerland

, 13–16

Tablets

, 225

Taxi

, 133

industry

, 240

Teams

, 4

Technical supervision

, 141

Tel Aviv

, 93, 151–153, 178, 282

Telecoms

, 85

Teleoperations

, 85, 141, 243

Tesla

, 173, 215, 236

driver-assisted vehicle

, 267

TimesUpp

, 132

Tokyo

, 87

autonomous vehicles company in

, 93

light rail

, 10

megacity

, 46

transportation

, 152

TomTom

, 94, 233

Toxic nitrogen dioxide

, 29

Toyota

, 143, 236

Traffic, 55, 204 (see also Vehicles)

cars, roads, and parking lots

, 55–58

children and

, 58–59

cities

, 59–60

congestion

, 23–24

jams

, 14, 23–25, 108

light

, 63–64, 67–68, 92–94, 103

planning

, 252–254

reduction by sharing

, 107–112

Trafi

, 131

Trains

, 117, 122–123

Tram

, 133

Transport for London (TfL)

, 143, 151, 276

Transportation

, 8–9, 171–173, 245

policy

, 11

spatial footprint of modes

, 32

systems

, 124

throughput of different modes

, 31

Travel

, 3–8

options suggested by Moovit App

, 135

Travellers in Tokyo

, 152

Twitter

, 142, 218

Uber

, 74, 76, 86–87, 109–111, 135, 142–143, 161, 174, 215, 217, 241

UbiGo

, 131, 217

Udelv vehicles

, 164

UK Road Haulage Association

, 175

Urban utopias

, 126–127

Urbanisation

, 52

US Department of Transportation

, 66

V2X communication

, 104

Value added

, 81–85

Value chain

, 288

elements

, 139–145

investments

, 144

mobility concept

, 145–147

Vans

, 141

Vehicle-to-everything communication

, 104

Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication

, 83, 90, 104

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V communication)

, 83, 102–104

Vehicles

, 64

design

, 209

interiors209–211

usage

, 22–23

Via

, 74, 110, 131–132

Villages

, 177

Virtual reality applications

, 197

Vision Zero

, 68, 289

ViveLaCar

, 214

Volkswagen

, 143, 261

Volvo

, 269

Walmart

, 160, 162, 164

Waymo

, 140, 177, 218

Waze

, 217

Wearables

, 225

Whim app

, 129–130, 142, 217

Wishes

, 185–187

Workers in Chicago

, 12–13

World Bank

, 33, 111–112

World Economic Forum

, 33–34, 55, 163

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 229

World’s Fair in New York (1939)

, 38

Wunder Mobility

, 132, 224–225

Yutong

, 161

ZF

, 160

Zoom

, 4

Zoox

, 163