Abstract models

, 13n10

Action

, 30, 140–143

collective

, 91

communicative

, 43, 101–102, 104, 152

community

, 117

co-ordination of

, 102

purposeful-rational

, 30, 30n14, 32, 101, 103

relationship with structure

, 28, 148–149

Actor-network theory (ANT)

, 52, 125, 157

Actors

, 38–39, 134–140

on macro-level

, 153–155

question of

, 134–140

Affective action

, 31

Agency–structure integration

, 15

AGIL (four function paradigm)

, 89–96, 105, 105n107, 139, 139n30, 140, 159

Allocative resources

, 148n41, 155

Alternation

, 99n103

Altruism

, 136

American pragmatism

, 48, 49, 52n36, 57

Analytical schemes

, 12n10

Anomie

, 90n91

Antagonistic model

, 150, 151

Anthropological functionalism, postulates of

, 76

Anti-evolutionary approach

, 96

Anti-functionalist approach

, 96

Archaeology of knowledge

, 73

Aristotelian way of thinking

, 23

Atomism

, 25

Authoritative resources

, 148n41, 155

Autopoietic systems

, 79

Axiomatic formats

, 12n10

Balance

, 24

Basic dualism, nature of

, 25–29

Becoming

, 21

Behaviour

, 30

Behavioural hypotheses

, 33–35

Behaviourism

, 32–33n18

Behaviouristic version of utilitarian theory

, 32–37

Behaviourist learning theory

, 33

Behaviourist psychology

, 32n18, 34

Beneficiaries

, 42

Biographical sociology

, 48

Biological organisms

, 24

Body, as metaphor

, 23

Breaching experiment

, 59–60, 60n50

Building, as metaphor

, 23

Bureaucracy

, 76n74, 103

Bureaucratisation of social relations

, 105

Capability

, 141, 142, 159

Capital

cultural

, 108

economic

, 108

social

, 109

symbolic

, 109

Categorical-analytical problem

, 150

Causal models

, 13n10

Character

, 136

Chicago School

, 49

Classics of sociological thought, position of

, 116–118

Classics of sociology

, 6

Collective action

, 91

Collective consciousness

, 67, 68

Collectivism

, 10

Collectivist theories

, 1, 25

Communication

closure, self-referential

, 81

media

, 122

social systems

, 80

Communicative action

, 43, 101–102, 104, 152

Community action

, 117

Compatibility

, 130

Complexity

, 79

Complex social relations

, 39

Concealed knowledge

, 138

Concentric (Burgess’) model of urban zones

, 24

Concepts

, 11

types of

, 11

Conflict theory

, 14, 27, 77

Conflictualism

, 77

Conformists

, 90n91

Conjoint action

, 30n13

Consciousness

, 49n33

collective

, 67, 68

discursive

, 137, 138

personal

, 135n23

practical

, 137, 138, 141

social relations

, 135n23

Consensus theory

, 77

Consent

, 30n13

Constitutional duality of human nature

, 135

Constructivism

, 100, 127–132

social

, 27, 43, 96–100

Contingency

, 80

Contracts

, 22

Conversational marketplaces

, 22

Conversation markets

, 60–65

Coordination model

, 150

Coordination of action

, 102

Critical rationalism

, 16

Critical theory

, 14, 15

Cultural anthropology

, 58, 74

Cultural capital

, 108

Culture

definition of

, 102, 156n50

idealistic integrative

, 85

ideational

, 85

material

, 156

sensate

, 85

Cyclical alternation/rotation

, 86

Cyclical theories of evolution and change

, 85

Definition of the situation

, 48

Dependency theory

, 86

Deprivation–satiation proposition

, 35

Destructive information

, 54

Dialectic paradigm

, 15n14

Differentiation process

, 24

Discursive consciousness

, 137, 138

Division of labour

, 81, 130

Dominance

, 144

Dramaturgical perspective of interpretative sociology

, 52–57

Dualism

, 115–161, 163

Duality

, 115–161

Duplex structures

, 115–161, 140n31, 148, 153, 164

Duration

, 44

Eclecticism

, 16

Economic analysis of exchange mechanisms

, 143n33

Economic capital

, 108

Economic inflation/crisis

, 116

Egoism

, 135n25, 136, 137

Emotional energy

, 64–65

Environmental theory

, 14n12

Episteme

, 72–73

Ethnomethodological perspective of interpretative sociology

, 57–60

Ethnomethodology

, 14, 15, 21, 43

Ethnomethods

, 58

Eugenics

, 23

Evolutionary-theoretical model

, 150

Evolutionism

, 27, 84

Exchange

, 69

generalized

, 69

restricted

, 69

theory

, 14, 14n12, 32, 36–37, 60

Existentialism

, 105

Experimenting on models

, 70

Exteriorization of mind

, 49n33

Externalities of action

, 41

Facts and theory, relationship between

, 9

Figuration

, 87–89, 145

Focused interaction

, 55n39

Folgewelt (succeeding world)

, 45

Formal formats

, 12n10

Formal theories

, 8

Formats

, 12–13

Free will

, 86, 115

Fremdverstehen method (understanding of the other)

, 21, 44–45

Front

, 53–54

Frustration–aggression proposition

, 35

Functional differentiation

, 24, 120

Functionalism

, 14, 24, 67, 74–78, 111, 147

anthropological

, 76

definition of

, 111n112

neo-functionalism

, 14, 78, 84, 96

structural

, 14, 33n19, 75

Functionalist system theories

, 101

Game theory

, 41–42, 41–42n25

Genealogical approach

, 73

Generalised other

, 50

Generalized exchange

, 69

General systems theory

, 24

General theories versus special theories

, 8–9

Goal–rational action

, 30, 32

Habitus, and social field

, 105–110

Habitus-disposition system

, 106

Handeln

, 22

Héraclitean philosophy

, 20

Hermeneutics

, 21

Historical science

, 86

Holism

, 1, 3, 25–26, 28, 48, 86, 115, 116, 126

methodological

, 26

Holistic approach

, 65–86

attempts to unite with individualist approaches

, 86–113

functionalism

, 74–78

network analysis

, 82–84

science of social facts

, 65–68

structuralism and post-structuralism

, 68–74

systems theory

, 78–82

theory of social exchange

, 84–86

Homeostasis

, 24

Homo duplex

, 1, 134, 135, 137–139, 142, 145

Homo oeconomicus

, 32, 37, 42, 125, 134

Homo sociologicus

, 123, 125, 134, 139

Human individual, as homo duplex

, 117–118

Human self

, 27, 50, 51

Idealistic integrative culture

, 85

Ideational culture

, 85

Impression management

, 54

Indexicality

, 59

Individualism

, 1, 3, 10, 28, 86

methodological

, 26, 26n5, 26n6, 36–38, 41, 96

Individualist approach/perspective

, 115

attempts to unite with holistic approaches

, 86–113

conversation markets

, 60–65

interpretative (hermeneutic) sociology

, 43–60

science of social action

, 29–32

utilitarian theory

, 32–43

Individualist theories

, 25

Innovators

, 90n91

Institutionalisation

, 98

Institutionalised behaviour

, 122

Interactional rituals

, 63n53

Interactional social system

, 78

Interactionism/interactions

, 14, 27, 48, 55–57, 60, 144–145

focused

, 55n39

markets

, 64n54

order

, 55

significance of

, 87

symbolic

, 14, 15, 21, 27n7, 43, 48–52, 78, 96

unfocused

, 55n39

Internalisation

primary

, 99n103

secondary

, 99n103

Interpersonal communication

, 59–60, 130

Interpersonal interaction

, 117, 156

Interpretative rules

, 148n40

Interpretative sociology

, 48, 128

Interpretative (hermeneutic) sociology

, 43–60

dramaturgical perspective

, 52–57

ethnomethodological perspective

, 57–60

phenomenological sociology

, 43–48

symbolic interactionism

, 48–52

Intersubjectivity

, 45–47

Invisible hand of the market

, 102, 129, 129n13

‘Iron cage’ of rationality

, 30, 30n12

Kantianism

, 156

Kinship systems

, 69

Knowledgeability

, 141, 142, 159

Labels

, 11

Labour market

, 83

Language

, 46, 66, 97, 141n32

structuralist model of

, 71

system and speech acts, relationships between

, 150

Latent dysfunctions

, 77

Latent positive functions

, 77

Lebenswelt (life-world)

, 45–47, 131

Legitimacy/legitimation

, 98–99, 144

Manifest dysfunctions

, 77

Manifest positive functions

, 77

Market, as metaphor

, 22

Marxism

, 20, 155, 155n46, 157n52

Material culture

, 156

Material markets

, 64n54

Material reality

, 151

Mathematical approach

, 25

Mathesis

, 72

Meaning

, 21

Media

, 157

Mesosociology

, 84

Metaphors

basic root

, 20

impact on pre-sociological and sociological thinking

, 19–25

Meta-theoretical schemes

, 12n10

Meta-theory

, 10

Methodological anti-humanism

, 115n2

Methodological holism

, 26

Methodological indifference

, 60

Methodological individualism

, 26, 26n5, 26n6, 36–38, 41, 96

Micro- and macro-levels, relationship between

, 26–28, 132, 150–153

Micro- to macro-level transition

, 39–40

Middle-range theories

, 10–11, 83

Mitwelt (collateral world)

, 45

Model schemes

, 13n10

Modern feminist theory

, 15

Modernity

, 9

Monetarisation of social relations

, 104

Monetary media

, 104

Monistic approach to question of action

, 134n20

Morality

, 135n25

Morphogenetic approach

, 113, 113n116, 133

Multiparadigmatic science

, 13

Multiple modernities

, 85

Musician’s relationship

, 47

Mythemes

, 71

Myths

, 71

Natural attitude

, 45, 46

Neo-behaviourism

, 32n18

Neoevolutionism

, 84

Neo-functionalism

, 14, 78, 84, 96

Neo-Marxism

, 14, 15, 86

Neo-positivism

, 5

Neo-structuralism

, 14

Network analysis

, 14, 82–84

Network theory

, 27

Nominalism

, 26, 118

Nominalists

, 26

Nomological statements

, 6

Non-factorial/non-empirical practices

, 9–10

Non-verbal interaction

, 61

Normative rules

, 148n40

Norms

, 41, 42

Occasional expressions

, 59

Operationalisation

, 25

Organisational social system

, 78

Paradigmatic plurality

, 13–17

definition of

, 13n11

Phenomenological sociology

, 21, 43–48, 57, 101

Phenomenology

, 14, 27n7, 43, 44n29

transcendental

, 44

Platonic type of thinking

, 20n2

Playing social roles

, 119, 143, 163

Political economy

, 27

Political power

, 105

Politicisation of the economy

, 104

Polycausalism

, 92n94

Positivism

, 24, 66

Positivist sociology

, 67n58

Positivist theories

, 8

Post-structuralism

, 68–74

Power relations

, 42

Practical consciousness

, 137, 138, 141

Practical reality

, 151

Precision analysis

, 61

Propositional schemes

, 12–13n10

Proto-sociology

, 19

Public opinion

, 26

Purposeful–rational action

, 30, 30n14, 32, 101, 103

Qualitative methodologies

, 21, 22

Quantitative methodologies

, 21, 25, 100n106

Quasi-theorising

, 6

Rational action theory

, 37

Rational choice theory

, 14n12, 32, 37–43

Rationalisation

, 137

Rationalistic model of exchange

, 64

Rationality

, 9, 10, 58

Reactive behaviour

, 30

Realism

, 26, 118

Realist social theory

, 112, 112n115

Rebels

, 90n91

Regions

, 54

Reification

, 98

Relative autonomy

, 22

Repetitive communicative behaviour

, 62

Resocialisation

, 99n103

Resources

, 155–158

allocative

, 148n41, 155

authoritative

, 148n41, 155

Restricted exchange

, 69

Retreatists

, 90n91

Ritualists

, 90n91

Role performance

, 143

Role-playing

, 123–126, 134, 143

Royal mechanism

, 155n46

Scaling techniques

, 25

Schemes

analytical

, 12n10

meta-theoretical

, 12n10

model

, 13n10

propositional

, 12–13n10

Science of social action

, 29–32

Science of social facts

, 65–68

Segmental differentiation

, 85

Self-maintenance

, 92

Self-presentation of an individual

, 53

Self-preservation

, 61, 92

Self-referential communication closure

, 81

Self-referential systems

, 80

Self-regulation

, 152–153

Semi-periphery

, 86n84

Sensate culture

, 85

Signification

, 144

Simple relations

, 39

Social action

, 30, 143

forms of

, 30n13

Social behaviourism

, 49, 50n33

Social capital

, 42n27, 109

Social change

, 27, 149

Social class

, 26

Social constructivism

, 27, 43, 96–100, 153

Social contact

, 53, 55

Social differentiation

, 24, 130

Social exchange

, 64

Social facts

, 65–67, 118n6

Social field, habitus and

, 105–110

Social institutions

, 121

Sociality

, 143, 144

Social machinery

, 23

Social morphology

, 24

Social order, creation and maintenance of

, 98

Social organism

, 23–24

Social physiology

, 24

Social process

, 17n15

Social realism/reality

, 110–113, 118

Social relations/relationship

characteristics of

, 31

complex

, 39

simple

, 39

Social revolutions

, 131n17

Social roles

, 2, 119, 122–123

Social solidarity

, 63n53, 76, 77, 82, 84, 102, 104

Social standardisation

, 59

Social structure

, 24–25

Social systems

, 24, 78, 148

types of

, 78

Social world, basic dimensions of

, 45

Societal action

, 30n13

Societal movement

, 73

Societal social system

, 78

Sociobiology

, 14, 14n12

Sociolinguistics

, 27

Sociological constants

, 38

Sociological criticism/commentary

, 6

Sociological laws

, 38

Sociological taxonomies

, 6

Sociological theory

, 119n9

criteria for

, 8

definition of

, 3–17

dimensions of

, 6–7

functions of

, 7

interpretations of

, 6

structure of

, 10–13

theoretical dilemmas of

, 15

types of

, 8

Sociology

definition of

, 118

biographical

, 48

classics of

, 6

interpretative (hermeneutic)

, 43–60

mesosociology

, 84

phenomenological

, 21, 43–48, 57, 101

positivist

, 67n58

proto-sociology

, 19

understanding-capable

, 29, 29n11, 44–45, 67n58, 101

Socratic thinking

, 21

Special theories versus general theories

, 8–9

Speech communication

, 43, 52, 152

Statements

, 11–12

Statistical process

, 25

Stimulus behavioural proposition

, 34

Stratification model of society

, 24, 27

Strong ties

, 83

Structural-constructivist approach

, 105

Structural functionalism

, 14, 33n19, 75–76, 125

Structural-functionalist model of consensus

, 77

Structural-functionalist theory of social systems

, 77, 110

Structural holes

, 83

Structuralism

, 14, 25, 27, 67, 68–74, 105

classical

, 119

Structuralist constructivism

, 120, 125

Structuration

analysis, levels of

, 159

chart of levels of

, 160

dimensions of

, 158–161

theory of

, 1, 110–113, 118–120, 122, 125, 132–134, 142, 144, 161, 163

Structure of sociological theory

, 10–13, 93, 146–149

concepts

, 11

formats

, 12–13

relationship with action

, 28, 148–149

statements

, 11–12

Substantive theories

, 8

Success behavioural proposition

, 33–34

Super-ego

, 122

Supra-individual

, 65, 66n57, 74, 86, 112n115, 116

Symbolic capital

, 109

Symbolic communication

, 62

Symbolic interactionism

, 14, 15, 21, 27n7, 43, 48–52, 78, 96, 145

pre-conditions of

, 51

Symbolic reality

, 151

Symbolic universe

, 121, 127

Systems theory

, 15, 27, 78–82

Target actors

, 42

Team

, 54

Temperament

, 136

Theatre-inspired dramaturgical sociology

, 22

Theoretical antihumanism

, 73, 73n70, 115n2

Theoretical–methodological problem

, 38–41

Theory

, 5–6

of action

, 32, 101, 103

of communicative action

, 27

of consciousness

, 44

of consensus

, 77

of creative action

, 125

definition of

, 7

of evolution

, 79

and facts, relationship with

, 9

of human behaviour

, 36

of knowledge

, 23

of organisations

, 27

of performativity

, 125

of religion

, 77

of social action

, 14

of social change

, 84–86

of social choice and exchange

, 14

of social exchange

, 27

of structuration

, 1, 14, 27, 110–113, 118–120, 122, 125, 132–134, 142, 144, 161, 163

Total institutions

, 56n40

Traditional action

, 30–31

Transcendental phenomenology

, 44

Transformational model of social activity

, 133n19

Transformation model

, 133

Two-level conception of society

, 100–105

Typification

, 46, 47

Umwelt (surrounding world)

, 45, 47

Understanding-capable sociology

, 29, 29n11, 44–45, 67n58, 101

Unfocused interaction

, 55n39

Universalism

, 91

Utilitarianism

, 32, 60

Utilitarian theory

behaviouristic version

, 32–37

rational choice theory

, 37–43

Value proposition

, 34–35

Value-rational action

, 30, 142

Variables

, 11

Various formats

, 12–13n10

Verbal communication

, 156

Verstehende Soziologie

, 43

Voluntarism

, 86, 143, 164

Vorwelt (preceding world)

, 45

Weak ties

, 83

Wechselwirkung

, 144

Wissensvorrat (stock of knowledge)

, 46

World system theory

, 86