Index

Citation

Bowker, L. and Ciro, J.B. (2019), "Index", Machine Translation and Global Research: Towards Improved Machine Translation Literacy in the Scholarly Community, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-721-420191008

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited

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INDEX

Page numbers followed by “t” indicate tables.

abbreviated forms

, 68–69

abstract(s)

academic

, 26

benefits

, 72

defined

, 71

indexing

, 71

informative

, 71

structured

, 71

translation-friendly

, 72–76, 74t–75t

writing

, 71–72

abstracting-indexing organizations

, 3

abstractors

, 3, See also abstract(s)

academic librarians

, 57

delivering machine translation literacy instruction

, 92–93

academic libraries

, 92

academic writing

, 13–14, 60–62, See also translation-friendly writing

colloquialization

, 61

corpus-based investigation

, 60–61

foreign language

, 25–26

active voice

, 64–65, See also passive voice

AECMA Simplified English

, 51–52

Aikawa, T.

, 75

Allen, S.

, 92

ALPAC.

, See Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC)

ambiguity(ies)

, 40, 46–49

anaphora

, 48–49

homonyms

, 46

idiomatic expressions

, 49

lexical

, 40, 46–47

polysemy

, 46

structural

, 47–48

word category

, 46–47

American Journal Experts

, 16–17

editing services

, 17

on machine translation

, 23–24

translation services

, 17, 17t

analytic languages

, 77

anaphora

, 48–49, See also pronoun

Anazawa, R.

, 11, 14, 32–33, 34

Arnold, D.

, 23

assimilation of information

, 29–32

The Atlantic

, 45

Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC)

, 38

Baron, S.

, 34

Bartlett, J. C.

, 34

Benfield, J.

, 12, 57, 93

Bennett, K.

, 9–10, 81

Bing Translator (Microsoft)

, 22, 84

Bologna Declaration

, 9–10

Bowker, L.

, 25, 28, 39, 59, 75

British Journal of Surgery

, 72

British National Corpus (BNC)

, 61

Buitrago Ciro, J.

, 22, 25, 27, 59, 75

Bull, S.

, 92

Burgess, S.

, 13, 14–15, 81–82

Canada

, 10, 22, 23, 38, 42–43

Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene

, 30, 33

Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science

, 72

Cargill, M.

, 13, 14, 57

Carranza, N.

, 10

Castilho, S.

, 45–46

Caterpillar Technical English (CTE)

, 52

China

, 10

Citizenship and Immigration Canada

, 10

Clas, A.

, 8

Cochrane

, 58–59, See also Plain Language Summary (PLS)

colloquialization

, 61

Commission of the European Communities

, 38

Common Sense Advisory

, 84

computer-aided translation tools

, 38–39

controlled languages

, 49–53, 59

advantages

, 52

characteristics

, 51

CTE

, 52

document authoring

, 51–52

limitations

, 52–53

vocabularies

, 51

controlled vocabulary

, 50, 51, 52

convenience editing

, 18, 25

Corcoran, J.

, 11, 13–14

corpus-based approaches

, 39, 42–44

EBMT

, 39, 42–43

SMT

, 39, 43–44

costs of translation and editing services

, 15–17, 17t

cryptographic techniques

, 37–38

CTE.

, See Caterpillar Technical English

cultural references

, 69–70

Curry, M. J.

, 14

databases

, 3, 11, 22, 27–28, 72

EBSCO

, 31

keywords

, 28

LISTA

, 28–29

ProQuest

, 22, 30–31

searching

, 28

data-driven approaches.

, See corpus-based approaches

Delisle, J.

, 8, 23

DePalma, D. A.

, 84–85

Desrochers, N.

, 20, 80–81

digital literacy

, 33

digital literacy librarians

, 92

Doherty, S.

, 44

Drubin, D. G.

, 12–13, 57

Dueñas, M.

, 20

EBMT.

, See example-based machine translation (EBMT)

EBSCO

, 31

e-Ciencias de la Información

, 28

editing

, 15, 17, 90–91, See also post-editing; pre-editing

editorial assistance.

, See convenience editing

ElMalik, A. T.

, 13

Elsevier

, 15

on machine translation

, 24

pricing policy

, 16

on translation and translators

, 15

English.

, See also machine translation; publication/publishing; translation-friendly writing

Euro-English

, 76

Hinglish

, 76

Internet and

, 9

limited proficiency

, 11, 13, 14, 17, 25, 34

as lingua franca (common language)

, 9–11

native speakers of

, 12–13, 35

scholarly publishing

, 9

varieties of

, 11, 76

World

, 11, 80

English for Academic Purposes

, 13

English for Research Publication Purposes

, 13–14, 20, 57

English-language skills, need of

, 12

English language teachers

, 18, 93

epistemicide/epistemicidal process

, 81

Eriksson, S.

, 19

ethics

, 82–84

Euro-English

, 76

Europe

Bologna Declaration

, 9–10

English-taught university programs

, 10

Euro-English

, 76

European Union

, 23, 41

example-based machine translation (EBMT)

, 39, 42–43

Faires, D.

, 10

Feak, C.

, 12, 57, 93

FIFA World Cup (2018)

, 5–6

Fink, G. A.

, 42

Fiverr

, 18, 19

Flowerdew, J.

, 12, 14, 80

Ford, C.

, 10

freelance services

, 18, See also gig economy

free online machine translation.

, See online machine translation

Fujita, A.

, 75

Gea-Valor, M. L.

, 14–15, 81–82

Gerlach, J.

, 75

Gigbucks

, 18–19

gig economy

concept of

, 18

translation services

, 18–20

Gillis, A.

, 19

gisting

, 23, 29, 30, 76, 80

Google

, 84–85

Google Translate

, 1, 19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 75, 84

“Google Translate Sings,”

, 1

Goulet, M.-J.

, 25, 76

Graduate School of Medicine of University of Tokyo

, 32

Gray, B.

, 8–9

Hawtin, A.

, 61

Helgesson, G.

, 19

Hight, M.

, 92

Hinglish

, 76

Hirsh, S.

, 10

homograph/homography.

, See word category ambiguity

homonyms

, 46

Honduras

, 10

Horguelin, P. A.

, 8

Horn, D.

, 93

Hughes, H.

, 92

human translation

, 83, See also machine translation

humor

, 69–70

Hutchins, W. J.

, 29, 37, 39

hybrid language

, 76

Hyland, K.

, 18

idiomatic expressions

, 49, 69–70

IFLA.

, See International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)

indexing

, 27–28, 71

India

, 10

Hinglish

, 76

indirect transfer systems

, 40

industrialization

, 9

information

assimilation

, 29–32

discovery

, 27–29

searching

, 27–29

Institute of International Education

, 10

instruction on machine translation literacy.

, See machine translation literacy instruction

intellectual property

, 84

intercultural mediator

, 81

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)

, 30

international journals

, 12

Bologna zone academics

, 10

English-language abstracts

, 11

peer-reviewed

, 13

international students

, 10, 34, 92

Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences

, 24

Investigación Bibliotecológica: Archivonomía, Bibliotecología e Información

, 72

Ishikawa, H.

, 11, 14, 32–33, 34

Ishimura, Y.

, 34

Jackson, P. A.

, 92

Japan, nurses in

, 11–12, 14, 32

Jelicic Kadic, A.

, 58–59

Joudrey, D. N.

, 51

journal(s)

, 8

international.

, See international journals

predatory

, 19

scholarly publishing

, 11–22, See also publication/publishing

journal editors

, 4, 12, 39, 57, 80

Journal of English for Academic Purposes

, 14

Kamocki, P.

, 84, 85

Keet, H.

, 19, 20

Kellogg, D. R.

, 12–13, 57

Kenny, D.

, 44, 79, 82–83

keywords

, 28

Kit, C.

, 28, 29, 31–32, 33, 34

Kittredge, R. I.

, 51, 52

Kiuchi, T.

, 11, 14, 32–33, 34

Knight, L.

, 92

knowledge organization systems

, 27–28, See also databases

Korea

, 9, 10

Kummert, F.

, 42

Lahlafi, A.

, 92

language(s).

, See also English; machine translation

ambiguities.

, See ambiguity(ies)

analytic

, 77

grammatical genders used in

, 66

indexing

, 27–28

synthetic

, 77

Language Engineering Company

, 30–31, See also ProQuest

Larivière, V.

, 20, 80–81

LeBlanc, C.

, 23

lexical ambiguity

, 40, 46–47

LibGuides

, 58

librarians

, 34, 58, 92

academic.

, See academic librarians

continuing education

, 3

digital literacy

, 92

international students and

, 34

literacies and

, 34, 92–93

plain language instruction and

, 93

professional associations

, 3

public

, 4, 93

scholarly communication

, 92

school

, 4, 93

workshop

, 89–92

Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA)

, 28–29

Library of Congress Subject Headings

, 51

Lillis, T. M.

, 14

limited English proficiency

, 11, 13, 14, 17, 25, 34

LISTA.

, See Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA)

literacy(ies)

, 33

digital

, 33

information

, 3, 33, 34, 58, 92, 93

librarians and

, 34, 92–93

machine translation.

, See machine translation literacy

media

, 3, 33, 34, 92

meaning of

, 87

types

, 3, 34

literacy brokers

, 14

English teachers as

, 18

Lockwood, R.

, 52

López-Navarro, I.

, 12

Luo, N.

, 18

machine translation

, 37–53

ambiguity of language

, 40, 46–49

appropriate use

, 33

brief history of

, 37–40

controlled languages and

, 49–53

corpus-based approaches to

, 39, 42–44

deficiencies/limits of

, 22–24

direct transfer systems

, 39–40

ethics and.

, See ethics

example-based.

, See example-based machine translation (EBMT)

hybrid models 39indirect transfer systems,

, 40

information assimilation

, 29–32

neural.

, See neural machine translation (NMT)

online

, 22, 79, 84–85

privacy risks

, 84–85

rule-based.

, See rule-based machine translation (RBMT)

searching information

, 27–29

statistical.

, See statistical machine translation (SMT)

sub-language approach to

, 50–51

translation memory systems and

, 38–39

machine translation literacy

, 32–35, 56

framework

, 87–93

need for

, 92

teaching

, 35

training

, 34–35

working definition

, 87–88

machine translation literacy instruction

, 35, 77, 88–93

school children and

, 93

Maiworm, F.

, 10

Martin, A.

, 33

Medical Subject Headings

, 51

Meneses Benavides, G. A.

, 12

MÉTÉO system

, 22, 50

Microsoft’s Bing Translator.

, See Bing Translator (Microsoft)

Miyata, R.

, 75

modifiers

, 65

modifier stacking.

, See noun stacking

Montgomery, S.

, 8, 9, 14

Moreno, A. I.

, 12, 14–15, 81–82

Moses machine translation system

, 85

Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto

, 58

Mur Dueñas, P.

, 12, 20

National Autonomous University of Mexico

, 72

National Research Council of Canada

, 23

native speakers, of English

, 12–13, 35

natural languages

, 37

Nature

, 8

Nesi, H.

, 13

neural machine translation (NMT)

, 39, 44–46, 83

neural network

, 44–45

The New York Times

, 5–6

NMT.

, See neural machine translation (NMT)

nouns

, 66–67

noun stacking

, 48, 65, See also structural ambiguity

nurses, in Japan

, 11–12, 14, 32

O’Brien, S.

, 25–26, 27, 76

O’Connor, P.

, 57

Olohan, M.

, 12, 15, 60

online machine translation

, 22, 79, 84–85

optimal use

, 32

open source system

, 85

O’Regan, J.

, 84, 85

Pan-American Health Organization

, 22

parallel corpus

, 42

Park, M.

, 14, 32

Parra Escartín, C.

, 25, 26–27, 33, 76

passive voice

, 64–65, See also active voice

peer reviewers

, 4, 12, 39, 57

peer reviews

, 19, 55

personal pronouns

, 66–67, See also pronouns

PLAIN.

, See Plain Language Association International (PLAIN)

plain language

, 62–63, See also translation-friendly writing

defined

, 62

instruction, librarians and

, 93

summaries

, 58–59

Plain Language Association International (PLAIN)

, 62

Plain Language Summary (PLS)

, 58–59

PLS.

, See Plain Language Summary (PLS)

Polfer, L.

, 92

polysemy

, 46

Portage machine translation system

, 23

post-editing

, 25–27, See also self-post-editing

defined

, 25, 76

full/maximal

, 25

notes on

, 76–77

pre-editing vs.

, 60

rapid/minimal

, 25

predatory publishing

, 19

pre-editing

, 52, 60, See also post-editing

prepositional phrase attachment ambiguity

, 47–48, See also structural ambiguity

price.

, See costs of translation and editing services

Prince George Citizen

, 48

privacy

, 84–85

professional translation services

, 24

cost of

, 16–17, 17t

pronouns

, 49, See also anaphora

personal

, 66–67

relative

, 65–66

ProQuest

, 22, 30–31

website

, 31

ProQuest Dialog

, 31

publication/publishing

, 11–22

editorial assistance

, 18

English for Research Publication Purposes

, 13–14

gig translation services

, 18–20

predatory

, 19

strategies with pros and cons

, 20–22, 21t

traditional model

, 12

translation

, 14–17

public librarians

, 4, 93

Quintanilla, M.

, 12

RBMT.

, See rule-based machine translation (RBMT)

Reese, Malinda Kathleen

, 1

relative pronouns

, 65–66, See also pronouns

research databases.

, See databases

Rey-Rocha, J.

, 12, 14–15, 81–82

ride-share organizations

, 18

rule-based machine translation (RBMT)

, 39–42, 83

Sagerer, G.

, 42

Saudi Arabia

, 10

scholarly communication

, 1–2, See also publication/publishing

concept of

, 7–8

scientific literature

, 8–9

scholarly communication librarian

, 92

scholarly publishing.

, See publication/publishing

school librarians

, 4, 93

School of Library Studies and Information Sciences, University of Costa Rica

, 28

Schwartz, L.

, 25

science, development and growth of

, 8

scientific articles

, 8

scientific literature

, 8–9

scientific research

, 8, See also publication/publishing

translation of

, 14–17

self-post-editing

, 25–27, 33, 91–92

sentence-level ambiguities

, 47

sentences, short

, 64

Sereten, V.

, 75

short sentences.

, See sentences, short

short-term contracts

, 18, See also gig economy

Simard, M.

, 25–26, 76

SMT.

, See statistical machine translation (SMT)

Solovova, O.

, 82

Somers, H. L.

, 29, 37

Soper, N.

, 19, 20

source language interference

, 76

Spain

, 11, 14

SPANAM/ENGSPAN system

, 22

statistical machine translation (SMT)

, 39, 43–44, 83

Strout-Dapaz, A.

, 34

structural ambiguity

, 47–48, See also ambiguity(ies)

noun stacking

, 48

prepositional phrase attachment

, 47–48

Stupiello, E. N. A.

, 83

sub-language approach

, 50–51

Sullivan, P.

, 92

Swales, J. M.

, 60

synonyms

, 68

synthetic languages

, 77

Systran machine translation system

, 38

Tanimoto, K.

, 18

Taylor, A. G.

, 51

Taylor & Francis

, 16, 17, 17t, 58

technological boom

, 8

technological determinism vs. technological instrumentalism

, 79–80

technological research

, 8

terminology

consistency in usage

, 67–68

legitimate synonyms

, 68

Texas Medical Center Library, Houston

, 24

texts, types of

, 63

Tietze, S.

, 18

translation(s)

costs/prices of

, 15–17, 17t

Elsevier on

, 15

in gig economy

, 18–20

machine.

, See machine translation

professional.

, See professional translation services

scientific

, 14–17

Translation Bureau, Canada

, 23

translation-friendly writing

, 55–77, 90–91

abbreviated forms to be avoided for

, 68–69

abstracts

, 72–76, 74t–75t

guidelines for

, 63–70

purpose of

, 62–63

translation memory systems

, 38–39, See also computer-aided translation tools

translation of scientific research

, 14–17

translators.

, See also translation(s)

Elsevier on

, 15

professional

, 17

visibility

, 83

unambiguous words

, 68

United Kingdom

, 10, 15

United States

, 9, 15

universities

English-taught programs

, 10

international students

, 10

libraries

, 57–58

University of Ottawa

, 10

University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine of

, 32

Van Dijk, T. A.

, 7

varieties, of English

, 11, 76

Varman, B.

, 24, 30, 33

Veríssimo. J.

, 82

Vieira, J.

, 82

vocabulary, controlled language

, 50, 51, 52

voice

, 64–65, See also active voice, passive voice

Wächter, B.

, 10

Weaver, W.

, 37–38

Weaver’s Memorandum

, 38

Wiley

, 16, 17, 17t, 58

Willey, I.

, 18

Wong, T. M.

, 28, 29, 31–32, 33, 34

word category ambiguity

, 46–47

wordiness

, 66

workshops

, 92, 93

World Englishes

, 11, 80

World War II

, 7, 22–23

Writing Scientific Research Articles (Cargill and O’Connor)

, 57