Index
Applying Partial Least Squares in Tourism and Hospitality Research
ISBN: 978-1-78756-700-9, eISBN: 978-1-78756-699-6
Publication date: 14 December 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2018), "Index", Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S.M. and Cobanoglu, C. (Ed.) Applying Partial Least Squares in Tourism and Hospitality Research, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-699-620181013
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers in italics refer to figures and in bold refer to tables.
agrotourism
, 111
antecedent composite scores
earliest vs. direct
, 40, 41
prediction
, 39
attitude
on behavioral intentions
, 156, 186, 189, 215
environmental conscious
, 190, 192
AVE.
, see average variance extracted
average-case predictions
, 36, 37
average variance extracted (AVE)
, 96, 195–6, 218
Baron-Kenny approach
, 60, 74
brand loyalty
, 214–18, 222, 225, 226
Brazil
gross domestic product (GDP)
, 109, 123
restaurant industry in
, 185
rural tourism (see rural tourism)
case-wise predictions
, 36
communication consistency
, 211, 212, 215–17, 222, 225, 226
compensation on employee retention
, 132
composite reliability (CR)
, 195, 196, 218
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
, 22
confirmatory tetrad analysis (CTA-PLS)
, 61
consistent partial least squares (PLSc)
, 21, 22, 58
construct reliability index (CRI)
, 118
consumers
and brand loyalty
, 225
emotional bonds
, 203
environmental
, 185, 189
non-environmental
, 189
perception of brand communication
, 211
rural tourism (Brazil)
, 111, 113
control variable
, 67
convergent validity
, 96
CR.
, see composite reliability
CRI.
, see construct reliability index
customer relationship management (CRM) activities
, 215
decisional roles
, 88–92, 89, 98, 99, 101
descriptive statistics
, 66, 66–7, 77
direct antecedents (DA) approach
, 40, 41, 44, 46
earliest antecedents (EA) approach
, 40, 41, 44, 46
eco-tourism
, 111
employee retention
, 130–2
employees
performance appraisal
, 133–4
training and development
, 132–3
work environment
, 134–5
endogenous composite scores
IS indicator scores
, 39
linear regression of
, 43
OOS indicator scores
, 39
prediction
, 39
environmental awareness functions
, 189–90
environmental conscious attitude
, 190
environmental consciousness
, 185–7
as moderator of behavior
, 189–90
research method
, 191
data analysis plan
, 191, 193
implication of research
, 200–3
limitation and directions for future studies
, 203–4
measurement instrument
, 192–3, 193
measurement model assessment
, 195–8, 197
multigroup analysis
, 200, 201, 202
sample and data collection
, 191–2
sample profile
, 193, 195, 196
finite mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS)
, 61
first-order constructs
, 67
formatively measured constructs
, 97–8, 99
formative measurement model
, 70, 71
Fornell–Lacker criterion
, 71
Gamma-Exponential method
, 2, 9–10
Gaussian copula approach
, 68
GDP.
, see gross domestic product
GoF Tenenhaus
, 72
Google Drivers Forms questionnaire tool
, 192
green consumer
, 187
green products
, 187
gross domestic product (GDP)
Brazil
, 109, 123
Malaysia
, 129
Harman’s single-factor test
, 137
Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio
, 21, 96, 97, 118, 138, 139, 160, 165, 197, 198, 212, 213
hierarchical component analysis
, 58–9
high-order constructs
, 67
hospitality, travel, and tourism (HTM) research
PLS-PM in
, 17–26
study between 2001 and 2018
, 18–20
hospitality research
partial least squares in
, 212–14
perceived service quality, brand loyalty, and communication in
, 214–16
research hypotheses and question
, 216–18
research method
, 217–18
data analysis and results
, 218
implications
, 225–6
measurement tool quality
, 218, 219, 220, 221, 221
model estimation and hypotheses testing
, 221–2, 222
multigroup analysis
, 222–3, 224, 225
HRM practices.
, see human resource management practices
HTMT ratio.
, see Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio
human resource management (HRM) practices
, 130
compensation
, 132
employees’ retention
, 130–1
performance appraisal
, 133–4
research framework
convergent validity
, 137
discriminant validity
, 137, 139
effect size assessment
, 141–3, 143
implications
, 144–5
limitations and suggestions
, 145
measurement
, 136–43, 138
participants and respondents’ profile
, 135–6, 136
predictive relevance assessment
, 143, 143
structural model
, 139–41, 140, 141, 142
variance test
, 137
social exchange theory
, 135
training and development
, 132–3
work environment
, 134–5
importance-performance map analysis (IPMA)
, 62
indicator reliability
, 95–6, 96
informational function of smartphone
, 90, 92
informational roles
, 88–94, 89, 98, 99, 101
in-sample (IS) data
, 36
vs. out-of-sample
, 41–2, 43
prediction
, 39
SmartPLS V3.2.7
, 49–50
integrated marketing communications (IMC) approach
, 211
internal consistency reliability
, 95–6, 96
International Labour Organization
, 130
interpersonal roles
, 88–91, 89, 98, 99, 101
inverse square root method
, 1, 6–9
iterative reweighted regressions segmentation method for PLS (PLS-IRRS)
, 61
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology (JHTT)
, 17, 62–3
Journal of Sustainable Tourism (2017)
, 2
k-Fold cross validation
, 42
Likert scales
, 2, 44, 116, 136, 159, 192, 217
maximum likelihood (ML) estimator
, 57
mean absolute error (MAE)
, 37, 43
mean bias
, 49
measured latent marker variable (MLMV) approach
, 68
measurement of the invariance of composite models (MICOM)
, 165, 200, 201, 214, 223
mediator
, 40, 44
metrics, predictive
, 40, 42–4
MGA.
, see multigroup analysis
MICOM.
, see measurement of the invariance of composite models (MICOM)
minimum R2 method
, 5–6, 6
minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM.
, see PLS-SEM
Mintzberg’s managerial role
, 86, 88–93, 89
moderation–mediation analysis
, 60
Monte Carlo simulation method
, 4–6, 11, 12
mood-relevant cues
, 155
multigroup analysis (MGA)
, 59–60, 159, 165, 171, 195
museums websites
implications
managerial
, 175–6
theoretical contributions
, 174–5
research method
data analysis process
, 159
descriptive analysis
, 160, 160–4
hypotheses testing
, 172
limitations and future research directions
, 176
measurement model assessment
, 160, 166–70
research design
, 158, 158
research instrument and experimental procedures
, 158–9
structural model and MGA
, 165, 171, 171, 172
trust as precondition of intentions
, 157
website quality
, 154–7
NEP.
, see New Ecological Paradigm
New Ecological Paradigm (NEP)
, 186, 192, 193, 200–1
NFI.
, see normed fit index
nonlinear iterative partial least squares
, 59
non-symmetrical composite-based path modeling
, 62
normed fit index (NFI)
, 58, 77, 198
Observatory for Rural Tourism (OTR) in Spain
, 112
OECD.
, see Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ordinal consistent PLS (OrdPLSc)
, 21, 58
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 109
out-of-sample (OOS) data
, 36
aggregate error metrics
, 37
indicator scores, prediction
, 39
in-sample vs.
, 41–2, 43
partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM)
, 20–1, 35, 193
additional considerations
, 74–5, 75
advances
, 54, 57–62
capabilities
, 53–4
causal research
, 22–3
composite model
, 37–40, 38
confirmatory tetrad analysis
, 61
consistent PLS
, 58
descriptive research
, 24
descriptive statistics
, 66, 66–7, 77
development
, 75–7
discussion and implications
, 25–6
exploratory research
, 24–5
formative measurement model
, 70, 71, 77
general reporting standards
, 75, 76
gestation period
, 54
hierarchical component analysis
, 58–9
in HRM
, 54
importance-performance map analysis
, 62
issues
, 63–77
logical reasoning
, 75, 77
methodology
, 62–3
moderation–mediation analysis
, 60
multigroup analysis
, 59–60
nonlinear analysis
, 59
for prediction
, 61–2
predictions from
, 38–40
predictive research
, 23–4
reasons for using
, 64–5, 65
reflective measurement metrics
, 70–1, 72
reporting standards
, 57
sampling characteristics
, 68, 69
sampling data
, 77
saturated structural model
, 22
software
, 77
structural model metrics
, 72, 73–4, 77
study between 2010–2017
, 62, 63
study from business disciplines
, 54, 55–6
supplementary analyses
, 74–5, 75
technical reporting
, 68, 70
unobserved heterogeneity
, 61
partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)
, 86, 95, 104, 116, 139, 159, 165
minimum sample size estimation in
10-times rule method
, 1, 5, 13
after data collection and analysis
, 11–12
before data collection and analysis
, 12–13
effect size
, 3
Gamma-Exponential method
, 2, 9–10
illustrative model
, 2, 2–3
inverse square root method
, 1, 6–9
minimum R2 method
, 5–6, 6
Monte Carlo simulation method
, 4
power
, 3
WarpPLS 6.0
, 2, 10, 10–11, 14
perceived attractiveness
, 155
perceived critical mass (PCM)
, 86, 88
performance appraisal, employees
, 133–4
PLS.
, see partial least squares
PLSc.
, see consistent partial least squares
PLSGraph
, 68
PLS-PM.
, see partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM)
PLSpredict algorithm
, 38, 40, 44
empirical model
, 44–51
PLS-SEM.
, see partial least squares-structural equation modeling
Prado Museum website
, 154, 171, 173
prediction-oriented segmentation (PLS-POS)
, 61
predictions
benchmarks
, 43–4
cross validation
, 42
empirical model
, 44–51
evaluating from PLS models
, 40–4
generation
, 37–40
in-sample vs. out-of-sample
, 41–2, 43
LM benchmark
, 46, 47–8
metrics
, 40, 42–4
outcome values
, 36–7
performance
, 44
PLS path modeling
, 35
proposed vs. alternative models
, 46
residuals
, 49, 49
SmartPLS V3.2.7
, 45, 46
training
, 36
predictive error
, 44
predictive validity
, 37, 49–50
R2, predictive metrics
, 43
random partitioning of data
, 38–9
really simple syndication (RSS)
, 90
reflectively measured constructs
, 95–7
reflective measurement metrics
, 70–1, 72
Reina Sofia Museum website
, 154, 171, 173
reporting standards
formative measurement model
, 70, 71
general
, 75, 76
reflective measurement metrics
, 70–1, 72
structural model metrics
, 72, 73–4, 77
technical reporting
, 68, 70
resource-management function, of smartphone
, 87, 91
RMSE.
, see root mean square error
root mean square error (RMSE)
, 37, 42–4
rural accommodation establishments
, 110
rural tourism (Brazil)
, 109, 110
and customer loyalty
, 113
economic benefits
, 111
“holiday experience”
, 112
hypothesis development
, 113–14, 115
methodological study
control variables
, 116
data analysis
, 116–17
measurement model
, 117, 117–18, 118
structural model
, 118–20, 119, 120, 120, 121
survey development
, 115–16
motivations for
, 112–13, 121
research model and purchase frequency
, 115
and rural development
, 111
sampling characteristics
, 68, 69
SEM.
, see structural equation modeling
SET.
, see social exchange theory
smart-computing functions
, 88–93, 89
smartphone dependence
, 86, 87–8
smartphones in hospitality industry
antecedents
, 87–8
computing tools
, 85–6
correlation matrix and discriminant validity
, 97
cross-sectional data collection approach
analytical method
, 95
common method bias
, 94–5
formatively measured constructs
, 97–8
hypothesis testing
, 100, 102
measurement
, 94
reflectively measured constructs
, 95–7
results
, 95
sample
, 93–4
structural model test
, 98–101
implications
, 101–2
methodology
, 104
practice
, 103–4
theory
, 102–3
limitation and future study
, 104–5
Mintzberg’s managerial role performance
, 88–93, 89
usage
, 87
SmartPLS
, 159
SmartPLS 3
, 218
SmartPLS 3.0
, 116, 218, 222
SmartPLS 3.2.7
, 193
SmartPLS 3
, 95
SmartPLS V 3.2.7
, 40, 45, 46, 49–50
SNS.
, see social networking service
Sobel test
, 60, 74
social exchange theory (SET)
, 130, 132–5, 144
social networking function
, 91
social networking service (SNS)
, 90–1
Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)
, 17
Spain
museums in
, 154
Observatory for Rural Tourism (OTR) in
, 112
SRMR.
, see standardized root mean square residual
standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)
, 21, 22, 58, 77, 198
structural equation modeling (SEM)
, 17, 116, 193
structural model metrics
, 72, 73–4, 77
superstar museum websites
, 153, 154, 175
Support for Tourism Development
, 46, 49–51, 50
technical reporting
, 68, 70
10-times rule method
, 1, 5, 13
Tetrad program
, 61
theory-driven predictions
, 37
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
, 190
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
, 190
TPB.
, see Theory of Planned Behavior
TRA.
, see Theory of Reasoned Action
trained model
, 36
training data
, 36
training model estimation
, 39
training set
, 38–9
two-stage least squares (2SLS)
, 68
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 2, 3
unobserved heterogeneity
, 61
variance accounted for (VAF)
, 60, 74
variance inflation factors (VIFs)
, 97, 98, 193
visual appearance
, 155
WarpPLS
, 68
WarpPLS 6.0
, 2, 10, 10–11, 14
website quality
, 154–5, 155–7
WHS.
, see World Heritage Site
Wold, Herman O. A.
, 17, 57
work environment, employees
, 134–5, 141
World Heritage Site (WHS)
, 2, 3
World Tourism Organization (WTO)
, 109
XLSTAT-PLSPM
, 68
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Minimum Sample Size Estimation in PLS-SEM: An Application in Tourism and Hospitality Research
- Chapter 2 New Guidelines for the Use of PLS Path Modeling in Hospitality, Travel, and Tourism Research
- Chapter 3 Predictions from Partial Least Squares Models
- Chapter 4 PLS Path Modeling in Hospitality and Tourism Research: The Golden Age and Days of Future Past
- Chapter 5 Hotel Employees’ Use of Smartphones and Performance: Reflective–Formative Estimation Approach
- Chapter 6 Loyalty to Rural Tourism in Brazil: The Moderating Effect of the Purchase Frequency
- Chapter 7 HRM Practices and Employee Retention: The Moderating Effect of Work Environment
- Chapter 8 Do Museums’ Websites Boost Visitors’ Intentions? A PLS Multigroup Comparison
- Chapter 9 The Effect of High and Low Environmental Consciousness Regarding Brazilian Restaurants: A Multigroup Analysis Using PLS
- Chapter 10 Analyzing the Effects of Online and Offline Communication in the Hotel and Restaurant Industry: The PLS Approach
- About the Editors
- Index