Abbott and Costello

, 25

Aerogaviota

, 75

Aeromarine West Indies Airways

, 15

African slave trade

, 6

Air China Ltd.

, 97

All-inclusive resorts

, 107–109

American agricultural markets

, 101

American Airlines

, 85

American Mafia

, 21, 36

See also Mafia

Anguilla

, 117

“Apostle of Cuban Independence” See Marti, José

Arnaz, Desi

, 19

Ash, Carola

, 27

Atlantic slave trade

, 6

Bacardi Company

, 5, 11–12

Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs)

, 115

Baker, Josephine

, 19

Ball, Lucille

, 19

Bank for Economic and Social Development (BANDES)

, 25

Batista, Fulgencio

, 8, 17–29

American Mafia and

, 21, 36

corruption and

, 35

“dictatorship with the people”

, 20

gaming and tourism industry and

, 21–23, 119

Ley Hotelera (Hotel Law) 2074 and

, 24–25

Meyer Lansky and

, 23–29

military career of

, 17

populist actions of

, 18

as President of Cuba

, 18

as radical reforming soldier/politician

, 17–18

Battisti, Amleto

, 37

Battle of Dos Ríos

, 9

Bay of Pigs invasion

, 95, 115

Beijing Enterprises Holdings Ltd.

, 97

Belize

, 117

Bennett, Tony

, 26

Berlin Wall

, 54

Bonache, J.

, 61

Brazil

, 102, 118

Bush, George W.

, 71

Cabaret Quarterly

, 28

Camp Columbia

, 20

Campismo Popular (Popular Camping)

, 76

Caribbean tourism trade

, 18

Carnival Cruise Lines

, 85, 110

Carnival Paradise

, 110, 112

Casa de los Cosmonautos (House of the Cosmonauts)

, 48

Casas, Bartolome de las

, 6

Casino gaming

, 119–120

Castillo de los Tres Reyes Magos del Morro (Fort Morro)

, 7

Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca

, 7–8

Castro, Fidel

, 8, 13, 31, 38

casinos and

, 38–42

China’s invasion of Vietnam and

, 95

Communist leanings of

, 42

humanitarian crisis and

, 60

international tourism and

, 42–43

nationalization and expropriation of private property

, 42

prostitution and

, 46

ragtag populist movement of

, 31

rise to power

, 8, 43, 88

Soviets and rebirth (of sorts) for tourism and

, 46–52

transfer of control by

, 78

Castro, Raul

, 75, 78, 81, 87–88

Cayo Largo

, 75, 110

Cayo Redondo

, 3

Cervino, J.

, 61

Chase, Patrick

, 27

Chavez, Hugo

, 93

China

, 95–97

Bay of Pigs invasion and

, 95

bicycles purchase by Cuba from

, 59, 93, 96

Cuban missile crisis and

, 95

invasion of Vietnam

, 95

“One China” policy

, 95

China Communications Construction Company Ltd.

, 113

Christianity

, 4

Churchill, Winston

, 19

Ciboney migrants

, 3

Cienfuegos

, 45, 74, 106, 110, 111, 112

Cigars

, 6, 12, 19, 48, 70, 85, 99, 119

Cold War

, 93–94

Cole, Nat King

, 26

Columbus, Christopher

, 3–4, 6–7

Communist Party

, 18

Compania Aerea de Cuba (CAC)

, 14

Compania Cubana Nacional de Aviacion Curtiss

, 14

Cooper, Gary

, 26

Copacabana (nightclub)

, 21

Costa Rica

, 117

Cruise tourism

, 109–113

Cuba

early years

, 3–11

gaining Approved Destination Status (ADS) from Chinese government

, 96

Jardines de la Reina (Gardens of the Queen) National Marine Park

, 117

National Assembly of People’s Power

, 105

as place of mystery and romanticism

, 108

pre-Columbian history

, 3

Cubanacan

, 75

Cubana de Aviacion

, 14

Cuban Americans

, 81

Cuban-American Treaty of Relations

, 11

Cuban Armed Forces

, 75

Cuban economic crisis

, 60

Cuban missile crisis

, 95

Cuban nationalism

, 8

Cuban Revolutionary Party

, 9

Cuban War of Independence

, 8, 9–10

CUC (Cuban Convertible Peso)

CUP (Cuban National Peso)

Daiquiri

, 19, 25, 26, 48, 85, 99

Damone, Vic

, 25

de Cespedes, Carlos Manuel

, 9

Decree Law No.

, 50, 64

Delta Airlines

, 85

de Ocampo, Sebastian

, 4

Departamiento de Playas para el Pueblo (Department of Beaches for the People)

, 43

Diaz-Canel, Miguel

, 87–88, 90–93

Diego Velazquez de Cuellar

, 6

Dietrich, Marlene

, 26

Disneyland

, 21

“Doctors for Oil” program

, 118

Domingo Rosillo del Tora

, 14

Dominica

, 116

Dorsey, Tommy

, 26

Dr. Ramon Grau San Martin

, 17–19

Dual currency

, 104–105

DuPont, Irenee

, 22

Economic and service realities

, 99–104

Ecotourism

, 116–118

Anguilla

, 117

Belize

, 117

Costa Rica

, 117

Dominica

, 116

Ecotourism-themed excursions

, 117

Eighteenth Amendment

, 11

See also Prohibition

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

, 42

El Grupo de Cubanacan (Cubanacan Group)

, 64, 66, 70, 75, 115

El Floridita

, 13, 26, 99

Empress of the Seas

, 112, 113

Encomienda

, 4

Era of decadence

, 17–31

Batista

, 17–29

makings of a Revolution

, 30–31

European colonialism

, 4

European Union

, 105

Fathom Adonia

, 85–86

FINFAR (Ministry of the Armed Forces)

, 75

First tourists

, 3–16

Fleming, Ian

, 101

Flynn, Errol

, 26

Food rationing

, 53–54

Foreign direct investments (FDIs)

, 105–106

Foreign investment

Decree Law No. 50 and

, 63

dual-currency system and

, 105

in early 1990s

, 96

Foreign Investment Law (Law No. 77) and

, 66

opportunities and challenges

, 105–106

Foreign Investment Law (Law No. 77)

, 66

Formatur schools

, 69–70

Free and independent traveler (FIT)

, 113–114

French-Haitian refugees

, 8

Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar. See Batista, Fulencio

Gaceta Oficial de la Republica de Cuba (Official Gazette of the Republic of Cuba)

, 41

Galbis, Ricardo

, 22

Gardner, Ava

, 26

“Golden Age of Cuban Tourism”

, 11–16

Golf

, 22, 26, 73, 86, 106

Goodman, Benny

, 26

Gorbachev, Mikhail

, 51

Gran Caribe

, 75

Gran Casino Nacional

, 24

Granma newspaper

, 78

Great Depression

, 15

Great Miami Hurricane

, 12

See also Hurricane Seven

Great Recession of 2008-2009

, 79

Green, Graham

, 29

Growth opportunities

all-inclusive resorts

, 107–109

casino gaming

, 119–120

cruise tourism

, 109–113

ecotourism

, 116–118

free and independent traveler (FIT)

, 113–114

health tourism

, 118

historic and heritage tourism

, 114–116

Grupo de Administracion Empresarial, SA (GAESA)

, 87

Grupo de Turismo Gaviota

, 66, 75-76, 96

Grupo Horizontes

, 66

Grupo Hotelero Gran Caribe

, 66

Grupo Hotelero Islazul

, 66

Guantanamo, Bay

, 11

Guayabo Blanco Neolithic culture

, 3

Guevara, Che

, 31

Guerilla warfare

, 5

Habaguanex

, 75–76

Habana Hilton Hotel

, 24–25, 30, 38, 40

See also Hotel Habana Libre

Habana Vieja

, 74, 75, 114

See also Old Havana

Haitian revolution

, 8

Half Moon Resort

, 20

Hatuey, Taino chief

, 4–6

Hatuey beer

, 5, 12

Havana Bay tunnel

, 38

Havana Harbor

, 7, 10, 85, 112–113

Havana Special

, 13

Health tourism

, 118

Helms-Burton Act

, 89

See also Libertad Act of 1996

Hemingway, Ernest “Papa”

, 19, 26

Heritage tourism

, 114–116

Hershey, Milton

, 116

Hershey sugar mill

, 116

Heyn, Piet

, 7

Hilton, Conrad

, 19

Historic tourism

, 114–116

Holland American Line

, 110

Horizontes

, 75

Hotel Capri

, 25, 36, 37, 39

Hotel Habana Libre

, 38, 75, 119

Hotel International

, 22–23

Hotel Nacional

, 15, 19, 25, 38, 87, 99

Hotel Riviera

, 24, 30, 37, 60

Hotel Seville

, 75, 119

Hotel Triton

, 49, 50

House of the Cosmonauts

, 48–49

See also Casa de los Cosmonautos

Hurricane Irma

, 101, 103

Hurricane Seven

, 12

See also Great Miami Hurricane

I Love Lucy

, 19

Indian Head Brewery

, 5

Instituto Nacional de la Industria Turistica (National Institute of the Tourist Industry [INIT])

, 43–45

Iron Curtain

, 48

Islazul

, 75

Isle of Youth (Isla de la Juventud)

, 110, 119

Issa, Abe

, 107

Jamaica

, 20, 40, 77, 101, 111

Jardines de la Reina (Gardens of the Queen) National Marine Park

, 117

Jet Blue

, 85

Jineteras (Prostitutes)

, 70

Karl Marx Theatre

, 55

Kennedy, John F.

, 26, 42

Kerry, John

, 81

Key West

, 13–15, 38

Khan, Kubla

, 22

Khrushchev, Mikael

, 42

Labor Day Hurricane

, 13

Laguna del Tesoro (Treasure Lagoon)

, 117

Lamour, Dorothy

, 19

Lansky, Meyer

, 21, 23–29, 37, 41, 119

Las Terrazas

, 76

Las Vegas

, 25, 30, 119

Lepisto, Bob

, 110

Ley Hotelera (Hotel Law) 2074

, 24–25

Libertad Act of 1996

, 89

See also Helms-Burton Act

The Little War

, 8

Mafia

, 21, 36, 119

See also American Mafia

Malecon

, 15, 25, 36, 85, 87, 103, 112

Malin, Jay

, 28

Martí, José

, 9

Marxist–Leninist conventions

, 51

Mass murders

, 4

Medical tourism

, 118

Melia Cohiba

, 64, 65

Mesoamerican cultures

, 3

Mikoyan, Anastas

, 46

Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR)

, 66, 67, 69, 73, 75–76

Miramar

, 23, 30, 35, 36, 49

Miranda, Roberto Fernandez

, 35

Mojito

, 25, 26, 29, 48, 85, 99

Montmartre Club

, 25

ms Veendam

, 110

Munson Steamship Line

, 13

Museo de la Revolucion (Museum of the Revolution)

, 115

Museum Giron

, 115

Myngs, Sir Christopher

, 8

National lottery

, 21

National Program for Economic Action

, 24

National tourism

, 43, 44, 45, 66

National Tourism Commission, Cuba

, 12

National vacation program

, 50

New World

, 4, 6

New Year’s Day 1959

, 35–38

New Year’s Eve 1958

, 41

New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company

, 13

See also Ward Line

North Korea

, 119

Norwegian Cruise Line

, 110

Obama, Barack

, 81–82, 85, 89, 91

Oceania Cruises

, 110

The Old Man and the Sea (Hemingway)

, 26

“One China” policy

, 95

Pact of Zanjon

, 9

Palma, Tomas Estrada

, 11

Pam Am. See Pan American Airways

Panama Canal

, 10

Pan American Airways

, 12, 14

Peninsular and Occidental (P&O) Steamship Company

, 13

Platt Amendment

, 10, 17, 30

essential features of

, 10–11

signing of

, 11

Playboy

, 27

Political and economic environment

, 85–97

Cuba’s new suitors

, 93–97

new players in the game

, 86–88

political possibilities

, 89–93

Political possibilities

, 89–93

Diaz-Canel opening door and inviting US to enter

, 90–93

Trump throwing open door and welcoming Cuba

, 89

Pope Alexander VI

, 4

Prio, Carlos

, 19

Prohibition

, 11, 16

See also Eighteenth Amendment

Prostitution

, 28, 29, 30, 46, 48, 70

Puerto Rico

, 10, 19, 20, 23

Putin, Vladimir

, 94–95

Raft, George

, 36

Rapprochement

, 80–82

Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Geronimo de la Habana (Royal and Pontifical University of Saint Jerome of Havana)

, 8

Regent Seven Seas Cruises

, 110

Renta de la Loteria

, 21

Repartimiento

, 4

Republic of Cuba

, 9, 10, 41

Revolution and tourism

, 35–52

New Year’s Day 1959

, 35–38

Soviets and rebirth (of sorts) for tourism

, 46–52

tide beginning to turn

, 38–42

Revolutionary idealism

, 8

Ribalaigua, Constantino

, 13

Riviera Hotel Company

, 25

Riviera Maya

, 100, 101

Rogers, Ginger

, 25

Round Hill

, 20

Royal Caribbean International

, 110, 112

Russia

, 48, 93–95

Salon Rojo (Red Room) Casino

, 36

Sandals Resorts

, 101

Sans Souci

, 19, 24, 26

Santa Clara

, 31, 85

Santa Ifigenia Cemetery

, 9

Santiago Brewing Company

, 5

Santiago de Cuba

, 7, 8, 9, 38, 45, 74, 85, 106, 110, 112, 113, 115

Saturday Evening Post

, 23

SeaDream II

, 110

SeaDream Yacht Club

, 110

September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

, 63

Servicios Medicos Cubanos (SMC)

, 118

See also Servimed

Servimed

, 118

See also Servicios Medicos Cubanos (SMC)

Sex industry

, 29

Shanghai Theatre

, 29

Sinatra, Frank

, 19, 26

Slavery

, 6, 9

Sloppy Joe’s

, 28, 87

Socarras, Carlos Prio

, 19

Sol Melia

, 64

Sol Palmeras

, 64, 65, 114

Southwest Airlines

, 85

Soviets, and rebirth (of sorts) for tourism

, 46–52

Soviet Union

bartering arrangements between Cuba and

, 50–51

collapse of

, 90

Cuba, arrival to

, 42, 46

Cuban sugar output and

, 116

Cuba’s reliance on

, 57–58

dismantling of

, 48, 52, 53, 79, 90–91, 93, 95–105

Spain

, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 17, 67, 68, 72, 76, 102

Spanish-American War

, 9–10

Spanish Empire

, 7

Special Period

, 53–72

Spirit Airlines

, 85

SS Florida

, 13

Star Clipper Cruises

, 111

Stewart, Gordon “Butch”

, 107

Sugar industry

, 7–8, 21, 24, 42, 51, 54–55, 115–116

Suntime

, 97

Symphony of the Seas

, 112

Taino people

, 3–4, 6

Taylor, Samuel

, 22

“Ten Million Ton Sugar Harvest”

, 48

Ten Years War

, 8, 9

Thomas, Hugh

, 46

Tourist development regions

Havana

, 74

Jardines del Rey

, 74

Los Canarreos

, 75

North Camaguey

, 74

Northern Coast of Holguin

, 74

Santiago de Cuba

, 74

South Central Coast

, 74

Varadero

, 74

Tracy, Spencer

, 26

Trading with the Enemy Act

, 42

Transgaviota

, 75

Trinidad

, 115

“Triumph of the Revolution”

, 116

Tropicana (nightclub)

, 19, 21, 23, 26–27, 29, 39, 48

Trump, Donald

, 86–87, 88, 89–90

UNESCO

, 76

World Heritage Site

, 8, 74, 115, 117

UNICEF

, 57

United States

China and

, 95–96

Cuban independence and

, 10–11

Miguel Diaz-Canel and

, 90–93

relations between Cuba and

, 80–90

September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

, 63

Spain and

, 9–10

Spanish-American War and

, 10

sugar trade with Cuba

, 115–116

Universidad de La Habana (University of Havana)

, 8

US Congress

, 10, 85

US Constitution

, 11

USS Maine

, 10

US State Department

, 103

US Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control

, 81

Vaccaro Brothers & Company Line

, 13

Varadero

, 22, 23, 44, 48, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 75, 85, 96, 101, 104, 106, 108, 109, 115, 116

Vedado

, 30, 35, 36

Velie, Lester

, 23

Venezuela

, 72, 90–91, 93–96, 118

Via Blanca (White Way) highway

, 21–22

Victory 1

, 110

Victory Cruise Lines

, 110

Vietnam

, 95, 119

Villanueva, Ricardo

, 46

Ward Line

, 13

See also New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company

William Soler Children’s Hospital

, 118

World War II

, 14, 16

Xanadu

, 22