Index
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Citation
Nenonen, S. and Storbacka, K. (2018), "Index", Smash, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-797-520181006
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Abundance mentality
, 164
Academy Awards
, 126
Actor competency
, 39
Actors and their roles
, 42, 107–114
adding/removing players
, 108–109
drawing map of network
, 107–108
educating customers and other partners
, 114–115
fostering emergence of competitors
, 110–111
modifying roles
, 112–114
Adobe
, 132
Aerobic exercise
, 146
Aerobics industry
, 146
Agenda construction for shared purpose
, 238
AirBnB
, 188
Alahuhta, Matti
, 199–202, 209
Alcatel-Lucent
, 245
Alibaba
, 187
Amazon
, 187
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
, 131
Ancillary language and concepts
, 120–122
Android operating system
, 239
Ansoff, Igor
, 57
API (Application Programming Interface)
, 202
Apple
, 2, 8, 9, 235
fast-follower strategy
, 155–156
iPod business
, 73
Mac
, 73
minimum viable system
, 162
MP3 player market
, 155
Arena generator. See Business arena generator
Arts
metaphors from
, 230–231
as positive-sum games
, 230
As-a-service contracts
, 181–182
As-a-service play
, 180–182
service context
, 181–182
tangible goods context
, 180–181
Associations
, 126–129
Auckland, New Zealand
, 146
Aviva
, 187–188
Awards
, 126–129
Barrett, Frank
, 231
Benioff, Marc
, 228
BetaMax
, 132
Better Mousetrap Syndrome
, 178
Bezos, Jeff
, 187
Big Oil
, 116
Black box thinking
, 20
Bluetooth Coalition
, 238
BodyPump
, 147
BoKlok
, 65–66
Bookabach
, 104
Booking.com
, 187
Boston Consulting Group
, 37
Brainstorming, business definitions
, 57–58
zooming in
, 73–86
zooming out
, 58–73, 60f
Brand ownership
, 81
BreadTalk
, 185
Bricks-and-mortar matching methods
, 105–106, 187
Bridging concepts
, 123
Bright Horizons
, 71–72
Burgelman, Robert
, 21
Business arena generator
, 75–85, 75f
brand ownership
, 81
customer segments
, 79–80
customized/targeted data for arena analysis
, 82–84
distribution channel
, 80
end use/application
, 81
geography
, 79
identifying interesting arenas
, 81–82
price
, 80–81
prioritization
, 84–85
products/services
, 79
time
, 80
value chain position
, 80
Business definitions
, 41, 51–58
brainstorming
, 57–58
casting out the worm of product
, 56
frames
, 53–55
polishing and pointing
, 57
zooming in
, 73–86
zooming out
, 58–73, 60f
Buyer-finds-seller matching
, 187–188
Camp, Garrett
, 9–10
Capabilities
defined
, 61
network
, 62–66
resources and
, 61–62
Capital expenditure
as-a-service lowering
, 180–182
Casey, Jim
, 49, 50, 54–55, 213
Chateau Margaux
, 140
Christensen, Clayton
, 184
Collaboration
platforms for
, 239–241
as win-win-win strategy
, 166–169
Collaborative sense-making, dialogue for
, 228
Complacency
, 213
Complex adaptive system (CAS)
, 25–29
See also Markets/market system
Conceptual extensions
, 122–123
Confederation of Finnish Construction Industries
, 128–129
Constructive paranoia
, 213–215
Consumer practices
, 68–69
Containerization
, 133
Coor
, 172–173, 186
Credibility building
, 237–241
Credit cards
, 237
CRM. See Customer relationship management (CRM)
Customer-oriented zooming out
, 66–69
B2B
, 66–67
B2C
, 68–69
Customer preferences
industry conventions as an obstacle to
, 141–142
making product/service desirable by influencing
, 139–141
Customer processes
to consumer practices
, 68–69
improving
, 66–67
Customer relationship management (CRM)
, 228
Customers’ customers
, 70
Customer segments
, 79–80
Customized/targeted data for arena analysis
, 82–84
Dell Computers
, 109
Dialogue for collaborative sense-making
, 228–229
Diamond, Jared
, 214
Didi Chuxing
, 14
Digitalization, and matching methods
, 103–105
Digital revolution
, 239
Disruptive economics
, 182–184
Disruptive innovations
, 182–183, 184
Distribution channel
, 80
Dow Corning
, 104–105
Durkheim, Emile
, 138
Earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand
, 151
Economic profit
, 16
Edison, Thomas Alva
, 234–235
Edison Electric Company
, 234
Edison Illuminating Company
, 234
E-invoicing
, 165
Electricity Act of India (2003)
, 135
Electronic games
, 244
Ellis, William Webb
, 230
Elop, Stephen
, 5–6, 9, 11, 17, 26
Emergence
encouraging
, 224–225
fostering and exploiting
, 223–225
End use/application
, 81
Engagement
, 206, 235–245
building credibility
, 237–241
in complex environments
, 235
decoupling leadership
, 235
intraorganizational alignment
, 235
meaning of
, 235
orchestration
, 241–243
pivoting
, 243–245
resource mobilization
, 236–237
Ericsson
, 3, 172
ERoaming
, 116
European Committee for Standardization
, 131
Events
, 126–129
Exchange
, 94–106
matching methods
, 103–106
pricing
, 99–102
sales item
, 95–99
Exchange interface relocation
, 170–175
bundling and unbundling of sales item
, 173–175
price tag to non-monetized activities
, 171–173
See also Generic market-shaping plays
Exchange layer
, 41–42
Exchange value
, 18, 19
obsession with, misses the opportunities of growing use value
, 23
Expedia
, 187
Experimentation
, 205, 215–225
affordable loss
, 219–220
at boundaries
, 216–218
emergence
, 223–225
investments
, 219–221
as method for learning
, 216
recognizing and ending failed experiments
, 218
resource re-allocations
, 219
rigorous processes
, 216–217
safe-to-fail environment
, 221–223
Exploration
, 205, 207–215
challenging existing beliefs and business models
, 212–213
constructive paranoia
, 213–214
cultivating diverse perspectives
, 212–215
pre-mortems
, 215
triangulation and peripheral vision
, 208–212
Expression
, 206, 225–235
as art
, 226–228
labeling
, 232–233
metaphors
, 229–231
symbolic actions
, 233
Facebook
, 154
Fair Dinkum Shed
, 113–114
Fast-follower strategy
, 153–156
Fast-food restaurants
, 183–184
Fermi, Enrico
, 223
Finnish Timber Council
, 128
Finnish Wood Research
, 128
Firebreaks
, 222
First International Screw Cap Symposium
, 142
Fonda, Jane
, 146
Fondia
, 181, 232–233
Fonterra Foodservice
, 179
Frame-storming
, 58
FRANK by OCBC
, 105–106
Freestyle
, 146
Game layer, rules for
, 44
Gasoline-driven automobile
, 239
General Motors
, 61
Generic market-shaping plays
, 169–195, 170f
breaking supply and efficiency bottlenecks
, 189–195
concept
, 170
delivering step-change in use value
, 176–179
exchange interface relocation
, 170–175
matching methods
, 186–188
turning non-users/non-payers into customers
, 184–186
using market-widening pricing
, 179–184
widening customer catchment area
, 184–188
Geography, business arena and
, 79
Gladwell, Malcolm
, 210
Global System for Mobile Communications Standard (GSM)
, 2, 6
See also 2G
Google Buzz
, 218
Google Inc.
, 178
search engine
, 71
Google Reader
, 218
Google Wave
, 218
Great Recession
, 13
Grosset, Jeffrey
, 141
Grove, Andrew “Andy”
, 213–214
GSM. See Global System for Mobile Communications Standard (GSM)
Gutenberg, Johannes
, 182–183
Harford, Tim
, 222
Healthcare market
, 43
Hendrik, Toomas
, 137
Hewlett-Packard
, 244
Homebrew Computing Club
, 239
Household work
, 171–172
IBM
customers’ processes
, 66
Smarter Planet
, 229
IETF. See Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
IKEA
, 37, 184
Skanska and
, 65–66
India
Electricity Act (2003)
, 135
National Electricity Policy
, 136
Wärtsilä in
, 135–136
Inditex
, 109
Industrial organization
, 16
Industry associations
, 128–129
Industry self-regulation
, 137–138
Industry view
, 15–16
Information
, 123–126
media
, 124–125
research and statistics
, 125–126
See also Representations layer
Infrastructure
, 43, 115–117
influencing others for building
, 117
investment in
, 115
separate business opportunity from lack of
, 116–117
Innovating technology
, 38
Instagram
, 154
Intel
, 70–71
Intellectual property (IP) rights
, 132–133
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
, 131
International Screw Cap Seal Initiative
, 142
International SOS
, 109–110
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
, 131
Invoices
e-invoicing
, 165
manual processing of
, 164–165
IPhone
, 2, 4, 5
IPod
, 73
ISO. See International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Ive, Jonathan
, 235
Jay Z
, 69
Jazz
, 231–232
JCDecaux
, 64, 71
Jobs, Steve
, 8, 235
Kahneman, Daniel
, 22, 99–100, 171
Kaizen system
, 62
Kalanick, Travis
, 9–10, 13
Kallasvuo, Olli-Pekka
, 1–2, 4
Kamprad, Ingvar
, 65
Khan, Kublai
, 94
Know-how
, 42, 112–115
KONE
API Challenge
, 202
business definition
, 52–53
events and awards
, 127–128
as globally integrated organization
, 199
leadership
, 199–202
People Flow
, 53, 127–128, 201–202
R&D engineers
, 200–201
Labeling, claiming market by
, 232–233
Language
, 228–231
ancillary language and concepts
, 120–122
bridging concepts
, 123
conceptual extensions
, 122–123
generic names
, 120
trademarks
, 119
See also Metaphors
Leaders, and leadership
, 236
Leadership
building credibility
, 237–241
challenging existing beliefs and business models
, 213
constructive paranoia
, 213–214
cultivating diverse perspectives
, 212–215
engagement
, 206, 235–245
See also Engagement
experimentation
, 205, 215–225
See also Experimentation
exploration
, 205, 207–215
See also Exploration
expression
, 206, 225–235
See also Expression
informing about resource potential
, 204–205
KONE
, 199–202
leaders and
, 236
looking around approach
, 205, 207–215
market shaping traits
, 203–204, 204f
orchestration
, 241–243
performing/enacting new market
, 205–206
pivoting
, 243–245
pre-mortems and prospective hindsight
, 215
probing and responding
, 205
redefining
, 203–206
resource mobilization
, 236–237
Lead users
, 238–239
Lee, Katherine
, 185
Les Mills International
, 145–149
background
, 146–147
BodyPump
, 147, 148, 149
instructors
, 148–149
regional distribution rights
, 148
Les Mills On Demand
, 149
Levitt, Theodore
, 57
Lewin, Kurt
, 215–216
Life insurance companies
, 187–188
Linux operating system
, 239
London Wine Fair (2002)
, 141–142
Low-cost airlines
, 183
Lower prices for disruptive economics
, 182–184
Ma, Jack
, 187
Mac
, 73
MacLean, Malcolm
, 133
Market Fan
, 39–45, 42f
business definition
, 41
exchange layer
, 41–42
network layer
, 42–43
representations layer
, 41, 43–44
rules of game
, 41, 44
Market making, as market shaping
, 35
Market orientation
, 21–22
Market rebels
, 239
Market segmentation
, 74–75
Market shaping
, 32–39
concept
, 32, 34–35
environments
, 38
FAQs
, 36–38
firms practicing
, 37–38
main ingredients for
, 36
mainstream strategic thinking vs. strategies of
, 36–37
market making as
, 35
Markets/market system
, 14–31
black box thinking
, 20
complex adaptive system (CAS)
, 25–28
exchange for value creation
, 29
human agents
, 30–31
industry view
, 15–16
misconception
, 17
poor market view
, 20–24
product market view
, 17–20
rich reality of
, 24–31
as social system
, 30
Matching methods
, 103–106
bricks-and-mortar
, 105–106, 187
buyer-finds-seller matching
, 187
digitalization
, 103–105
passive information mediators
, 186
wider or safer
, 186–188
McDonalds
, 183
McKinsey & Company
, 16, 72, 150–151
Media
, 124–125
MeeGo
, 4
Merchant Parcel Delivery
, 50
See also UPS
Metaphors
, 122, 229–231
arts and
, 231
zero sum to positive-sum game
, 230
MetLife
, 187
Microsoft
, 2
Mills, Leslie Royce
, 145–149
Mills, Phillip
, 146–147
Minimum viable system, win-win-win strategies in
, 158–163
Moore, Mike
, 134
Motorola
, 3
MP3 player market
, 155–156
Myspace
, 154
Napster
, 69
Nash, Ogden
, 229
National Electricity Policy of India (2012)
, 136
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
, 123
Nelson, Kent “Oz”
, 50
Nespresso
, 109
Nestlé
, 109
Network-based zooming out
, 62–66
Network layer
, 41, 42–43, 106–117
actors and their roles
, 42–43, 107–115
infrastructure
, 115–117
know-how
, 42, 112–115
New Zealand
Fonterra Foodservice
, 179
Les Mills International
, 145–149
wineries
, 193
N-Gage (Nokia)
, 3
Nicholson, Jack
, 53
Nintendo
, 244
Nokia
, 1–9, 157, 162, 244–245
Alahuhta
, 200
demise/failure of
, 2, 4–7
diversification
, 244–245
GSM
, 2
management
, 4–5
Microsoft and
, 2, 245
old playbook and theory
, 7–9
original incarnation of
, 244
rival
, 5
smart phone
, 3
success story
, 2–4
supply chain
, 2–4
3G handset
, 3, 4
touch-screen phone
, 3
2G handsets
, 4
Nokia 9000 Communicator
, 2
Non-monetized activities, price tag to
, 171–173
Non-shapeable market
, 156–158
NORD. See National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
North, Douglass
, 15
Online ride-sharing company. See Uber Technologies Inc.
Open-source software community
, 239
OP Group
, 160–161, 165
Opinion leaders
, 238–239
Oprah Winfrey’s Book Club
, 239
Orchestration
, 241–242
allocentric innovation
, 242
from domination to
, 241–242
rotating leadership
, 242–243
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
, 123
Oscars. See Academy Awards
Other actors
, 39
Other-benefactor perspective
, 69–72
Outliers
, 210–211
Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation (OCBC)
, 105
See also FRANK by OCBC
Panasonic
, 154
PayPal
, 244
People Flow
, 201–202
People Flow (KONE)
, 53
Peripheral vision
, 208–212
focusing on IFAQs
, 211–212
focusing on outliers
, 210–211
metaphor
, 210
See also Triangulation
Petrini, Carlo
, 123
Pivoting
, 243–245
after start-up phase
, 243–245
concept of
, 243
for start-ups
, 243
Platforms for enhanced collaboration
, 239–241
Poor market view
, 20–24
Post, Emily
, 138
Practices. See Consumer practices
Pre-mortems
, 215
Price carriers
, 101–102
Price/pricing
, 99–102
arena and
, 81
as-a-service
, 180–182
changing level of
, 100–101
errors relevant to
, 100
lowering of
, 182–184
non-monetized activities
, 171–173
using market-widening
, 179–184
Printing press
, 182
Product-geography matrix
, 57
Product market view
, 17–20
data bias
, 19–20
stock market analysis
, 20
Products, business arena and
, 79
Prospective hindsight
, 215
Provocative competence
, 242
Quantifying win-win-win strategies
, 163–166
Quek, George
, 185
Red Bull
, 122
Regulations/laws
, 134–138
breaking regulations to change
, 136–137
cooperation with regulators to change
, 134–136
industry self-regulation
, 137–138
Representations layer
, 41, 43–44, 118–129
devices
, 118–119
information
, 123–126
language
, 119–123
symbols
, 126–129
Research and statistics
, 125–126
Resource mobilization
, 236–237
Resource potentiality
, 204–205, 236
Resources
capabilities and
, 61–62
defined
, 61
network
, 62–66
Rey-Herme, Pascal
, 110
Rotating leadership
, 242–243
Roth, Alvin E.
, 42, 188
Royal Bank of Scotland
, 187
Rules of the game
, 41, 44, 129–142
regulations
, 134–138
social norms
, 44, 138–142
standards
, 130–133
Rumsfeld, Donald
, 210
Ryanair
, 183
Safe-to-fail environment
, 221–223
Sainsbury
, 187
Sales item
, 95–99
Samsung
, 5
Sanyo
, 154
Savvy market shapers
, 150
Schörling, Melker
, 65
Screwcaps
, 141–142, 193–194
Screwcap Wine Seal Initiative (SWSI)
, 141–142, 194
S-curve
, 139
Sea-Land
, 133
Search engine (Google)
, 71
SEPA. See Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)
Services, business arena and
, 79
Short Message Service (SMS)
, 2
Siemens
, 2
Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)
, 165
Skanska
, 172
Skanska and IKEA
, 65–66
Skeuomorphism
, 235
Smarter Planet (IBM)
, 229
SMS. See Short Message Service (SMS)
Social norms
, 44, 138–142
Sony Walkman
, 154
Spotify
, 37, 69
Standards
, 130–133
compatibility
, 130
de jure vs. de facto
, 131–132
intellectual property (IP) rights
, 132–133
technical
, 131–132
wars
, 132
Starbucks
, 244
zooming in success story
, 85–86
Stock market analysis
, 20
Stora Enso
, 91–94, 128, 152
BoKlok
, 65–66
Strategies, for market shaping
, 32–39, 158–169
collaboration
, 166–169
minimum viable system
, 158–163
poor market view
, 20–24
quantifying win-win-win
, 163–166
Strategy&
, 73
Supply bottlenecks
clearing out regulatory
, 191–193
elimination by scaling up cottage industries
, 189–191
Symbian
, 4
Symbolic actions, claiming market by
, 233
Systems theory
, 151–152
Tantlinger, Keith
, 133
Telenokia
, 2
Tesco
, 187
3G
, 3, 4, 5, 6–7
See also Nokia
Tidal
, 69
Time
, 80
Timing, in market shaping
, 149–158
assessing shapeability
, 149–153
fast-follower strategy
, 153–156
non-shapeable market
, 156–158
Toyota
capabilities
, 61–62
sideline businesses
, 62
Trademarking
, 119
Triangulation
, 209–210
See also Peripheral vision
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA)
, 140
2G
, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8
See also Nokia
UberGREEN
, 13
Uberification
, 14
Uber Technologies Inc.
, 9–14, 157, 213, 214
background
, 9–10
country-specific taxi regulations and
, 136–137
goodwill and trust
, 12
growth
, 12
matching methods
, 187
private car owners
, 10, 11
surge pricing
, 11
UberX
, 10
Unilever
hygiene products
, 117
Shakti program
, 117
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
, 146
UPS
, 49–51, 213
US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis
, 171
User/payer split
, 71–72
Use value
, 19, 176–179
commercializing a new widget
, 176–178
creation
, 18
defined
, 18
enhancing customers’ use environment
, 178–179
Vaissié, Arnaud
, 110
Value chain position
, 80
Value quantification
, 165
Value sensing
, 209
VHS
, 132
Voltaire
, 211
Von Clausewitz, Carl
, 229
Walkman (Sony)
, 154–155
Walmart
, 188
Wärtsilä
, 116–117
Water footprint
, 122
Water Footprint Network
, 122
Watson platform of IBM
, 202
WhatsApp
, 154
What You See Is All There Is (WYSIATI)
, 22, 171
Wilde, Oscar
, 18
Wineries
screwcaps
, 193–194
Screwcap Wine Seal Initiative
, 194
social norms
, 193–194
Wozniak, Steve
, 239
Xiameter
, 104–105
YouTube
, 244
Zara
, 109
Zooming in
, 73–86
business arena generator
, 75–85
as market segmentation
, 74–75
Starbucks
, 85–86
Zooming out
, 58–73, 60f
capabilities and resources
, 61–62
demand perspective
, 60
diversification
, 72–73
network perspective
, 63
other-benefactor perspective
, 69–72
supply perspective
, 59–60
Zuckerberg, Mark
, 154