Index
Johanna Sumiala
(University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland)
Katja Valaskivi
(University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland)
Minttu Tikka
(University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland)
Jukka Huhtamäki
(Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland)
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Sumiala, J., Valaskivi, K., Tikka, M. and Huhtamäki, J. (2018), "Index", Hybrid Media Events, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-851-220181009
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Acceleration
, 17, 20–21, 107
of circulation
, 107–108
of circulation in hybrid media event
, 119–121
Accounts
, 59–60
Accumulation
, 77
of attention
, 87–88
Accuracy
, 131, 132
Actor Network Theory (ANT)
, 7
Actors
, 17–18, 57, 126
accounts and hashtags
, 59–60
anatomy of Charlie Hebdo attacks on Twitter
, 60–72
hybrid media events amplifying
, 75–76
tracing @JeSuisKouachi
, 72–75
Affect(s)
, 20
circulating affects
, 89–90
circulation of fear addresses diverse audiences
, 102–104
element
, 17
funerals
, 96–99
hybridization and ritual practices
, 104–105
Je Suis Charlie’ in social media
, 95–96
mediatized ritualization
, 90–91
narratives opposed to ‘Je Suis Charlie’ solidarity
, 99–102
responses
, 89
rituals intensify sense of solidarity in media
, 91–95
role
, 104
violent hybrid media event
, 89
Affordance(s)
, 17–19, 60, 127
accounts and hashtags
, 59–60
anatomy of Charlie Hebdo attacks on Twitter
, 60–72
of hashtags
, 72–75
hybrid media events amplifying
, 75–76
tracing @JeSuisKouachi
, 72–75
Agency
, 17, 57, 59, 70
Ahmed, Sara
, 20, 91, 106
After Charlie Hebdo: Terror, Racism and Free Speech
, 89
Agence France-Presse (AFP)
, 64
Ahmed Merabet
death
, 77–79
shooting
, 88
Al Jazeera English
, 23, 46–47, 85
Al-Qaeda
, 111, 129
American internet news service Kicker
, 1
Amplification
, 72
Anglo-American context
, 8
Anti-Islam sentiment
, 87
Associated Press
, 78–79, 82
Attention
, 17, 19–20
accumulation and circulation
, 87–88
Ahmed Merabet’s death
, 77–79
controversy over video
, 81–83
economy
, 19
‘Je Suis Ahmed’ as symbol of public solidarity
, 83–85
media making Merabet ideal victim
, 80–81
politicizing Muslim body
, 86
tracking
, 77
Automated content analysis (ACA)
, 23, 24
Archetti, Cristina
, 132
Bête et Méchant’ newspaper
, 30–35
BFM TV
, 110, 111, 117, 119, 130
broadcast
, 114
Twitter user accounts
, 116
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
, 64
BBC News
, 13–14, 37, 41, 81, 86
Buzzfeed, American internet media company
, 64
Cable News Network (CNN)
, 13–14, 19, 22, 64, 72, 91, 114
Cartoonists’ funerals
, 98
Catholicism
, 30
Ceremonial media events
, 13, 96, 98, 123
Ceremoniality
, 9–10, 123
Chadwick, Andrew
, 6–8, 128, 129
Charlie effect
, 86
Charlie Hebdo attacks
, 1–5, 23, 24, 29, 35–36, 46, 60, 77, 78, 87, 89–93, 98, 102, 103, 107, 108, 119, 124, 125, 126
anatomy on Twitter
, 60–72
circulation connects key elements
, 126–127
and circulation of terrorist violence
, 123
towards discussion of social and ethical dimensions of hybrid media events
, 127–130
see also 9/11 attacks
Charlie Hebdo media event
, 57, 104
hybridization
, 87–88
Charlie Hebdo newspaper
, 30–35, 46
Charlie Hebdo Twitter account
, 65
Charlie Mensuel comics magazine
, 30
Christians
, 49, 74, 75
Circulation
, 87–88, 126, 127
connecting key elements
, 126–127
of representations
, 90
Couldry, Nick
, 134
Coulibaly, Amedy
, 40, 41, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 132
‘Co-productions’ of broadcasters
, 12
Communication
, 2–3
ethics
, 130, 131
principles
, 132
technology
, 113
Condensation
, 15
counter-narratives challenge main storyline
, 45–49
huge show of solidarity in Paris against terrorism
, 49–51
of meanings
, 43
world political elites demonstrate solidarity
, 43–45
Conseil superieur de l’audiovisuel (CSA)
, 117
Contemporary media events
, 19, 123
Contemporary terrorism
, 2–3
Contemporary terrorist violence
, 4
‘Contrapuntal’, hybridity
, 6
Coulibaly’s attack
, 115
Counter-emotional responses
, 93
Counter-narratives
, 29
types
, 38
Counternarration
, 15
Cultural process
, 126
Daily Mail, The
, 23, 78, 84, 93, 108
Daily Mirror, The
, 78, 96
Daily Telegraph, The
, 78, 87
Dayan, Daniel
, 5, 9, 10, 13, 16, 92, 128
Dammartin-en-Goële, hostage situation in
, 108–113
Diffusion processes
, 13
Digital ethnography
, 23, 24, 25–26, 27, 72
Digital media
, 13, 15, 132
events
, 123
platforms
, 20, 90, 98
remediation in
, 35–36
social norms
, 21
see also Live media
Digital rituals
, 90
Disaster marathon
, 54, 123
Disenchantment
, 12, 13
Disruptive media events
, 90, 112, 123
Emotional/emotions
, 20, 89, 91, 104, 131, 132, 136
expressions
, 104
reactions
, 89
responses and reactions
, 125
Empathy
, 89, 112
Empirical phases
, 23–26
Ethical dimension of hybrid media events
, 127–130
Event
, 2, 25, 29, 51, 54, 66, 70, 79, 104, 110, 119, 123, 135
Facebook
, 22, 23, 32, 36, 49, 66, 78, 88, 95, 110
see also Twitter
Fear addressing diverse audiences, circulation of
, 102–104
Financial times
, 86
First-hand eyewitness evidence
, 79
Foundation
, 14, 26
France 2 (France’s largest television networks)
, 109, 112, 116, 118
Free speech
, 1, 70, 74, 84, 87
Free World
, 2, 127
Freedom of speech
, 3, 127–128
French political establishment
, 86
French Republic
, 44, 99
principles
, 87
values of freedom of expression
, 55
French Revolution
, 46, 91
Funerals
, 42, 61, 86, 98–101, 104
Fundamentalism
, 43, 87, 128
Ghetto Muslims
, 34
Global communication technology
, 15
Global hybrid media events
, 17, 24
Global iconic events
, 14
Global media
, 1, 3, 29, 51
Global mourning
, 37–40
GoPro video camera
, 112, 113, 116
Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN)
, 63, 115
Guardian, The
, 50–51, 78, 84–85, 92, 113, 115
Hara-Kiri magazine
, 30
Hashtags
, 23, 24, 59–60, 75
affordances
, 72–75
in Twitter messages
, 62
Twitter’s key property
, 76
Hepp, Andreas
, 13, 14
Hervik, Peter
, 29, 34
Hollande, François
, 43, 44, 48, 53, 86, 87, 96, 100
Hospitality
, 131
Hostage situation
, 132
BFM TV
, 110–111
in Dammartin-en-Goële
, 108–109
Independent, The
, 111–112
media
, 109–110
perpetrators in action on live media
, 112
Hostage standoff
, 41, 113, 125
Human actors
, 57, 60
Hybrid
, 5–9
media environment
, 58, 124, 125
media system
, 2, 8, 125
organizations
, 6
Hybrid media event(s)
, 55, 57, 78, 98, 102, 107, 123, 124, 127
acceleration
, 20–21
acceleration of circulation in
, 119–121
actors
, 17–18
affect
, 20
affordance
, 18–19
amplifying
, 75–76
analysing hybrid media events on Twitter and Beyond
, 21–26
attention
, 19–20
circulation connecting key elements
, 126–127
elements
, 16
social and ethical dimensions
, 127–130
of terrorist violence
, 104
see also Media event(s)
Hybridity
, 7, 126
Hybridization
, 55, 104–105
of attention
, 55
of Charlie Hebdo media event
, 87–88
of media events
, 13–16
moral responsibility
, 121
Hypocrisy
, 75, 87
Independent, The (newspaper)
, 44–45, 48, 87, 94, 111, 114
Innocence of Islam (film)
, 32
Institutional actors
, 70, 124, 131
Interdisciplinary analysis of media and terrorism
, 4
hybrid
, 5–9
media event
, 9–13
International Business Times
, 102
International communication
, 5, 7
Internet revenue model
, 2
Interpersonal networks
, 13
ISIS/ISIL
, 129
Islam
, 3, 20, 35, 46, 47, 75, 82, 84, 88, 132, 134
Islamist terrorism
, 3–4
Islamophobia
, 34, 46, 50, 83, 87, 93, 100, 103
Je ne suis pas Charlie
, 60, 100
Je suis Ahmed
, 60
as symbol of public solidarity
, 83–85
Je Suis Charlie
, 37, 50, 60, 91
counter-narratives opposing
, 99–102
message
, 38–39
momentum
, 51–55
in social media
, 95–96
‘Je suis Juif’
, 42, 99
Je suis Kouachi
, 75
Je suis musulman
, 100
Jihad and Death
, 128
Journalism
, 7–8, 33, 130
Journalists
, 17, 21, 30, 41, 64, 77, 104, 107, 110, 112, 116, 117, 124, 127, 130
Jyllands-Posten (Danish newspaper)
, 31, 33
Katz, Elihu
, 5, 9–12, 54, 92, 123, 128
Kosher Market Siege
, 113
BMF TV
, 114
broadcasting
, 115
hostage
, 113–114
live broadcasting puts hostages in danger
, 116
Kouachi attacks
, 31
Kouachi, Chérif
, 34–36, 72, 103, 112–114, 118, 128
Kouachi, Saïd
, 34–36, 72, 103, 117, 118, 128
Kraidy, Marwan M.
, 6, 7, 8, 128, 129
Latour, Bruno
, 6, 17, 57, 128
Le Journal du Dimanche newspaper
, 53
Le Nouvel Observateur
, 113
Liebes, Tamar
, 10, 12, 36, 54, 92, 112, 120
Live broadcasting
, 123
hostages in danger
, 116
of images and information
, 117
Live media
coverage
, 118
events
, 123
see also Digital media
Liveness
, 108, 120
acceleration of circulation in hybrid media event
, 119–121
of event
, 116
France’s broadcasting watchdog
, 117
hostage situation in Dammartin-en-Goële
, 108–113
Jewish supermarket
, 118
Kosher Market Siege
, 113–115
Mainstream media
, 24, 36, 77, 88, 89
Manhunt continues
, 40–41
Marche républicaine’
, 45
Martel, Charles (fascist)
, 74–75
Media
, 7, 112
anthropology
, 5
disasters
, 12
environment
, 4, 5, 127
ethics
, 130–131
making Merabet ideal victim
, 80–81
media-related practices
, 90
media-saturated symbolic communication
, 98
representations
, 77
rituals intensify sense of solidarity in
, 91–95
role in terrorism
, 4
technology
, 126
see also Digital media; Live media; Social media
Media event(s)
, 1, 9–13
Bête et Méchant’ newspaper
, 30–35
condensation of meanings
, 43–51
hybridization
, 13–16
implicit or explicit criteria
, 29
Je Suis Charlie’ momentum
, 51–55
mythologization of victims
, 37–43
remediation in digital media
, 35–36
theory
, 90, 123
Mediated communication
, 14, 128, 131
Mediatization
, 14, 100
Mediatized ritualization
, 55, 90–91
Memes
, 2, 20, 24, 77, 90
Merabet, Ahmed
, 27, 36, 38, 43, 54, 55, 68, 78–80, 82, 84–86, 88, 89, 99, 100, 129, 130
Microblogging
, 58
Mir, Jordi
, 36, 79, 80, 83, 129
Mnemonic schemes of interpretation
, 104, 123
Multi-method
, 23, 26
‘Murderous ideology’
, 87
Muslim
countries
, 32
identity
, 129
perpetrators
, 77
politicizing Muslim body
, 86
terrorism
, 3
World League
, 32
Mythologization
, 15
counts as victim
, 41–43
Manhunt continues
, 40–41
News coverage and global mourning
, 37–40
of victims
, 37
Narratives
, 4, 14–15, 16, 41, 42, 55, 110, 127, 132, 133
counter-narratives
, 29, 38, 45–49, 50, 73, 101–104
opposing to ‘Je Suis Charlie’ solidarity
, 99–102
New York Times, The
, 49, 84
New Yorker magazine
, 70
News coverage
, 37–40
News media
, 54, 123, 125
9/11 attacks
, 3, 47, 54, 88
Non-human actors
, 7, 57, 60
Offline
pilgrimages
, 93
rituals
, 90
Online
pilgrimages
, 93
rituals
, 90
Palestinian resistance movement
, 48
Paris Match
, 80
Paying Tribute
, 39, 68
Perpetrators in action on live media
, 112
Political communication
, 5, 8
PR disaster
, 48
Pre-network media events
, 124
Professional media
, 2, 25, 58, 70, 88
Pulsar, third-party social media analytics service
, 23
Quran
, 75
Radical Islam
, 3, 86, 128
Radicalization
, 35, 128, 129, 130
Radicalized jihadists
, 34, 128, 129
Radicalized perpetrators
, 128
Re-contextualization
, 10–11
Remediation
, 15, 29
in digital media
, 35–36
of messages
, 119
Republican March(es)
, 45, 94
Rest in Peace (RIP)
, 39
Ritual(s)
, 90
digital rituals
, 92, 100
intensify sense of solidarity in media
, 91–95
pilgrimage
, 93
practices
, 95, 104–105
ritualization
, 97, 106
Roncin, Joachim
, 37, 38, 61, 93
Roy, Olivier
, 35, 132, 133
Roy’s analysis
, 128
Salafism
, 128
School shooters
, 129
Silverstone, Roger
, 135
Sincerity
, 131, 132
Social acceleration
, 21
Social media
, 2, 54, 88, 89, 123, 125
algorithms
, 4
culture
, 82
giants
, 63
Je Suis Charlie’ in
, 95–96
see also Digital media; Live media
Social network analytics approach (SNA approach)
, 23, 63
Social networking sites
, 1, 10, 14, 42, 104
Social theory
, 5, 130
Solidarity
, 87
huge show of solidarity in Paris against terrorism
, 49–51
rituals intensify sense of
, 91–95
Sonnevend, Julia
, 14, 15, 16, 26, 38, 50, 51, 54
Streaming
, 107, 108, 110, 116, 123
Stylist Magazine
, 37, 61
Telegraph, The
, 45–46, 94–95, 97
Terror attacks
, 89
Terrorism
, 2–3, 43, 127, 132
huge show of solidarity in Paris against
, 49–51
towarding interdisciplinary analysis of media and
, 4–13
Terrorist
action
, 128
attack
, 127
organizations
, 129
violence
, 128
Terrorist violence, hybrid media events of
analysing hybrid media events on Twitter and Beyond
, 21–26
Charlie Hebdo attacks
, 1–4
elements of hybrid media events
, 16–21
hybridization of media events
, 13–16
interdisciplinary analysis of media and terrorism
, 4–13
structure of book
, 26–27
Texts
, 2, 19, 20, 90
TF1 (France’s largest television networks)
, 112, 118
Tracing @JeSuisKouachi
, 72–75
Transcultural phenomena
, 13–14
Transculturalism
, 8–9
Translocal phenomena
, 13–14
Transnational phenomena
, 13–14
Tribute
, 49, 68, 69, 85, 92, 95, 97, 100
Tweets
, 23, 59, 60, 65, 73, 90
Twitter
, 57, 59, 64, 65, 95
actors
, 63, 64–65
analysing hybrid media events on Twitter and Beyond
, 21
Charlie Hebdo anatomy attacks on
, 60–61
dynamics
, 65–72
empirical phases
, 23–26
hashtags in Twitter messages posted on Charlie Hebdo attacks
, 62
Union of French Islamic Organisations (UOIF)
, 32
Victims
ideal victim
, 81–82, 86, 89
mythologization of
, 37–43
Video material
, 115
Videos
, 20, 24, 90, 91, 115
Vigipirate Plan on ‘attack’ level
, 43–44
Violence
, 10, 39
Violent action
, 128, 129
Violent global media events
, 121
Violent media events
, 13, 41, 123
Violent terrorist occurrence
, 89
Wagner-Pacifici, Robin
, 54
‘Western’ victims
, 77
World political elites
, 43–45
World Trade Center
, 3
Xenophobia
, 87
YouTube
, 23, 63, 69
Zelizer, Barbie
, 106
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 What Are Hybrid Media Events of Terrorist Violence?
- Chapter 2 Creating a Media Event
- Chapter 3 Actors and Affordances
- Chapter 4 Attention
- Chapter 5 Affect
- Chapter 6 Liveness and Acceleration of Circulation
- Chapter 7 Charlie Hebdo and the Circulation of Terrorist Violence in a Hybrid Media Event
- References
- Index