Analytic generalization

, 68, 71, 75

Appreciative inquiry

, 34

Articulation of purpose

, 292

Ascendancy traits

, 292

Atlas.ti

, 105, 141, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 287, 288, 301, 310, 314

At-risk communities

, 303–329

Authentic leadership

, 64, 102, 123, 124, 139, 185, 190, 293, 294, 328

Authenticity

, 39–41, 44, 54, 60, 64, 102, 124, 139, 234, 264

Autocoding

, 279, 282, 289, 301

Autocratic leadership

, 46

Autoethnography

, 193, 194–195, 196

Axial coding

, 98, 100, 146, 190

Axiology

, 14, 17–18, 27, 29, 31, 40

Behavioral theory

, 238

Being-in-the world

, 210

Between case analysis

, 71, 72

Bottom-up leadership

, 305, 320–321, 329

Bracketing

, 43, 45, 212–214, 217, 221

Calling

, 89, 123, 263, 294

CAQDAS

, 94, 97, 104–106, 122, 141, 150

Catalytic authenticity

, 40

Categorical aggregation

, 71

Chaos theory

, 299

Charisma

, 60, 67, 102, 113, 121, 146–147, 174–175, 203, 292, 299

Charismatic leadership

, 68, 83–85, 114, 118, 174

Charismatic theory

, 82, 85, 118, 121, 293

Code family

, 294, 316

Code worthiness

, 283–285

Codes

, 50, 53, 93, 97–100, 102–104, 107, 109, 116, 147, 179, 181–185, 192, 273, 275–276, 278–279, 282–290, 293–294, 310–316, 318–319, 326–327, 329

Coding

, 6, 51, 72, 88, 93–117, 121–122, 143–146, 148, 164, 166–167, 170–171, 174, 179, 181–184, 187, 190, 205, 207, 219, 232, 244, 253–254, 256, 274, 278–279, 281–285, 287–289, 301, 310–316, 325–326, 328–329

Cohen’s kappa intercoder reliability

, 107, 112

Collaborative ethnography

, 194, 196

Collaborative inquiry

, 10

Collaborative leadership

, 78, 295

Collective creativeness

, 294

Collective purpose

, 296

Common purpose

, 292–293, 297–300

Communal residence

, 312, 319, 326–329

Complexity theory

, 165, 301, 348

Compounding

, 286

Concurrent mixed methods designs

, 157

Confidentiality

, 50–55, 126, 149

Confirmability

, 39, 44, 76, 216, 233

Conflict management

, 168

Conflict

, 62, 64, 67, 74, 109, 155, 168, 208, 226, 236, 262, 276–277, 284, 293, 295, 306, 311, 317–318, 322–323, 328

Consciousness

, 193–194, 208–211, 224–225, 242, 248, 261, 286, 295, 323–324, 328

Constant comparison method

, 88, 99, 143, 179, 182, 185, 187, 188, 200, 205, 232

Construct validity

, 74, 75, 96, 110, 156

Constructive developmental models

, 27, 236

Content analysis

, 9, 33, 34, 36, 39, 70, 80, 89, 93–122, 142, 143, 145–146, 148, 157, 164–165, 200, 253–257, 268, 273–301, 309–316, 325–326, 328–329

Contingency theory

, 301

Co-operatives

, 294

Coordination

, 277, 288, 292

Correlative validity

, 110

Creative citizenship

, 286

Creative energy

, 297

Credibility

, 7, 39–41, 44, 46, 49, 69–70, 72, 75–76, 79–80, 87, 90, 134, 147, 166, 216, 226, 233, 259

Critical ethnography

, 194–196

Critical theory

, 7, 13–14, 19, 21, 24, 27, 194

Cronbach α

, 163, 167

Cross case analysis

, 72–73

Crowded mentality

, 286

Cyber-ethnography

, 196–197, 205

Deconstructionism

, 24

Deductive research

, 9

Density data

, 290–291

Density percentage

, 290

Dependability

, 39, 41, 44, 76, 216, 233

Depersonalize

, 282

Descriptive case study

, 60

Destructive Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ)

, 158

Dispositional resilience

, 294

Diversity

, 6, 34, 47, 52, 78, 82, 90, 93–94, 103, 138, 145, 157, 172, 259, 293

Document analysis

, 34, 159, 172–173, 185, 187, 190, 200, 252

Dominance

, 25, 36, 139, 292

Dual processing theory

, 244

Educative authenticity

, 40

Embedded case studies

, 66–67

Emotional validity

, 51

Empathy

, 114–115, 146, 261, 294

Empowerment

, 11, 40, 119, 162, 173, 264, 273, 293–294, 296–297, 301, 311, 324, 328

Epistemology

, 14–18, 20, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 39, 42, 46–47, 54, 74, 199, 263, 267, 269

Epoche

, 212–213, 221

Essence of experience

, 215

Ethnography

, 20, 33–35, 140, 159, 179–206, 244–245, 257

Ethnomethodology

, 20, 22, 34

Evolving situation

, 293, 299

Explanation building

, 71–72, 75

Explanatory case study

, 66

Exploratory case analysis

, 66

External validity

, 39, 41, 74–75

Fabula

, 230, 231

Faith in humanity

, 70, 294

Focus group

, 33–35, 51, 94, 113, 120, 136, 138–141, 150, 158, 192, 232, 238

Followers

, 4, 59, 71, 85, 95, 118–119, 121, 146, 158, 191, 199, 219, 241–243, 251, 270, 284, 292–293, 297–300, 304–306

Followership

, 284, 293–294, 297–298, 301

Foresight

, 292–293

Frequency data

, 282, 289

Fully integrated mixed methods design

, 158

Generalizability

, 9, 13, 16, 33, 37, 39, 47–48, 53, 68, 74, 132, 155–156, 258

Gestalt

, 282

GLOBE study

, 156

“Great Man” paradigm

, 293

Grounded theory

, 6, 20, 24, 34–35, 53, 99, 140, 143–145, 155, 163, 168, 179–206, 207, 232, 238, 268, 310–311, 313, 318–326, 328–329

Group principle

, 286

Hand coding

, 279, 285–288, 301, 310

Hermeneutic cycle

, 216

Hermeneutic unit (HU)

, 275–280, 282, 287, 290–291, 296–297, 301

Hermeneutics

, 22–24, 27, 34, 153, 209, 211, 218

Highlander Folk School

, 303–304

Historiometry

, xvi

Holistic case study

, 66

Hope

, 119, 147, 218, 221–222, 284, 286, 289, 294–295, 301, 307, 311–312, 317–318, 321–322, 324, 326, 328

Horizontalization

, 215, 221, 225

Human strengths

, 64, 294

Humility

, 64, 318

Hypocrisy attribution theory

, 82

Iconographical symbolism

, 256–257

Iconography

, 253, 255–258, 268

Iconological symbolism

, 256–257

Identity

, 53, 64, 83–84, 124, 137, 150, 173, 187, 188, 194–195, 204, 244, 248, 251, 263–264, 307–308, 318–319, 327

Ideographic method

, 7

Impoverished communities

, 303

Incommensurability

, 14

In-depth interviewing

, 123, 131–135, 137, 212, 220

Inductive research

, 9, 22, 51, 93, 94, 159, 180

Informed consent

, 50–51, 55, 148, 149

Inspiring movement

, 284

Instrumental case

, 62, 74

Integration

, 49, 63, 102, 154, 158, 213, 276, 298, 304–305

Integrative leadership

, 293

Integrative unities

, 293

Intercoder reliability

, 75, 96, 107–110, 113, 232, 254, 289

Internal validity

, 38–39, 41, 46, 75

Internet interviews

, 136–137, 150

Interpretation

, 10, 14–15, 23, 27, 29, 36, 42–45, 48, 53, 73, 76, 89, 91, 96, 98, 103–105, 115, 125, 133, 140, 142, 157, 193–194, 198, 212–216, 217, 218, 224, 228, 240, 245, 252, 256–257, 261, 269, 275, 291

Interpretivism

, 7, 13–14, 19–20, 22–24, 27, 29, 35, 41, 47, 54, 62, 145–146, 148, 249

Interrater reliability

, 106, 163, 169

Intrinsic case

, 62, 74

Invisible leader

, 292, 294, 297–300

Kenosis

, 313, 326–327

Laissez faire leadership

, 117, 201

Latent codes

, 287, 313

Leadership development

, 159, 164, 168, 171–172, 187, 189–190, 246, 309, 347

Leadership Identity Development Model (LID)

, 188

Leadership lexicon

, 298

League of Nations

, 294

Life histories

, 33, 233, 339

Linear structural equation modeling

, 9, 352

Line-by-line coding

, 278–279, 282–283, 301

Literal replication

, 70

Macrolevel

, 293

Manifest codes

, 287, 313, 329

Member checking

, 44–45, 69, 75–76, 80, 87, 142–143, 187, 226, 252, 337

Memoing

, 99, 165, 181, 184, 205

Memos

, 99–100, 142, 167, 173, 182, 184, 190, 212, 226, 276, 278, 283, 289

Metatheme

, 296

Methodolatry

, 36

Methodology

, 8, 11, 14, 16–18, 27, 29, 31, 33–36, 40, 46–47, 50, 52, 61–62, 90, 112, 131, 138, 153, 180–181, 184, 199, 205, 236, 245, 249, 349–350, 352

Micro construct

, 293

Millennials

, 32

Mixed methods

, 6, 26, 34, 48, 151–175, 331, 336

Moral purpose

, 299

Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD)

, 67–68

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)

, 165, 190

Multilevel leadership

, 286

Multiple case studies

, 66–68, 70–72, 90

Narrative analysis

, 8, 87, 162–163, 172, 207–240, 253, 331, 352

Narrative synthesis

, 8

Negative case sampling

, 44–45

Network marketing organization

, 203

Networking

, 89, 104, 279, 295

Nomothetic method

, 7

NUD*IST

, 173, 232, 238

NVivo

, 94, 104, 141, 143, 167, 179, 187, 190

Ontological authenticity

, 40

Ontology

, 14–18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 36, 42, 46, 54, 74, 263, 267, 350

Open coding

, 88, 98–100, 146, 182, 184, 190, 207, 278, 283, 289

Open-ended interviewing

, 129

Optimism

, 32, 289, 294, 311, 320, 322, 327

Organic leader

, 299

Paradigm wars

, 5, 28–29, 46, 48–49, 154, 331, 333, 336

Participant observation

, 9, 17, 34–36, 71, 155, 158, 187, 190, 193, 197, 199–200, 204–205, 212, 252, 338–341, 349

Pattern matching

, 68, 71–72

Peer debriefing

, 44–45, 187

Phenomenological reduction

, 212–213, 221, 225

Phenomenology

, 6, 20, 22, 24, 34–35, 207–240, 268, 331, 349, 352

Positionality theory

, 172

Positive psychology

, 70, 294, 301, 322, 344

Positivism

, 4–5, 13–14, 19–20, 22–23, 28–29, 33, 35, 47, 49, 54, 64, 121, 152–153, 208, 242, 249, 260, 337

Post heroic leadership

, 274, 301

Postmodernism

, 7, 13

Postpositivism

, 13–14

Poverty

, 303–304, 306–307, 317–318, 322

Power over

, 296

Power-with

, 296

Pragmatism

, 14–15, 20, 25–26, 28–29, 35, 41, 49, 62, 67, 85, 202, 350

Predictive validity

, 110

Primary document (PD)

, 275, 277–279, 282–284, 287–291, 301

Primary texts

, 280

Probing interview questions

, 44, 132–133

Progressive business

, 292

Prolonged engagement

, 44–45, 180, 198, 339

Protection from harm

, 50–51, 149, 351

Purposive sampling

, 67, 309, 337

Q-methodology

, 34

Qualitative-quantitative debate

, 333, 335

Quantitative research

, 5–6, 8–9, 14, 29, 33, 37–43, 46–48, 54, 69, 75, 95, 152–153, 155, 160, 245, 335–337, 347

Quiet leadership

, 85

Quintain

, 62, 72

Radical subordination

, 312, 319–321, 326–329

Realism

, 14, 19, 27–28, 67

Reconciliation

, 155, 312, 319, 322–323, 326–329

Reflexivity

, 43, 45, 171, 255, 261, 318, 333

Reframing

, 203, 312, 319, 323–324, 326–329

Relational leadership

, 168, 199–200, 205

Reliability

, 7, 10, 13, 19, 37–45, 49, 54, 74–76, 79–80, 90, 94–97, 105–113, 129, 132, 142, 162–163, 169, 185, 198, 216, 232, 236, 254, 258, 260, 270, 282, 289, 334–335, 338

Repersonalise

, 282

Replacement

, 312, 319, 325, 327–329

Replicability

, 4, 10, 13, 155, 258, 335

Researcher bias

, 43, 104, 275, 289

Respondent validation

, 44, 69

Responsibility

, 19, 51, 60, 195, 233, 250, 262, 293, 295, 312, 319, 321–322, 326–329

Restoration

, 312, 319, 324–329

Rhetorical analysis

, 34

Risk of harm

, 51

Sampling validity

, 110

Saturation

, 9–10, 45, 100, 135, 185–187, 278, 285, 289, 310, 314, 339

Scott’s intercoder reliability

, 107

Selective coding

, 98, 100, 146, 167, 182, 184, 187, 190

Self-directed work teams

, 295

Self-sacrificial leadership

, 64, 70, 328, 348

Semantic validity

, 110

Semiotic analysis

, 34

Semistructured interviews

, 131–132, 138, 143–144, 146, 150, 187

Sequential mixed methods designs

, 158–159, 165, 166

Servant leadership

, 12, 172–173, 217–219, 221, 328

Shared leadership

, 78, 140, 294–295, 348

Single case study

, 59, 66–68, 79, 84, 88

Snowball sampling

, 170, 223, 234

Social constructionism

, 21

Spiritual leadership

, 12, 32, 348

Stewardship

, 12, 217, 348

Strange attractor of meaning

, 299

Strategic leadership

, 303–304

Structured interviewing

, 128–129, 131

Structured interviews

, 33, 127, 129, 131, 132, 135, 138, 144, 164, 170

Study of individual differences

, 3

Subjective career success

, 32

Super codes

, 147, 275, 311, 313

Symbolic interactionism

, 20, 25–26, 29, 35, 41

Symphony of Southeast Texas

, 59

Tactical authenticity

, 40

Team training

, 295

Telephone interviews

, 135–136, 141, 143, 164, 171, 232

Thematic coding

, 98, 101, 112, 143, 164, 171, 314

Theoretical coding

, 98–100, 167, 183, 187

Theoretical replication

, 70

Theoretical sampling

, 9, 45, 67–68, 183, 185–187, 191, 204–205, 212

Theoretical sensitivity

, 180, 182–183, 185, 205

Theory building

, 22, 63–65, 77, 90, 187, 200, 310

Theory testing

, 35, 65, 77, 154, 181

Thick description

, 8, 11, 29, 45, 153, 196, 199

Total quality management (TQM)

, 293

Total situation

, 292

Trait theory

, 89

Transactional/transformational theory

, 12

Transcription

, 67, 137, 139, 141–142, 150, 222

Transferability

, 39, 41, 44, 75, 94, 216, 233

Transformative mixed method designs

, 162

Transparadigmatic

, 62, 350

Triangulation

, 45, 66, 68–71, 74, 76, 154–155, 162, 185, 220, 233, 252, 334–337, 339

Trustworthiness

, 39–41, 44–45, 54, 76, 90, 98, 109, 139, 142, 233, 260, 337, 339

Unstructured interviewing

, 129–131

Virtual ethnography

, 34, 194, 196–197, 351

Virtual focus group interviews

, 139–140

Visual anthropology

, 243–245, 253

Visual content analysis

, 253–255, 268

Visual ethnography

, 244–245

Visual sociology

, 243–244

Vocation

, 146, 265

We-power

, 296, 301

WinMax

, 105, 141

Within case analysis

, 71–72

Word crunching

, 105–106, 121–122, 279, 301

Word family

, 280, 290

Word frequencies

, 274

Zeitgeist leadership

, 13