Yongnian Yan, Rendong Wu, Renji Zhang, Zhuo Xiong and Feng Lin
This paper introduces a new subject called bio‐manufacturing. Bio‐manufacturing combines life science with manufacturing science, and uses manufacturing method to form materials…
Abstract
This paper introduces a new subject called bio‐manufacturing. Bio‐manufacturing combines life science with manufacturing science, and uses manufacturing method to form materials with bio‐activity and bio‐degradability into scaffolds. In this paper, we discuss the hierarchy of bio‐manufacturing: the lower grade uses undegradable bio‐material to form permanent organ replacement such as auricular cartilage and the higher grade uses biodegradable bio‐materials to repair organ damage or organ replacement which degrades after embedded in the human body. They all adopt jetting/extrusion deposition process (fused deposition modelling or 3D printer), the distinct different point being the temperature of the forming chamber. The samples of bones and auricular cartilage produced by those processes had been practiced on dogs and rabbits, repaired their damage.
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Zhuo Xiong, Yongnian Yan, Renji Zhang and Xiaohong Wang
Aims to provide information on organism manufacturing engineering (OME), a newly proposed interdisciplinary research area.
Abstract
Purpose
Aims to provide information on organism manufacturing engineering (OME), a newly proposed interdisciplinary research area.
Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual discussion and approach are taken.
Findings
OME is based on layer‐by‐layer RP principles and the integration of the new advancement of manufacturing science, biomaterials, cell molecular biology and developmental biology. OME aims to construct live tissues and organs through controlled assembly of 3D cell structure with the principles and methods of modern manufacturing science and life science.
Originality/value
Focuses on important processes for indirect and direct cell assembly using OME approaches.
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Gongbing Bi, Yue Wu and Hang Xu
This paper aims to investigate the impact of quality loss in transit on e-commerce supply chain pricing, production and financing decisions.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of quality loss in transit on e-commerce supply chain pricing, production and financing decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors consider a Stackelberg game model with a supplier, logistics firm and e-commerce platform. The logistics firm is capital-constrained and obtains funding from the e-commerce platform by debt financing or equity financing. Through backward induction, this paper first solves the equilibrium results under the two financing schemes and then reveals the financing preferences of all parties.
Findings
The results demonstrate that equity financing reduces financing costs and promotes production significantly. However, it may also lead to overproduction, particularly in markets with poor profitability and high cost factors. When the percentage of product quality loss is large, equity financing is preferable. With the increasing of transportation level, the benefits of debt finance are steadily growing. In addition, equity financing is the Pareto dominant scheme for all firms under certain circumstances. The extensions consider hybrid financing and another quality loss type.
Practical implications
The paper derives the equilibrium solutions and financing preferences, then specifies the threshold for applying financing schemes. Provide guidance for logistics firms’ finance model innovation and core enterprise involvement in the logistics industry.
Originality/value
The paper investigates how logistics firms’ financing strategies are impacted by product quality loss.
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Junhai Ma and Yalan Hong
The convenience of online shopping enables the manufacturer to develop direct channels. To counter manufacturer encroachment, the retailer tends to provide presale service to…
Abstract
Purpose
The convenience of online shopping enables the manufacturer to develop direct channels. To counter manufacturer encroachment, the retailer tends to provide presale service to attract more customers. Meanwhile, the service provided by the retailer also has a positive impact on the manufacturer's sale volume, which is usually called the showrooming effect or free-ride. The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamic game of pricing and service strategy in a dual-channel supply chain with risk attitudes and free-ride.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper considers the risk attitude, characterized by mean-variance theory. First, the optimal pricing and service strategy of two static models under two scenarios are derived. Second, dynamic games are then considered to explore the evolution of the decisions. The classical optimization method is used to solve the problem, and numerical experiments are done to analyze the complex characteristic of the system.
Findings
The result shows that the retailer is willing to provide a higher level of service if his risk preference is higher. The offline retail price and online retail price are positively related to the retailer's risk preference. Besides, the free-ride behavior can reduce the offline retail price and the level of service provided by the retailer. Furthermore, the study indicates that the system is more likely to enter chaos if the retailer's risk preference is higher. Additionally, consumers' service sensitivity and cost coefficient affect the stability of the system.
Originality/value
The study provides a different perspective on supply chain management considering risk attitudes and free-ride The findings of the study can offer theoretical and practical guidance for enterprises to choose adjustment measures according to their risk preference.
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Weiwei Li, Zhuo Wang and Jinglian Huang
The purpose of this paper is to show that the e‐derivative is of great significance when revealing cryptographic characteristics of Boolean functions and assurance of the safety…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show that the e‐derivative is of great significance when revealing cryptographic characteristics of Boolean functions and assurance of the safety of the cryptographic system.
Design/methodology/approach
A new definition is introduced in this paper.
Findings
After introducing the e‐derivative, the authors obtain some relevant cryptographic properties and theorems which can fully reveal the relationships between characteristics and structures of Boolean functions. In logic circuit fields, the authors conduct the test to all the signals with numerical value 1 in the transmission line using the e‐derivative, which improves the ability of the test. In addition, when there is no expression of the transmission line the authors will obtain it through the vector, and then do troubleshooting.
Research limitations/implications
Logic circuit is the main limitation in the fault detection.
Practical implications
A very useful method for assurance of the safety of cryptographic systems.
Originality/value
This paper is the first time, in cryptology fields, that the e‐derivative of Boolean functions as a new definition is introduced to fully reveal the relationships between characteristics and structures of Boolean functions. In addition, they can also be applied to the locating test of the breakdown, which improves the ability of the test.
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Yao‐Jun Ding, Zhuo Wang and Jian‐Hua Ye
The purpose of this paper is to provide the general method for the solution of the Boolean function's primary function, and its application in encryption systems.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide the general method for the solution of the Boolean function's primary function, and its application in encryption systems.
Design/methodology/approach
In the Boolean function theory, there is always a lack in the general method for the solution of primary function. This paper uses a very useful tool – e‐derivative, and by the help of this tool, obtains some very useful theorems.
Findings
The paper not only finds the method of solving the primary function of the Boolean function but also provides its application in encryption systems.
Research limitations/implications
The Boolean function's primary function is also very useful in the detection of circuitry, not introduced in this paper.
Practical implications
This paper is very useful for information security.
Originality/value
The paper solves the initial‐value problem of the Boolean function's primary function, and constructs some Boolean functions with many cryptographical characters which are very useful in encryption systems.
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Saket Shanker, Hritika Sharma and Akhilesh Barve
The restaurant network is reforming rapidly due to the advancements encountered so far in the restaurant–third party logistics (3PL) collaborations. These collaborations resulting…
Abstract
Purpose
The restaurant network is reforming rapidly due to the advancements encountered so far in the restaurant–third party logistics (3PL) collaborations. These collaborations resulting from a strategical partnership between the restaurant and the 3PLs play a significant role in getting a good handle on the web, logistics activities, online business and many more services. Despite the collaborations, 3PL in the restaurant supply chain is associated with many risks that may hamper the supply chain's profitability. In this study, several risks related to 3PL are investigated and analysed.
Design/methodology/approach
Deciding the relative importance of different risks is an intricate errand. The predominance of one risk over the others changes from individual to individual and ?rm to ?rm. Therefore, to catch the changeability in choice, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is an extremely valuable tool used in this research. In addition to this, fuzzy AHP is incorporated with fuzzy TOPSIS for preference ranking of 3PL risks in the restaurant supply chain and obtain risk index value, which provides an excellent approach to rank the risks. Furthermore, we performed a sensitivity analysis to analyse the stability of the results obtained in this study.
Findings
Results indicate that “macro-level risks” (i.e. the risks associated with 3PL in the restaurant supply chain due to political agitation in the district, cataclysmic events, ailments like COVID-19, bird influenza, etc.) is the most relevant first-level risk with high-risk index as well as high relative weight. As per the analysis of second-level risks, the occurrence of cataclysmic events holds the most elevated risk index value.
Practical implications
This research provides the restaurant industry and the 3PL with a generalized framework with set parameters that can be used to attain a successful 3PL in the restaurant supply chain of any developing nation.
Originality/value
This research proposes an evaluation framework for the risk assessment of third-party logistics in the restaurant supply chain. This paper explores risks for efficient implementation of 3PL in the restaurant supply chain. From a managerial perspective, the rank table is also provided with the goal that mitigation of the risks can be done quickly.
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Evaluating preservice teachers’ performance is essential for quality teacher education programs. Since the 1980s, China has explored a new, more appropriate and effective…
Abstract
Evaluating preservice teachers’ performance is essential for quality teacher education programs. Since the 1980s, China has explored a new, more appropriate and effective evaluation system in teacher education. Traditional assessment systems have shortcomings, such as being one-shot, single measures, with more emphasis on quantitative than qualitative assessments. These limitations affect students’ learning motivation and progress, and subsequently the quality of teachers and teacher education. Under China’s New Curriculum Reform, preservice teacher evaluation is being adapted accordingly. Thus, more effective and easy-to-implement evaluation methods will be examined. Portfolios are a relatively new assessment tool, originating in the West. An increasing number of teacher education programs in China has adopted portfolio assessment, but efforts are needed to improve its implementation. Standards, for example, are necessary to measure its effectiveness. This chapter reviews the teacher knowledge literature and how it relates to portfolio building, describes and explains the use of portfolios in teacher education, and then shows a typical portfolio template and its content to illustrate its use in China. Finally, the issues and challenges encountered while using portfolio assessment are discussed. Any lessons for international teacher education programs experiencing similar assessment issues with their evaluation systems are shared.
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Qingang Xiong, Arash Khosravi, Narjes Nabipour, Mohammad Hossein Doranehgard, Aida Sabaghmoghadam and David Ross
This paper aims to numerically investigate the nanofluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation during natural convection in an annulus.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to numerically investigate the nanofluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation during natural convection in an annulus.
Design/methodology/approach
The lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the velocity and temperature fields. Furthermore, some special modifications are applied to make the lattice Boltzmann method capable for simulation in the curved boundary conditions. The annulus is filled with CuO-water nanofluid. The dynamic viscosity of nanofluid is estimated using KLL (Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li) model, and the nanoparticle shape effect is taken account in calculating the thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the local/volumetric entropy generation is used to show the irreversibility under influence of different parameters.
Findings
The effect of considered governing parameters including Rayleigh number (103<Ra < 106); nanoparticle concentration (0<<0.04) and configuration of annulus on the flow structure; temperature field; and local and total entropy generation and heat transfer rate are presented.
Originality/value
The originality of this work is using of lattice Boltzmann method is simulation of natural convection in a curved configuration and using of Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li correlation for simulation of nanofluid.