David H. Rosenbloom and Zeev Segal
How suitable is the New Public Management (NPM), which developed in parliamentary systems, to presidential democracies? The answer is important to reform efforts in the U.S…
Abstract
How suitable is the New Public Management (NPM), which developed in parliamentary systems, to presidential democracies? The answer is important to reform efforts in the U.S. federal government and in several Latin American nations. According to Fred Riggs, the requirements of successful public administration in “presidentialist” and parliamentary systems differ considerably. Israelʼs experience with reform presents a natural experiment that supports Riggs” theory of presidentialisi administration. Israel embarked on NPM-style reforms when it was a pure parliamentary democracy. Its reform program was revised in ways that fit Riggsʼ prescriptions for presidentialism after the country adopted major electoral and structural changes that made it “semi-presidentialist.” Although a single case study of limited duration, the Israeli experience suggests that there is a distinctive logic to presidentialist administration that is readily understood by government officials who perforce must assess the demands of constitutional structure on administrative arrangements.
The global Covid-19 pandemic is posing considerable challenges for governments throughout the world and has and will have a significant influence on the shape of peoples social…
Abstract
The global Covid-19 pandemic is posing considerable challenges for governments throughout the world and has and will have a significant influence on the shape of peoples social and economic life and wellbeing in the short and longer term. This opinion paper discusses the current health policy response adopted in England to control or manage the epidemic and identifies the key sociological and political influences which have shaped these policies. Drawing on the theoretical approach set out in his recent book, which emphasises the interplay of powerful structural and economic interest groups, the author will consider the influence of the key players. Government policy has tied itself to scientific and medical evidence and protecting the NHS so the key roles of the medical profession, public health scientific community and NHS management and their respective and relative powerful influences will be discussed. The government needs the support of the public if their policies are to be successful, so how have the government addressed maintaining public trust in this “crisis” and how much trust do the public have in the government and what has influenced it? The strong emphasis on social distancing and social isolation in the national government policy response to Covid-19 has placed an increasing public reliance on the traditional and social media for sources of information so how the media has framed the policy will be considered. One policy aim is for an effective vaccine and the influence of the drug industry in its development is discussed. Finally, the role of the state will be discussed and what has shaped its social and economic policies.
Details
Keywords
Omar Farooq, Harit Satt and Souhail Ramid
The purpose of this paper is to document how male and female managers respond to competition posed by informal firms.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to document how male and female managers respond to competition posed by informal firms.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology uses the ordered logistic regression and the data provided by the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey to test the arguments for firms headquartered in India.
Findings
The findings show that firms managed by females are more likely to consider informal competition as a bigger obstacle for their operations than firms managed by males. It also shows that this relationship is more pronounced in provinces with weak institutional infrastructure. Lastly, the paper shows that firms managed by females respond to competition from the informal sector by undertaking more innovations than firms managed by males.
Originality/value
This research extends the literature on gender differences in response to competition by documenting how female managers respond to external competition in emerging markets.
Details
Keywords
Rune Dall Jensen, Sissel Ravn and Mette Krogh Christensen
Education of the surgeon and development of surgical expertise have been debated for centuries. Today, research in surgical education applies terms and methods from other…
Abstract
Purpose
Education of the surgeon and development of surgical expertise have been debated for centuries. Today, research in surgical education applies terms and methods from other performance domains such as sport and music. However, there still seems to be a lack of consensus as to how talent may be brought into the discourse about surgical education. Especially, when it comes to identifying and developing trainees who in the future will perform better than the average surgeon.
Design/methodology/approach
This five-step scoping study aims to map existing literature about talent identification, talent development and development of expertise in the domains of surgery, sport and music in the period of 1985-2014.
Findings
A total of 242 studies, divided in the four domains of surgery (69 studies), sport (115 studies), music (34 studies) and cross-disciplinary studies (24 studies) published in the period 1985-2014 were included.
Originality/value
Informed by the performance domains of sports and music and their inclusion of a holistic, ecological approach to research, this study suggests that research in surgical education may benefit from broadening its view on talent by including psychosocial variables and environmental, demographic and structural influencers when considering how surgical talent may be identified and developed.