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Article
Publication date: 5 May 2015

Yuanming Chen, Shouxu Wang, Xuemei He, Wei He, Vadim V. Silberschmidt and Ze Tan

– The purpose of this paper is to form copper coin-embedded printed circuit board (PCB) for high heat dissipation.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to form copper coin-embedded printed circuit board (PCB) for high heat dissipation.

Design/methodology/approach

Manufacturing optimization of copper coin-embedded PCB involved in the design and treatment of copper coin, resin flush removal and flatness control. Thermal simulation was used to investigate the effect of copper coin on heat dissipation of PCB products. Lead-free reflow soldering and thrust tests were used to characterize the reliable performance of copper coin-embedded PCB.

Findings

The copper coin-embedded PCB had good agreement with resin flush removal and flatness control. Thermal simulation results indicated that copper coin could significantly enhance the heat-dissipation rate by means of a direct contact with the high-power integrated circuit chip. The copper coin-embedded PCB exhibited a reliable structure capable of withstanding high-temperature reflow soldering and high thrust testing.

Originality/value

The use of a copper coin-embedded PCB could lead to higher heat dissipation for the stable performance of high-power electronic components. The copper coin-embedded method could have important potential for improving the design for heat dissipation in the PCB industry.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 41 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Article
Publication date: 28 October 2014

Jianhui Lin, Chong Wang, Yuanming Chen, Wei He, Dingjun Xiao and Ze Tan

The purpose of this paper was to present a simple and convenient technology to produce the electronic-grade CuO. The prepared electronic-grade CuO fully meets the demands of…

536

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to present a simple and convenient technology to produce the electronic-grade CuO. The prepared electronic-grade CuO fully meets the demands of industrial production of high density interconnect (HDI).

Design/methodology/approach

A new method termed as open-circuit potential-time technology is proposed to measure the dissolution time of CuO in plating solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were used to characterize the prepared CuO. Solder shock and reflow tests were carried out to examine the Cu deposits.

Findings

All aspects of the prepared CuO meet the demands of printed circuit board (PCB) industry.

Originality/value

A simple and convenient technology was presented to produce the electronic-grade CuO. A new method was proposed to determine the dissolution time of CuO in plating solution.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 40 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Article
Publication date: 2 February 2015

Linxian Ji, Chong Wang, Shouxu Wang, Wei He, Dingjun Xiao and Ze Tan

The purpose of this paper is to optimize experimental parameters and gain further insights into the plating process in the fabrication of high-density interconnections of printed…

583

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to optimize experimental parameters and gain further insights into the plating process in the fabrication of high-density interconnections of printed circuit boards (PCBs) by the rotating disc electrode (RDE) model. Via metallization by copper electrodeposition for interconnection of PCBs has become increasingly important. In this metallization technique, copper is directly filled into the vias using special additives. To investigate electrochemical reaction mechanisms of electrodeposition in aqueous solutions, using experiments on an RDE is common practice.

Design/methodology/approach

An electrochemical model is presented to describe the kinetics of copper electrodeposition on an RDE, which builds a bridge between the theoretical and experimental study for non-uniform copper electrodeposition in PCB manufacturing. Comsol Multiphysics, a multiphysics simulation platform, is invited to modeling flow field and potential distribution based on a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric physical modeling. The flow pattern in the electrolyte is determined by the 2D Navier–Stokes equations. Primary, secondary and tertiary current distributions are performed by the finite element method of multiphysics coupling.

Findings

The ion concentration gradient near the cathode and the thickness of the diffusion layer under different rotating velocities are achieved by the finite element method of multiphysics coupling. The calculated concentration and boundary layer thicknesses agree well with those from the theoretical Levich equation. The effect of fluid flow on the current distribution over the electrode surface is also investigated in this model. The results reveal the impact of flow parameters on the current density distribution and thickness of plating layer, which are most concerned in the production of PCBs.

Originality/value

By RDE electrochemical model, we build a bridge between the theoretical and experimental study for control of uniformity of plating layer by concentration boundary layer in PCB manufacturing. By means of a multiphysics coupling platform, we can accurately analyze and forecast the characteristic of the entire electrochemical system. These results reveal theoretical connections of current density distribution and plating thickness, with controlled parameters in the plating process to further help us comprehensively understand the mechanism of copper electrodeposition.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 41 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Article
Publication date: 5 October 2015

Jing Liu

The purpose of this paper is to apply analysis of public discourses on Ze Xiao to explore and interpret the power relationships shaping inequality in admission to public junior…

300

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply analysis of public discourses on Ze Xiao to explore and interpret the power relationships shaping inequality in admission to public junior high schools in urban China.

Design/methodology/approach

This study first introduces the rise of Ze Xiao as an educational phenomenon in China. It then elucidates power relationships in public school admission by analyzing continuities and changes in stakeholders’ interaction in public school admission. It concludes by discussing educational reform for equal public school admission in urban China. Data were collected from written and spoken texts about public school admission, including newspaper articles from the 1980s to the 2000s, policy documents and interviews with relevant stakeholders.

Findings

Findings demonstrate that multi-layered power relationships caused diverse inequalities in admission to public secondary education in urban China. These are represented by political and institutional privileges and an imbalance in education development during the social transition from a profit-driven approach in the 1990s to a balance-centered one after 2000. Arguably, there is a necessity to further promote a systematic reform to terminate the privileges and imbalance for an equal and balanced public secondary education in urban China post-2015.

Originality/value

This study attempts to make a contribution toward reconstructing the meaning of inequality in admission to public junior high schools in urban areas by revealing the power relationships among stakeholders constituted through their interactions in public education during the different stages of socio-economic development in urban China.

Details

Asian Education and Development Studies, vol. 4 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-3162

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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2018

Tengjiao Lin, Zi-ran Tan, Ze-yin He, Hong Cao and He-sheng Lv

This paper aims to introduce the moment of inertia of the driving and driven end of the clutch into the analysis of the transient temperature field of a friction plate and studied…

306

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce the moment of inertia of the driving and driven end of the clutch into the analysis of the transient temperature field of a friction plate and studied the influencing factors on that, especially to a marine gearbox.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis model of a wet clutch friction plate used in a marine gearbox is developed, and the transient characteristics of the temperature field during engagement are analyzed with taking account of the influence factors such as the sliding friction coefficient, engaging revolving speed, moment of inertia and applied engagement pressure.

Findings

The paper found out that the hot spot appears on the surface of the friction plate, taking account of the effect of radial slots and spiral groove. To avoid damage to the friction plate as a result of overheating, the appropriate sliding friction coefficient, lower engaging revolving speed and reasonable selection of applied engagement pressure curve can ensure a favorable heating situation of the friction plate. The reasonable structural design for the clutch with a bigger moment of inertia of driving end and smaller moment of inertia of driven end can reduce the engaging time effectively and decrease the peak temperature of the friction plate.

Originality/value

This paper fulfils a method to study the transient temperature field of a wet clutch friction plate, especially used in a marine gearbox.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 70 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 28 February 2007

Allen C. Kelley and Robert M. Schmidt

Abstract

Details

Population Change, Labor Markets and Sustainable Growth: Towards a New Economic Paradigm
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44453-051-6

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Article
Publication date: 27 March 2009

Chun‐Fei Hsu, Chia‐Yu Hsu, Chih‐Min Lin and Tsu‐Tian Lee

A chaotic system is a nonlinear deterministic system that displays complex, noisy‐like and unpredictable behavior. The interest in chaotic systems lies mostly upon their complex…

283

Abstract

Purpose

A chaotic system is a nonlinear deterministic system that displays complex, noisy‐like and unpredictable behavior. The interest in chaotic systems lies mostly upon their complex, unpredictable behavior, and extreme sensitivity to initial conditions as well as parameter variations. Based on wavelet neural network's (WNN) online approximation ability, the purpose of this paper is to propose an adaptive Gaussian wavelet neural control (AGWNC) system to control a chaotic system.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed AGWNC system is composed of a wavelet neural controller and a compensation tangent controller. The wavelet neural controller utilizes a Gaussian WNN to mimic an ideal controller, and the compensation tangent controller is designed to compensate the approximation error between the ideal and the wavelet neural controllers. The controller parameters of the proposed AGWNC can online tune in the Lyapunov sense, thus the uniformly ultimately bounded stability of closed‐loop system can be guaranteed.

Findings

The proposed AGWNC system is applied to a chaotic system. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed AGWNC scheme. Simulation results show that not only the favorable control performance can be achieved but also the control efforts without any chattering phenomena. Moreover, all controller parameters can be online tuning by the derived adaptive laws based on the Lyapunov function.

Originality/value

The proposed AGWNC approach is interesting for the design of an intelligent control scheme. The main contributions of this paper are: the overall closed‐loop control system is globally stable in uniform ultimate boundedness; the tracking error can be asymptotically attenuated to a desired small level around zero by appropriate chosen parameters and learning rates; and the AGWNC system can achieve favorable tracking performance.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 20 June 2019

Ze-Xiang Wu, Hui Ji, Jian Han and Chuang Yu

Current modellings of granular collapse are lack of considering the effect of soil density. This paper aims to present a numerical method to analyse the collapse of granular…

190

Abstract

Purpose

Current modellings of granular collapse are lack of considering the effect of soil density. This paper aims to present a numerical method to analyse the collapse of granular column based on the critical-state soil mechanics.

Design/methodology/approach

In the proposed method, a simple critical-state based constitutive model is first adopted and implemented into a finite element code using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian technique for large deformation analysis. Simulations of column collapse with various aspect ratios are then conducted for a given initial soil density. The effect of aspect ratio on the final size of deposit morphology, dynamical collapse profiles and the stable region is discussed comparing to experimental results. Moreover, complementary simulations with various initial soil densities on each aspect ratio are conducted.

Findings

Simulations show that a lower value of initial density leads to a lower final deposit height and a longer run-out distance. The simulated evolutions of kinetic energy and collapsing profile with time by the proposed numerical approach also show clearly a soil density-dependent collapse process.

Practical implications

To the end, this study can improve the understanding of column collapse in different aspect ratios and soil densities, and provide a computational tool for the analysis of real scale granular flow.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is proposed in a numerical approach to model granular column collapse considering the influences of aspect ratio and initial void ratio. The proposed approach is based on the finite element platform with coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian technique for large deformation analysis and implementing the critical-state based model accounting for the effect of soil density.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 36 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 18 September 2020

Wee Kheng Tan and Kuan-Ju Lu

The impact of smartphone use at tourist destinations on the relationship of travel companions and trip satisfaction remains unclear. This study considers differences in relational…

656

Abstract

Purpose

The impact of smartphone use at tourist destinations on the relationship of travel companions and trip satisfaction remains unclear. This study considers differences in relational outcomes arising from smartphone use to kill time and reduce boredom during leisure travel with different companions, either family or friends, and uses the Riva's emotion regulation model to examine whether such smartphone use provides immediate relief from ostracism.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least square (PLS) method and PLS multigroup analysis were used to analyze the data collected from 205 Taiwanese tourists (104 respondents vacationing with friends and 101 respondents with family).

Findings

This study found no negative effect of smartphone use to kill time and reduce boredom on relationship satisfaction and overall trip satisfaction. Smartphone use is rather limited as a contributor to trip satisfaction, and the effect of smartphone use depends on who the tourists are traveling with. The results reflect the effect of the established position of smartphones in everyday life, extending to tourism. The use of smartphones to kill time and avoid boredom is not a sufficiently “active” activity to serve as an effective immediate response to ostracism.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the continuing debate on the impact of new technologies on social relations. Although past studies have examined the relational outcomes of smartphone use, few have investigated this subject in the context of different travel companions. Using Riva's emotion regulation model, this study considers smartphone use as a possible response to ostracism.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 33 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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Article
Publication date: 31 July 2023

Anurag Tiwari and Priyabrata Mohapatra

The purpose of this study is to formulate a new class of vehicle routing problem with an objective to minimise the total cost of raw material collection and derive a new approach…

137

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to formulate a new class of vehicle routing problem with an objective to minimise the total cost of raw material collection and derive a new approach to solve optimization problems. This study can help to select the optimum number of suppliers based on cost.

Design/methodology/approach

To model the raw material vehicle routing problem, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem is formulated. An interesting phenomenon added to the proposed problem is that there is no compulsion to visit all suppliers. To guarantee the demand of semiconductor industry, all visited suppliers should reach a given raw material capacity requirement. To solve the proposed model, the authors developed a novel hybrid approach that is a combination of block and edge recombination approaches. To avoid bias, the authors compare the results of the proposed methodology with other known approaches, such as genetic algorithms (GAs) and ant colony optimisation (ACO).

Findings

The findings indicate that the proposed model can be useful in industries, where multiple suppliers are used. The proposed hybrid approach provides a better sequence of suppliers compared to other heuristic techniques.

Research limitations/implications

The data used in the proposed model is generated based on previous literature. The problem derives from the assumption that semiconductor industries use a variety of raw materials.

Practical implications

This study provides a new model and approach that can help practitioners and policymakers select suppliers based on their logistics costs.

Originality/value

This study provides two important contributions in the context of the supply chain. First, it provides a new variant of the vehicle routing problem in consideration of raw material collection; and second, it provides a new approach to solving optimisation problems.

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