Rıdvan Kocaman, Müjdat Özmen and B. Zafer Erdoğan
In the extant literature, the concepts of charity and philanthropy have been differentiated based on the belief that charity stems from religious motivations and philanthropy is…
Abstract
Purpose
In the extant literature, the concepts of charity and philanthropy have been differentiated based on the belief that charity stems from religious motivations and philanthropy is often secular in origin. Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate whether there is a distinction between managerial practices regarding the given concepts as emphasized in the conceptual discussions.
Design/methodology/approach
To see the managerial practices, the authors determined bazaars, community fundraising events organized by nonprofit organizations (NPOs), as the research field. Then, this study followed the general systematic of qualitative research. Accordingly, the authors conducted 44 interviews with experienced bazaar organizers from 10 NPOs in total. Furthermore, four days of participant observation with field notes were made in each bazaar, which lasted from 7 to 10 days. This study also used archival data as a secondary data source and then analyzed all data with a content analysis technique.
Findings
This study found that the field practices mainly do not support the distinction drawn over the conceptual discussions. Both concepts are nouns describing the act of giving and helping the needy. They are actively performed based on different motives (religion-based and secular).
Originality/value
The relevant distinction is limited to the conceptual discussions and has not been supported by the findings obtained from the field. Also, most of the studies on helping were carried out in the Western context. Studies conducted outside these cultures are quite limited. The value of the current study lies in the fact that it was conducted in a cultural context different from the Western cultures and paves the pathway for future research.
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Zehra Ertosun Karabulut, Zafer Kurt, Elifnur Kalemci, Tayfun Dede and Sabriye Banu Ikizler
This study aims to optimize the design of reinforced concrete retaining walls to achieve the lowest possible cost while maintaining structural stability and compliance with…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to optimize the design of reinforced concrete retaining walls to achieve the lowest possible cost while maintaining structural stability and compliance with standards.
Design/methodology/approach
The Rao1 algorithm was employed to optimize the design, considering seven independent variables related to geometry and four variables related to the reinforcement ratio. Geotechnical and structural analyses were performed using the Coulomb theory for static loads and the Mononobe–Okabe theory for dynamic loads. Cost calculations included concrete volume and reinforcement quantities across varying horizontal and vertical acceleration coefficients in four scenarios.
Findings
The optimization process revealed that the Rao1 algorithm consistently identified design variables near the lower regulatory limits, achieving the same cost across all scenarios. The results demonstrate that the Rao1 algorithm is an effective tool for optimizing the design of self-supporting reinforced concrete retaining walls, ensuring both cost efficiency and compliance with structural requirements.
Originality/value
In this study, the aim was to achieve an optimal, cost-effective design for retaining walls composed of a two-stage stem structure. Unlike conventional designs that utilize single-tier retaining walls, this study emphasizes the use of a two-stage stem configuration. It was noted that the Rao1 algorithm has not been previously applied to two-stage stem retaining walls in the literature. By applying the Rao1 algorithm, it was observed that a design meeting both minimum cost and required criteria was successfully achieved. Therefore, it was concluded that the Rao1 algorithm could be a valuable tool for retaining wall design. This study differs from other works in the literature both in terms of the two-stage stem-retaining wall design and the algorithm used.
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Zarrab has been revealing details of corruption at the highest levels in Turkey enabling him to set up a scheme whereby Iran was paid in gold for oil exports to Turkey in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB226357
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
B. Zafer Erdogan and Stephen Tagg
This study reports findings about British advertising agency managers’ response patterns to a mail survey and four follow‐up techniques (original, photocopy, postcard and letter)…
Abstract
This study reports findings about British advertising agency managers’ response patterns to a mail survey and four follow‐up techniques (original, photocopy, postcard and letter), which were manipulated to determine their individual impact on response rate. Findings should provide original insights to mail survey researchers planning to sample advertising agency managers in reducing both non‐response and sampling bias. The initial response rate was just over 18 per cent and four follow‐up techniques altogether lifted the overall response rate to a little less than 32 per cent. There are several statistically significant differences of importance to mail researchers in reducing non‐response bias and increasing response rate.
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Abstract
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B. Zafer Erdogan and Cevahir Uzkurt
The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and product attitudes, including country of origin, and to investigate whether…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and product attitudes, including country of origin, and to investigate whether ethnocentric tendencies and product attitudes vary by demographic variables.
Design/methodology/approach
Data for the study were collected through a face‐to‐face survey of consumers in Turkey. Of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 283 were accepted as usable for the study. Consumer ethnocentrism was measured by CETSCALE.
Findings
The findings show that shoppers with high levels of ethnocentricity are more likely to be less educated and to earn lower monthly income than those with low levels of ethnocentric tendency. As expected, those with low‐ethnocentricity levels perceive foreign products more favorably than their high‐ethnocentricity counterparts.
Research limitations/implications
The study has two limitations. First, the research sample was located in only one Turkish city which is a clear constraint on the generalizibility of the results. Second, consumers were asked to evaluate the attributes of foreign‐origin products without reference to a specific product group.
Practical implications
These findings provide useful market intelligence for marketing strategists targeting Turkey, but must be generalized with caution.
Originality/value
This paper both supports and contributes to the existing literature by examining consumer ethnocentrism and country of origin together.
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David S. Waller, Kim‐Shyan Fam and B. Zafer Erdogan
The purpose of this paper is to determine attitudes towards the advertising of certain controversial products/services and reasons for being offensive across four different…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine attitudes towards the advertising of certain controversial products/services and reasons for being offensive across four different countries, Malaysia, New Zealand, Turkey and the UK.
Design/methodology/approach
This was achieved by analyzing the responses to a questionnaire that was distributed to a convenience sample of university students in the four countries. A total of 954 were sampled for this study. The results indicated that geography is not a major determinant of attitudes, and that religious and historical factors play a very important role.
Findings
Of the 17 products presented, 11 resulted in similar answers for New Zealand and the UK, and seven were similar for Malaysia and Turkey. However, it was apparent that the two countries mostly populated by Muslims had some differences as Malaysia has a multicultural society that must make some allowances for other ethnic groups. It also appears that racism and racist images are of concern to all those sampled.
Originality/value
The opening up of regional markets and the development of regional and global media, such as satellite television and the internet, will mean that marketers will try to take advantage of the associated benefits of a standardized approach to advertising and promotional activities. For those involved in international marketing, it is important that they are aware of possible differences and cultural sensitivities when entering a new market or undertaking a standardized mass‐media campaign across a region, whether it be Australasia or Europe.
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Trevor Hartland, Heather Skinner and Alison Griffiths
Sports sponsorship is perceived as important in developing relationships with key clients. However, few companies set relationship marketing objectives when sponsoring sports…
Abstract
Sports sponsorship is perceived as important in developing relationships with key clients. However, few companies set relationship marketing objectives when sponsoring sports. This paper aims to examine whether sports sponsors are pursuing the right objectives. It concludes that a deeper understanding of the sponsor's relationship marketing objectives could heighten the sponsor's success, thereby reinforcing and sustaining their own relationship with the sponsoring organisation.
Atta ur Rehman, Danae Manika, Pantea Foroudi and Maria Palazzo
This chapter explores how perceived product innovation influences brand loyalty among UK Apple users, extending the technology acceptance model. Using a quantitative approach…
Abstract
This chapter explores how perceived product innovation influences brand loyalty among UK Apple users, extending the technology acceptance model. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 101 respondents via an online survey and analysed using SPSS. Objectives included examining the mediating role of perceived product usefulness and ease of use, exploring the relationship between product/brand attitudes and brand loyalty and assessing gender's impact on loyalty perceptions. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship among variables, with perceived product usefulness and ease of use jointly mediating the link between product innovation and attitude, affecting brand loyalty. Gender was found to have no moderating effect. The research contributes by highlighting these mediating effects and deepening understanding of product innovation's impact on loyalty. Managerially, prioritising innovation, usefulness and ease of use can enhance satisfaction and loyalty. Future research could explore additional variables to enrich understanding further.
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B. Zafer Erdogan and Philip J. Kitchen
Both advertising and sponsorship are key areas of marketing communications activity, though the latter has acted as a somewhat “Cinderella” subject. In the heightened and…
Abstract
Both advertising and sponsorship are key areas of marketing communications activity, though the latter has acted as a somewhat “Cinderella” subject. In the heightened and increasing consumer‐oriented marketing communications world of the 1990s, this paper asks whether these two marketing communications methods exist in an uneasy alliance or strategic symbiosis. Given the press (both practitioner and academic) coverage concerning integrated marketing communications, it may seem self‐evident that the latter alternative is preferred, but a rationale behind this preferstment is advanced. Notably, the shared conventions of the two communications activities constitute the text of their interactions. This sharing, or as we have termed it, a symbiotic relationship, leads in turn to the what can be described as the unity of a marketing communications culture, or its objective (managerial) mind.