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Housing sufficiency is a critical indicator of national development and growth. However, in most countries, housing affordability remains a significant challenge, leading to a mismatch between housing supply and demand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the housing preferences, current occupation and the resulting surplus and shortage across various housing types.

Data were collected through a survey, and the analysis focused on quantifying the mismatch between preferred and occupied housing types.

Results revealed significant disparities between housing preferences and current occupation, with some housing types experiencing surplus and others facing shortages. The findings uncovered a 23% discrepancy in housing demand and supply. The sensitivity results indicate that 30% of the respondents currently living in a particular type of housing unit would choose to live there if given the option. The specificity results show that 90% of respondents not living in a particular type of housing unit would continue to avoid choosing it. Housing price, income, ethnicity, race and location are the major drivers of the housing preferences.

Developers can align their projects with consumer preferences to minimize surplus and shortages. Financial institutions may consider these insights when tailoring mortgage products to meet the diverse needs of potential homebuyers. This research provides a valuable foundation for strategic planning and policy formulation aimed at enhancing housing sufficiency and socioeconomic development in Malaysia.

This study lays the foundation for future research and for incentive mechanisms for homebuyers and developers. The results are useful to policymakers, developers, banks, consultants, housing associations and academics.

The purpose of this paper is to carry out the application of risk reliability-based underwater inspection (RReBUI).

The consequence of failure factor is calculated qualitatively in accordance with the risk-based underwater inspection (RBUI) method but the criteria are modified as an adjustment to the addition and combination of production and reliability information of the analyzed platforms. The probability of failure (PoF) is determined quantitatively by calculating the structure reliability index based on collapse failure mechanism in which the uncertainty of wave load is considered. The PoF criteria from the RBUI are re-modified to adjust the criterion with the highest and lowest reliability indexes obtained in RReBUI study. Selection of exposure category of the platform is still the same as the RBUI method.

The models of three offshore jacket platforms located in each of Java Sea and Natuna Sea were used for the RReBUI application. These six models were previously used in the traditional RBUI application. The results of RReBUI analysis indicated that including the environmental characteristics in the risk assessment resulted in more reliable inspection interval plans.

The drawback of RBUI is that it cannot be used for platforms spread over a distance or different areas, as the failure parameters of these platforms cannot be compared. Furthermore, the RBUI method does not consider the environmental characteristics in its risk assessment. Unlike RBUI, the purpose of RReBUI method is to assess the reliability of a platform based on both structural and environment characteristics. Therefore, the RReBUI method determines the risk of every platform quantitatively without having to compare the failure parameters based on expert justification. The application of RReBUI for jacket platforms has never been developed in Indonesia.