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A diffusion-reaction-deformation coupled model is employed and implemented as a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine in the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS.

Chemical reaction and diffusion are treated as two distinct processes by introducing the extent of reaction and the diffusion concentration as two kinds of independent variables, for which the independent governing equations for chemical reaction and diffusion processes are obtained. Furthermore, an exponential form of chemical kinetics, instead of the linearly phenomenological relation, between the reaction rate and the chemical affinity is used to describe reaction process. As a result, complex chemical reaction can be simulated, no matter it is around or away from equilibrium.

Two numerical examples are presented, one for validation of the model and another for the modeling of the deflection of a plane caused by a chemical reaction.

1. Independent governing equations for diffusion and reaction processes are given. 2. An exponential relation between the reaction rate and its driving force is employed. 3. The UEL subroutine is used to implement the finite element procedure.

Previous studies have mostly discussed the impact of environmental policy on enterprise innovation, but the discussion on how turbulence in environmental policy may affect firms' green innovation has been insufficient. This paper explores the effect of environmental policy uncertainty on corporate green innovation in the turnover of environmental protection officials (EPOT) context.

The authors manually collected the data on the EPOT of 280 Chinese prefecture-level cities, and used the Poisson regression model to conduct empirical analyses based on the panel data of 1472 Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2008 to 2017.

The results show that environmental policy uncertainty leads firms to reduce their green patent applications only for green invention patent applications. Such an effect is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). In addition, when the new directors of the Ecology and Environmental Bureau take office through promotions or are no more than 55 years old, the negative effect is more obvious, but there is no significant difference regardless of whether new directors have worked in environmental protection departments.

First, this paper supplements the research on the antecedents of corporate green innovation from the perspective of environmental policy uncertainty and extends the applications of real options theory. Second, this paper expands the research on the government–business relationship from the EPOT perspective.

A numerical method is developed for steady and unsteady turbulent flows with significant regions of separation. A finite element formulation of the Navier‐Stokes equations with a modified Baldwin‐Lomax eddy viscosity closure is used. The method of averaging is employed to obtain a periodic solution of unsteady flow. The formulation is tested on a problem of flow over a backward‐facing step and the results are compared with experimental and other numerical results. The gross features of both steady and unsteady flows are reasonably well predicted by the numerical analysis, at least for the limited range of parameters tested so far.

The purpose of this paper is to utilize a multi-method design for research on corruption in China. Corruption in any society is inimical to good governance. Singapore, despite her size, is argued to be a plausible model for China.

Taking a multi-method approach, the phenomena of corruption is investigated from: etymological analyses for corruption (European roots) and its Chinese equivalent, 贪污 (pinyin: tan wu) case studies taken from three periods: current, Qing Dynasty and to founding of China (zhong guo, Qin Dynasty) to ground our policy recommendation of China be modeling after Singapore on the basis of our analysis of statistical (2013 and longitudinal) data. In the process, the authors embark on inter-country comparisons (mainly Confucian China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan).

Here are the key insights: scholars are unaware the English word corruption is narrower in scope than the Chinese equivalent tan wu贪污. As far back as 3,000 years, the Chinese had attributed wu, 污 as filthy, polluting, dirty to psychological concept of greed tan, 贪. In English, corruption does not denote greed per se. Falsification of facts as a political ploy dates back to Qin dynasty. Destabilizing corrupt cases occurred in China today as in Qing Dynasty. Singapore rather Hong Kong is a better model for China in reforming society.

This paper illustrates a distinctively, in-depth approach to research on Chinese management. It shows why it is important to clarify key concepts: corruption in the West and tan wu贪污in the East. Historical cases are utilized to show the presence of a continuing Chinese mind set. The authors argued for China to embark on a city-by-city strategy (modeling after Singapore) toward becoming a corruption-free society. Now, as 3,000 years ago, the Chinese conceptualization of corruption embeds the psychology of greed.

China is at a crossroad of her economic development. There is a possible risk of China being destabilized through the corruption of the top rung of leadership. Chinese authorities must with urgency, rein in corruption. An approach is proposed in this paper.

In terms of style, approach and method of research, this paper is highly original. The integrative research here provides a rationale and basis for the Chinese leaders to implement a policy for a less corrupt society.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze long-term institutional causes and consequences of preference falsification by studying the evolution of China’s patriarchal clan system.

The historic study shows that although the clan system was abolished in the Qin dynasty, it re-emerged among high-standing families in the Han dynasty and spread to common people after the Tang dynasty.

The author submits that the clan system was an institutional response to the preference falsification problem that arose due to the dictatorial political institutions first established in the Qin dynasty. It helped people to take collective action by themselves and also opened a back door to influence government decisions. A piece of clear evidence is the co-evolution of the clan system and government personnel system.

In this sense, the clan system probably also helped to prolong the political institutions for 2,000 years.

This is the first institutional study on the clan system in China.

This study aims to present a meta-analysis of the use of serious educational games in museums. The analysis is based on a critical literature review that maps educational roles of museums against serious educational games used in support of those roles. The meta-analysis focuses on the specific context of informal learning in museums.

The research design presented in this study is based on a meta-analysis research design that consists of a critical literature review, a multi-matrix representation of findings of the literature review and a conceptual visualization of the multidisciplinary area of the usage of serious games in support of educational roles in museums.

Clear and detailed categorizations of educational roles and serious games types for informal learning are presented. These are followed by matching these educational roles with published reports of the use of serious games within museums. The study concludes with observations and a conceptual map of the design of serious games for museums.

This study presents the first meta-analysis of research in this emergent multidisciplinary field. It will help serious game designers, museum educators and educational practitioners to make decisions regarding the choice of game type, customization and content design to support informal learning in the specific context of museum educational activities.

Using panel data for the period 2004-2010, this study shows that political connections have a significant positive effect on corporate overinvestment in China while their interaction with related-party transactions has a negative effect. Results also indicate that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) controlled by the Chinese central government tend to have greater overinvestment than non-SOEs. However, their interaction with related-party transactions has an opposite effect on overinvestment, lending support to the conjecture that firm ownership structure plays a significant role in corporate overinvestment decisions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Panel data analysis and regression.

This study shows that political connections have a significant positive effect on corporate overinvestment in China while their interaction with related-party transactions has a negative effect. Results also indicate that SOEs controlled by the Chinese central government tend to have greater overinvestment than non-SOEs.

The research shows some Chinese firms' behavior that indicates expropriation of minority stockholders. Policymakers should be aware of this issue as overinvestment is not good for the economy as a while. The limitation of the study is based on six-year data.

Stockholders should monitor the firms to mitigate the overinvestment problems in Chinese firms.

This is the first paper to examine the overinvestment issue along with related-party transactions and political connections.

This paper aims to present a new method for identification of some flight modes, including natural and non-standard modes, and extraction of their characteristics, directly from measurements of flight parameters in the time domain.

The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), as a novel prevailing tool in the signal analysis field, is used to attain the purpose. The study shows that the HHT has superior potential capabilities to improve the airplane flying quality analysis and to conquer some drawbacks of the classical method in flight dynamics.

The proposed method reveals the existence of some non-standard modes with small damping ratios at non-linear flight regions and obtains their characteristics.

The paper examines only airplane longitudinal dynamics. Further research is needed regarding lateral-directional dynamic modes and coupling effects of the longitudinal and lateral modes.

Application of the proposed method to the flight test data may result in real-time flying quality analysis, especially at the non-linear flight regions.

First, to utilize the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) capabilities in real time, a local-online algorithm is introduced which estimates the signal trend by the Savitzky-Golay sifting process and eliminates it from the signal in the EMD algorithm. Second, based on the local-online EMD algorithm, a systematic method is proposed to identify flight modes from flight parameters in the time domain.

This paper aims to present a machine learning framework for using big data analytics to predict the reliability of solder joints. The purpose of this study is to accurately predict the reliability of solder joints by using big data analytics.

A machine learning framework for using big data analytics is proposed to predict the reliability of solder joints accurately.

A machine learning framework for predicting the life of solder joints accurately has been developed in this study. To validate its accuracy and efficiency, it is applied to predict the long-term reliability of lead-free Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 (SAC305) for three commonly used surface finishes such OSP, ENIG and IAg. The obtained results show that the predicted failure based on the machine learning method is much more accurate than the Weibull method. In addition, solder ball/bump joint failure modes are identified based on various solder joint failures reported in the literature.

The ability to predict thermal fatigue life accurately is extremely valuable to the industry because it saves time and cost for product development and optimization.