Prabha Rajagopal, Sri Devi Ravana, Yun Sing Koh and Vimala Balakrishnan
The effort in addition to relevance is a major factor for satisfaction and utility of the document to the actual user. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method in…
Abstract
Purpose
The effort in addition to relevance is a major factor for satisfaction and utility of the document to the actual user. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method in generating relevance judgments that incorporate effort without human judges’ involvement. Then the study determines the variation in system rankings due to low effort relevance judgment in evaluating retrieval systems at different depth of evaluation.
Design/methodology/approach
Effort-based relevance judgments are generated using a proposed boxplot approach for simple document features, HTML features and readability features. The boxplot approach is a simple yet repeatable approach in classifying documents’ effort while ensuring outlier scores do not skew the grading of the entire set of documents.
Findings
The retrieval systems evaluation using low effort relevance judgments has a stronger influence on shallow depth of evaluation compared to deeper depth. It is proved that difference in the system rankings is due to low effort documents and not the number of relevant documents.
Originality/value
Hence, it is crucial to evaluate retrieval systems at shallow depth using low effort relevance judgments.
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María Sicilia, Mariola Palazón and Manuela López
Brand pages are a very popular tool for companies to communicate with consumers in SNSs. Although brand pages could be considered virtual brand communities, they differ in several…
Abstract
Purpose
Brand pages are a very popular tool for companies to communicate with consumers in SNSs. Although brand pages could be considered virtual brand communities, they differ in several aspects. Thus, this chapter reviews the literature on brand pages attending to the main differences with other virtual communities, the motivations to join brand pages and its consequences for consumers and brands.
Methodology/approach
The studies reviewed have allowed us to identify the main characteristics of brand pages as a communication tool, as well as the definition of an important research agenda for this topic.
Findings
We have identified the main unique aspects that characterize brand pages as a virtual brand community. The motivations to become members of brand pages are analyzed as well as the positive consequences of these pages on the marketing variables. We also identified the research needs on brand pages.
Social implications
This chapter can be useful to both, marketers, by showing them how brand pages work and what motivate consumers to join it; and researchers, by showing them the main gaps on brand pages that should be addressed in future studies.
Originality/value
This chapter highlights the role of brand pages as a communication tool. It constitutes an attempt to review the literature and organize knowledge on brand pages. The characteristics of brand pages and virtual brand communities, the motivations to participate, the consequences for the brand and an important research agenda are developed.
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Taejun (David) Lee, Bruce A. Huhmann and TaiWoong Yun
Government policy mandates information disclosure in financial communications to protect consumer welfare. Unfortunately, low readability can hamper information disclosures’…
Abstract
Purpose
Government policy mandates information disclosure in financial communications to protect consumer welfare. Unfortunately, low readability can hamper information disclosures’ meaningful benefits to financial decision making. Thus, this experiment tests the product evaluation and decision satisfaction of Korean consumers with less or more subjective knowledge and with or without personal finance education.
Design/methodology/approach
A between-subjects experiment examined responses of a nationally representative sample of 400 Korean consumers toward a Korean-language credit card advertisement.
Findings
Financial knowledge improves financial product evaluation and decision satisfaction. More readable disclosures improved evaluation and satisfaction among less knowledgeable consumers. Less readable disclosures did not. Consumers without financial education exhibited lower evaluations and decision satisfaction regardless of readability. More knowledgeable consumers and those with financial education performed equally well regardless of disclosure readability.
Practical implications
Financial service providers seeking more accurate evaluations and better decision satisfaction among their customers should use easier-to-read disclosures when targeting consumers with less prior financial knowledge.
Social implications
One-size-fits-all financial communications are unlikely to achieve public policy or consumer well-being goals. Government-mandated information should be complemented by augmenting financial knowledge and providing personal finance training.
Originality/value
Although almost a quarter of the world’s population lives in East Asia, this is the first examination of readability in disclosures written in East Asian characters rather than a Western alphabet. Previous readability research on Asian-originating financial disclosures has been conducted on English-language texts. This study extends knowledge of readability effects to growing East Asian markets.
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Sumin Helen Koo, Young Bin Lee, Changhwan Kim, Gibaek Kim, Giuk Lee and Je-Sung Koh
The purpose of this research was to develop clothing-typed soft wearable robot embedded with textile-based actuators on ankles for elderly adults needing gait assistance.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research was to develop clothing-typed soft wearable robot embedded with textile-based actuators on ankles for elderly adults needing gait assistance.
Design/methodology/approach
Design guidelines were developed and they included function (type, targeting area, routing line and anchor points), design (size/fit, fabric/material, fastener, detail, color) and actuator (shape memory alloy type, size, deformation type, integration material, integration technique and evaluation method). Fabric-based actuator, integration methods to fabrics, routing lines and anchoring points were developed based on the guidelines and evaluated. Then, three long socks types and a pants type were designed and prototyped. Routing line position displacement measurement test was conducted with the prototypes. A survey was conducted to investigate satisfaction, likeness and use intention on the design/prototype to modify the designs.
Findings
Important design factors were identified, and design guidelines for clothing-typed soft wearable robots (SWRs) were developed. People satisfied the developed SWR designs and prototypes with mean scores over 4.60.
Originality/value
The results are expected to be helpful for designers and developers of SWRs in the development process, and they will ultimately be beneficial to members of the elderly population who have gait difficulties.
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The present research aimed to develop and test cognitive processes through which instrumental leadership leads to creativity via problem-solving rumination and knowledge sharing…
Abstract
Purpose
The present research aimed to develop and test cognitive processes through which instrumental leadership leads to creativity via problem-solving rumination and knowledge sharing with coworkers, based on the self-regulatory perspective of goal progress theory.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 166 male construction workers (nested within 19 male leaders) who completed the total of 1,642 daily diary questionnaires. Further, a group-mean centering approach and several control variables were used in order to improve causal inferences of the results.
Findings
It was found that instrumental leadership predicts problem-solving rumination (an intrapersonal self-regulatory process) and knowledge sharing with coworkers (an interpersonal self-regulatory process), which, in turn, result in creativity.
Originality/value
In addition to motivational processes that explain the relationships between several leadership styles and creativity, the current research found a crucial role of instrumental leadership in predicting creativity.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of introducing a restaurant-menu curation (RMC) chatbot service to help consumers quickly and effectively decide on their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of introducing a restaurant-menu curation (RMC) chatbot service to help consumers quickly and effectively decide on their restaurant or menu choices. To this end, it measures the characteristics of consumer chatbot experiences and analyzes their impact on future acceptance intentions through their attitudes toward the RMC chatbot service.
Design/methodology/approach
This study consists of three parts: developing a RMC chatbot prototype, testing the chatbot prototype and a customer survey based on experience. A convenience sample method was used to collect data from 368 adults who tried the RMC chatbot service before answering a self-administered questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed structural model.
Findings
The results showed that all experience characteristics, except usable facets, had a significant positive impact on attitudes toward the chatbot. Three experience characteristics, “usable,” “usefulness” and “valuable,” revealed a significant positive effect on utilization intention. Attitudes toward chatbot services also significantly affected utilization intention.
Research limitations/implications
The results of this study can offer practical and academic implications for establishing curation services in the restaurant industry that can increase customer acceptance and utilization intentions. Follow-up studies are required to explore and verify the various personal and psychological factors related to the intention to accept RMC chatbot services.
Originality/value
This study is meaningful because it makes it possible to evaluate the introduction of curation chatbot services in the restaurant sector, by developing and testing the dining-out curation service protocol to help customers’ smart choices in the information technology environment.
研究目的
本研究的目的是评估引入餐厅菜单管理 (RMC) 聊天机器人服务以帮助消费者快速有效地决定他们的餐厅或菜单选择的可能性。为此, 本研究衡量了消费者聊天机器人体验的特征, 并通过他们对餐厅菜单管理聊天机器人服务的态度来分析它们对未来接受意图的影响。
研究设计/方法/途径
研究由三部分组成; 开发餐厅菜单管理聊天机器人原型, 测试聊天机器人原型, 并根据经验进行客户调查。使用便利样本方法收集 368 名成年人的数据, 这些成年人在回答问卷之前尝试了 RMC 聊天机器人服务。 PLS-SEM 被用于测试提出的结构模型。
研究发现
结果表明, 除可用方面外, 所有体验特征都对聊天机器人的态度产生了显着的积极影响。 “可用性”、“有用”和“有价值”三个体验特征对使用意愿有显着的正向影响。对聊天机器人服务的态度也显着影响了使用意愿。
研究限制/影响
本研究的结果可以为在餐饮业建立策展服务提供实践和学术意义, 从而提高客户的接受度和使用意图。需要进行后续研究, 以探索和验证与接受 RMC 聊天机器人服务的意图相关的各种个人和心理因素。
研究原创性/价值
这项研究的重大意义在于它可以通过开发和测试外出就餐策展服务协议来评估在餐厅行业引入策展聊天机器人服务, 以帮助客户在信息技术 (IT) 方面做出明智的选择环境。
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Hyeoung-Su Lee and Dong-Ho Bae
The purpose of this paper is to determine the influences of fat content and storage temperature on the quality of frozen pork patties during storage to evaluate the shelf life set…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the influences of fat content and storage temperature on the quality of frozen pork patties during storage to evaluate the shelf life set by the manufacturer.
Design/methodology/approach
Changes in moisture content, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, total volatile basic nitrogen content, and the sensory score of frozen pork patties with 10 and 15 percent fat contents during storage at −5, −15, and −23°C for six months.
Findings
Although microbiological quality remained unchanged, moisture content decreased, and lipid rancidity and protein putrefaction increased significantly during storage. More rapid deterioration in quality was observed in patties stored at −5°C than those stored at lower temperatures. Lipid rancidity and protein putrefaction increased more rapidly (but not significantly) in patties with 15 percent fat than those with 10 percent fat. Overall acceptance of the sensory properties was closely correlated with the above quality indicators, except thiobarbituric acid value. Acceptable qualities of the samples were maintained for the first two, four, and six months under storage at −5, −15, and −23°C, respectively.
Practical implications
The current shelf life of frozen pork patties set by manufacturers, assuming a storage temperature of −18°C, needs to be readjusted considering practical storage temperatures.
Originality/value
No studies have comprehensively explored the effects of fat content and storage temperatures on the quality of ground meat products during frozen storage. These approaches to determine quality changes may be useful for manufacturers to predict and control the quality of their products.
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This chapter presents an empirical effort for the theoretical applicability of sport diplomacy to sport for development (SFD) research by examining how sport played a role in…
Abstract
This chapter presents an empirical effort for the theoretical applicability of sport diplomacy to sport for development (SFD) research by examining how sport played a role in pursuing South Korea's development at given four historical stages: (1) A prelude to Korean SFD before 1945, (2) sport for a new Korea between 1945 and 1960, (3) sport for developmental state between 1961 and 1979, and (4) sport for coming-out parties of the 1980s. This chapter supports current scholarly attempts to situate the 21st century sport for development (SFD) within the history of sport for social good, as well as approaches integrating the role of sport in the 19th century colonization and/or in the modern version of development during the post-war era. By adding an Asian case (South Korea), this chapter contributes to existing SFD literature mostly focusing on Western countries and their former colonies in Africa and South/Central America. It also contributes to the understanding of soft power's dualistic characteristics that direct domestic and international audiences with a new insight into the sport-development nexus in the history of South Korea.
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From 1953 to 1961, the South Korean economy grew slowly; the average per capita GNP growth was a mere percent, amounting to less than $100 in 1961. Few people, therefore, look for…
Abstract
From 1953 to 1961, the South Korean economy grew slowly; the average per capita GNP growth was a mere percent, amounting to less than $100 in 1961. Few people, therefore, look for the sources of later dynamism in this period. As Kyung Cho Chung (1956:225) wrote in the mid‐1950s: “[South Korea] faces grave economic difficulties. The limitations imposed by the Japanese have been succeeded by the division of the country, the general destruction incurred by the Korean War, and the attendant dislocation of the population, which has further disorganized the economy” (see also McCune 1956:191–192). T.R. Fehrenbach (1963:37), in his widely read book on the Korean War, prognosticated: “By themselves, the two halves [of Korea] might possibly build a viable economy by the year 2000, certainly not sooner.”
Jungrae Lee and Sora Kim
The 4th Industrial Revolution changed various aspects of our lives. Those influences also led to many changes in the sports field. The emergence of different wearable devices…
Abstract
The 4th Industrial Revolution changed various aspects of our lives. Those influences also led to many changes in the sports field. The emergence of different wearable devices which adapted Information Technology (IT) played a pivotal role in enhancing the field of sports science. As an example, smartwatches are one of the most popular wearable devices. They monitor an appropriate amount of exercise and manage individual health. These functions reflect people's desire to pursue an individual lifestyle, which leads to a trend of “quantified self.” A diversified market related to smart fitness equipment also provided a reasonable opportunity for people to select various training options. Combining online content with fitness equipment created an environment where people compete globally for individual fitness.
As such, the Fourth Industrial Revolution impacted sports field's development but yielded unexpected results. It has been criticized due to taking care of the body relying on machines, misconceptions of figures, and subordination of tools. Like Nomophobia which indicates a fear of being without a mobile phone, No-watchphobia confuses people. Boundaries between sports and game collapse, jobs of personal trainers are threatened, and inequality index of sports participation is enormously broad.
Critical scholars argue the need for in-depth reflection on whether the rationalization of society influenced by the development of science and technology is truly for human happiness and liberation or leads to restraint and alienation. From the critical scholars' perspective, academic concerns and phenomenological considerations should be contemplated based on the aspects of sports sociology.