This study aims to understand the bi-directional relationship between residents’ perceived community-oriented factors and residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists. It…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to understand the bi-directional relationship between residents’ perceived community-oriented factors and residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists. It compares the mutual influences between the human–place relationship and the resident–tourist relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
A research model with two arrows was constructed, presenting two sets of research hypotheses. Hypothesis A formalizes the effect of community-oriented factors on emotional solidarity, while Hypothesis B formalizes the effect of emotional solidarity on community-oriented factors. Using systematic sampling, this study received 462 valid questionnaires in Macau. These samples were used in confirmation factor analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Findings
In the one-way influence of community-oriented factors on emotional solidarity, residents’ community attachment, commitment and involvement have the greatest effect, respectively, on their welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding and emotional closeness to tourists. In the one-way influence of emotional solidarity on community-oriented factors, residents’ welcoming nature to tourists has the greatest impact on community attachment and commitment while residents’ emotional closeness has the greatest impact on community involvement. Besides, the impact of community-oriented factors on emotional solidarity has stronger explanatory power than the impact of emotional solidarity on community-oriented factors.
Originality/value
Contrary to most tourism studies on residents’ perspectives that only focus on one-way influence, this study suggested a dual-way approach that helps researchers further build complex models to better explain the complex relationships between places, residents and tourists. Furthermore, this study provides a contribution to tourism research on emotional solidarity by clarifying the flexible roles of community-oriented factors on residents’ emotional solidarity.
目的
本研究旨在了解居民感知的社区导向因素与居民对游客情感团结之间的双向关系。它比较了人-地关系和居民-游客关系之间的相互影响。
设计/方法/途径
本研究构建了一个有两套研究假设的双箭头模型。假设A确定了社区导向因素对情感团结的影响, 而假设B确定了情感团结对社区导向因素的影响。本研究通过系统抽样在澳门收到462份有效问卷。这些样本被用于确认因子分析和逐步多元回归分析。
研究结果
在社区导向因素对情感团结的单向影响中, 居民的社区依恋、承诺和参与分别对他们对游客的欢迎本质、同情理解和情感亲密有最大影响。在情感团结对社区导向因素的单向影响中, 居民对游客的欢迎本质对社区依恋和承诺的影响最大, 而居民的情感亲密对社区参与的影响最大。此外, 社区导向因素对情感团结的影响比情感团结对社区导向因素的影响具有更强的解释力。
原文/价值
不同于大多数关于居民视角的旅游研究只关注单向影响, 本研究提出了一种双向的方法, 有助于研究者进一步建立复杂的模型, 以更好地解释地方、居民和游客之间的复杂关系。此外, 本研究通过阐明社区导向因素对居民情感团结的灵活作用, 为旅游业的情感团结研究提供了贡献。
Propósito
Este estudio pretende comprender la relación bidireccional entre los factores orientados a la comunidad percibidos por los residentes y la solidaridad emocional de éstos con los turistas. Compara las influencias mutuas entre la relación persona-lugar y la relación residente-turista.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Se construyó un modelo de investigación con dos flechas, que presenta dos conjuntos de hipótesis de investigación. La hipótesis A formaliza el efecto de los factores orientados a la comunidad sobre la solidaridad emocional, mientras que la hipótesis B formaliza el efecto de la solidaridad emocional sobre los factores orientados a la comunidad. Mediante un muestreo sistemático, este estudio recibió 462 cuestionarios válidos en Macao. Estas muestras se utilizaron en el análisis factorial de confirmación y en el análisis de regresión múltiple por pasos.
Conclusiones
en la influencia unidireccional de los factores orientados a la comunidad sobre la solidaridad emocional, el apego a la comunidad, el compromiso y la implicación de los residentes tienen el mayor efecto, respectivamente, sobre su carácter acogedor, su comprensión y su cercanía emocional a los turistas. En la influencia unidireccional de la solidaridad emocional sobre los factores orientados a la comunidad, el carácter acogedor de los residentes hacia los turistas tiene el mayor impacto sobre el apego y el compromiso comunitarios, mientras que la cercanía emocional de los residentes tiene el mayor impacto sobre la implicación comunitaria. Además, el impacto de los factores orientados a la comunidad en la solidaridad emocional tiene mayor poder explicativo que el impacto de la solidaridad emocional en los factores orientados a la comunidad.
Originalidad/valor
A diferencia de la mayoría de los estudios turísticos sobre las perspectivas de los residentes que sólo se centran en la influencia unidireccional, este estudio sugiere un enfoque bidireccional que ayuda a los investigadores a seguir construyendo modelos complejos para explicar mejor las complejas relaciones entre lugares, residentes y turistas. Además, este estudio contribuye a la investigación turística sobre la solidaridad emocional aclarando el papel flexible de los factores orientados a la comunidad en la solidaridad emocional de los residentes.
Details
Keywords
Rao Zheng, Kui‐Sheng Wang and Yun Wang
Emergence is the kernel concept of complexity science. Lack of precision when people refer to “emergent properties” hinders the research of complex systems. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
Emergence is the kernel concept of complexity science. Lack of precision when people refer to “emergent properties” hinders the research of complex systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop a formal definition of emergence to make it intrinsic to a system and to integrate different views on emergence.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the modeling framework of entity grammar systems (EGS), a formal definition of emergence is proposed and a theorem is obtained for exploring the producing conditions of emergence. With the definition and theorem, three views on emergence are unified using the same formalism of EGS.
Findings
The concept of emergence can be formally defined in the framework of EGS to integrate the “downward causation” and “upward causation” views of emergence and makes emergent properties intrinsic to a system. It is possible to control the production of emergence when the system is analyzed using the formalism of EGS.
Originality/value
A formal definition of emergence is proposed in this paper. This work combines the modeling power of EGS with the formal analysis of emergence, which will prompt the further application of EGS in modeling, simulation, and analysis of complex systems in many fields and will provide practical tools for complexity research.
Details
Keywords
Mohammad M. Rahman, Philip J. Rosenberger, Jin Ho Yun, Mauro José de Oliveira and Sören Köcher
Insights into how fan experience can be used to cultivate football (soccer) fan loyalty are limited. Based on the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) paradigm, this study develops…
Abstract
Purpose
Insights into how fan experience can be used to cultivate football (soccer) fan loyalty are limited. Based on the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) paradigm, this study develops and tests a theoretical model investigating the effects of football-game socialisation, team interest, football interest and transaction satisfaction (stimuli) on fanship and cumulative satisfaction (organism), and subsequently, attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty (response). National culture was a moderator.
Design/methodology/approach
A self-administered online survey collected data from a convenience sample of 762 football fans from Brazil, China and Germany.
Findings
The PLS-SEM results support the S-O-R based model, indicating that football fan-loyalty behaviours are determined by fanship and cumulative satisfaction with the team. Fan experiences, in turn, are also found to be influenced by fan perceptions relating to socialisation, team interest, football interest and transaction satisfaction—elements over which the football team's management may exert some degree of control. Some national cultural differences were found, with three of the model's 12 structural paths significantly different for Germany vis-à-vis Brazil.
Originality/value
This study advances the authors’ understanding of the significance of socialisation and fan-interest factors for football, providing evidence supporting the role of the fan experience and service-consumption stimuli related to those game experiences as significant drivers (stimuli) of the fan's affective (fanship) and cognitive states (cumulative satisfaction). This study enriches the limited body of evidence on fanship's role as a driver of attitudinal and behavioural loyalty. Finally, the multi-country study partially supports the moderation effect of national culture.
Details
Keywords
Emmanuel Ejiofor Anike, Messaoud Saidani, Eshmaiel Ganjian, Mark Tyrer and Adegoke Omotayo Olubanwo
This paper aims to review the effect of using recycled aggregates (RA) on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) following the steady rise in global demand for…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to review the effect of using recycled aggregates (RA) on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) following the steady rise in global demand for concrete and the large generation of construction and demolition waste.
Design/methodology/approach
This study reviewed relevant literature of research work carried out by previous researchers, leading to a deeper understanding of the properties of both RA and RAC. The properties of RA and RAC reported in the various studies were then compared to their corresponding natural aggregate (NA) and natural aggregate concrete, as well as the specifications provided in different codes of practice. In addition, the mix design methods appropriate to RAC and the cost implication of using RA were reviewed.
Findings
Findings show that the contribution of RA to strength appears inferior in comparison to NA. The shortcoming is attributed to the mortar attached to the RA, which raises its water absorption capacity and lowers its density relative to those of NA. However, it has been reported that the use of regulated quantity of RA, new mixing and proportioning methods, the addition of admixtures and strengthening materials such as steel fibres, can improve both mechanical and durability properties of RAC. Cost evaluation also showed that some savings can be realized by using RA instead of NA.
Originality/value
This research serves as a guide for future works and suggests that the use of RA as aggregate in new concrete is technically possible, depending on the mix design method adopted.
Details
Keywords
Bidyut Hazarika, Utkarsh Shrivastava, Vivek Kumar Singh and Alan Rea
The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on society and will continue to be a subject of study for researchers in the years to come. Businesses have implemented…
Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on society and will continue to be a subject of study for researchers in the years to come. Businesses have implemented technologies that reduce reliance on physical currencies, such as e-commerce sites and contactless payments. This study aims to examine the users’ attitudes and behaviors toward mobile payments. The focus is on identifying the most effective techniques and approaches that businesses can use to encourage user adoption of mobile payments.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses survey data from 396 active mobile payment users across the mid-west region of the USA to test the proposed hypothesis. The snowball sampling approach is used to sample the participants for the data collection. This study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the ten hypotheses proposed in this study.
Findings
This study finds that organizational commitment and privacy customization can significantly overcome users’ protective attitudes toward mobile payments during the pandemic. In addition, providing users with privacy customization options can significantly encourage self-disclosure, which is crucial for transaction authentication and fraud detection.
Originality/value
Envisioned in the backdrop of the COVID pandemic, this is one of the earliest studies investigating the role of privacy customization, self-disclosure and organizational commitment on mobile payment adoption.
Details
Keywords
Yun Huang, Kaizhou Gao, Kai Wang, Haili Lv and Fan Gao
The purpose of this paper is to adopt a three-stage cloud-based management system for optimizing greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and marketing decisions with supplier selection…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to adopt a three-stage cloud-based management system for optimizing greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and marketing decisions with supplier selection and product family design in a multi-level supply chain with multiple suppliers, one single manufacturer and multiple retailers.
Design/methodology/approach
The manufacturer purchases optional components of a certain functionality from his alternative suppliers and customizes a set of platform products for retailers in different independent market segments. To tackle the studied problem, a hierarchical analytical target cascading (ATC) model is proposed, Jaya algorithm is applied and supplier selection and product family design are implemented in its encoding procedure.
Findings
A case study is used to verify the effectiveness of the ATC model in solving the optimization problem and the corresponding algorithm. It has shown that the ATC model can not only obtain close optimization results as a central optimization method but also maintain the autonomous decision rights of different supply chain members.
Originality/value
This paper first develops a three-stage cloud-based management system to optimize GHG emission, marketing decisions, supplier selection and product family design in a multi-level supply chain. Then, the ATC model is proposed to obtain the close optimization results as central optimization method and also maintain the autonomous decision rights of different supply chain members.
Details
Keywords
Quan-Quan Wang, Hong-Bo Zhu, Ru-Shan Chen and Yun-Qin Hu
Analysis of the frequency selective surface (FSS) is of great significance. In the method of moments, when the electric size of the FSS increases, huge in-core memory and CPU time…
Abstract
Purpose
Analysis of the frequency selective surface (FSS) is of great significance. In the method of moments, when the electric size of the FSS increases, huge in-core memory and CPU time are required. The purpose of this paper is to efficiently analyze the finite FSS backed by dielectric substrate utilizing sub-entire-domain (SED) basis function method.
Design/methodology/approach
Different types of SED basis functions are generated according to the locations of the cells in the entire structure, and a reduced system is constructed and solved. The couplings of all cells of the FSS are taken into account by using Green’s function and Galerkin’s test procedure. The spatial Green’s function is obtained with the discrete complex image method. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the FSS are calculated using the far field of the FSS and the metallic plate with the same size.
Findings
Moderate problems of the finite FSS backed by dielectric substrate are solved with the SED basis function method. The original problem can be simplified to two smaller problems. It enables a significant reduction to the matrix size and storage, and efficient analysis of FSS can be performed. The band-stop type of FSS can be composed of periodic conductive patch cells on the dielectric substrate, and shows total reflection property at the resonant frequency.
Originality/value
The SED basis function method is mostly used to analyze periodic PEC structures in free space. The layered medium Green’s function is successfully employed and several dielectric substrate backed finite FSSs are discussed in this paper. The calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients, which are more effective rather than far field scattering of the FSS, are described.
Details
Keywords
Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of basic structural elements from the…
Abstract
Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of basic structural elements from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The range of applications of FEMs in this area is wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore aims to give the reader an encyclopaedic view on the subject. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains 2,025 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with the analysis of beams, columns, rods, bars, cables, discs, blades, shafts, membranes, plates and shells that were published in 1992‐1995.
Details
Keywords
Taewoo Roh, Dong-Sung Cho, Hwy-Chang Moon and Yun-Cheol Lee
– The aim of this study is to examine the entry mode that retail firms correctly choose when culture is simultaneously considered has a positive effect on firm performance.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine the entry mode that retail firms correctly choose when culture is simultaneously considered has a positive effect on firm performance.
Design/methodology/approach
This study relies on the two-step analysis originally derived from Heckman and applied into multinational enterprises (MNEs) entry mode by Shaver. To figure out the probability of entry mode in the first step, the paper uses the logit regression that independent variable is four culture dimensions and dependent variable is the entry mode (joint venture vs wholly owned subsidiary). Since the selection bias is relatively reduced by adding lambda calculated in the first step to the second step that verifies the degree of fit, the safety for interpretation of subsequent models is secured.
Findings
This study collected 96 entries of top global retail firms and found out the relationship between culturally determined entry mode and firm performance is positively significant. While existing literatures dealing with manufacturing firms' international entries showed that wholly owned subsidiary is favored over joint venture when the cultural distance is high, this study focusing on retail firms in the service sector indicates that those firms are more likely to enter the global market with joint venture. Finally, firms that appropriately understand cultural distance demonstrated higher performance in the target country.
Originality/value
This study focuses on the relationship between culturally determined entry mode and firm performance in the service sector, whereas extant literatures heavily depend on the one in the manufacturing sector. Moreover, the two-step analysis is exquisitely adopted to confirm the hypotheses.
Details
Keywords
Two-dimensional warranty policies exist for certain consumer products, such as automobiles. Here, warranty is specified in terms of the time since the sale of the product as well…
Abstract
Two-dimensional warranty policies exist for certain consumer products, such as automobiles. Here, warranty is specified in terms of the time since the sale of the product as well as mileage incurred during that period. Thus, at the time of purchasing the product, the manufacturer may offer a warranty of three years or 30,000 miles, whichever occurs first. Failures in the product within this specified period of time or mileage will be covered by the manufacturer.
In this chapter, we consider the scenario of enterprise warranty programs, where customers are given the option of extending the original warranty. Thus, the buyer could be given an option to purchase a five year—50,000 mile warranty, whichever occurs first. Of course, the buyer will be expected to pay a premium to purchase this extended warranty. Such enterprise warranty programs are also found in other consumer durables, such as refrigerators, washers, dryers, and cooking ranges.
This chapter explores determination of the decision variables, such as product price, warranty time, and usage limit under the original conditions and further, for the enterprise warranty, that is, the extended warranty time and extended usage limit, as well as the premium to be charged to the buyer who selects the extended warranty. Mathematical models are developed based on maximizing the expected unit profit by selecting an enterprise warranty program. Additionally, some other objectives are also considered based on the proportional increase in the expected unit profit due to the increased market share attained through the offering of an enterprise warranty program. Some results are obtained through consideration of various goal values of the chosen objectives.