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This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/eb001279. When citing the article, please cite: Yukimaro Kawatani, (1981), “Japan in the Computer Age”, Management Decision, Vol. 19 Iss: 7, pp. 9 - 20.

Introduction Although Japan and the European countries involved in computing are at opposite ends of the Eurasian land mass and the cultures are even further apart, Europe is more familiar to the Japanese than some may imagine. Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch traders visited Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries and were the first break in Japan's long isolation from the rest of the world. Jesuit missionaries from the same nations followed the traders, as they did in other parts of the world. Later, occasional traders from other countries, including Britain, appeared in Japanese ports; while they were not permitted to settle, they were received with a courtesy that is surprising in the light of the aggressive empire‐building of so many Western countries, which was frightening to the Japanese leaders.

“Why should we pay for your profit?” is the most common question asked of Avis Car Leasing. The unravelling of the answer is the key to Contract Hire. The basic difference between Contract Hire and the other major lease plan, Finance Lease, is that the cost factors in Contract Hire are guaranteed by the leasing company. In a Finance Lease the costs are borne by and are at the financial risk of the hirer.

In the last four years, since Volume I of this Bibliography first appeared, there has been an explosion of literature in all the main functional areas of business. This wealth of material poses problems for the researcher in management studies — and, of course, for the librarian: uncovering what has been written in any one area is not an easy task. This volume aims to help the librarian and the researcher overcome some of the immediate problems of identification of material. It is an annotated bibliography of management, drawing on the wide variety of literature produced by MCB University Press. Over the last four years, MCB University Press has produced an extensive range of books and serial publications covering most of the established and many of the developing areas of management. This volume, in conjunction with Volume I, provides a guide to all the material published so far.