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This paper aims to introduce the principle of the mask exposure and scanning stereolithography (MESS) and to develop a simulation code to analyze the MESS process.

Photopolymerization is a key reaction in stereolithography. It brings about molecular linkage and releases exothermic temperature. The shrinkage effect is the major cause of prototype deformation, and the shrinkage resulting from scanning and mask exposing is different. It is important to analyze the inaccuracy of each curing layer after the mask exposing in order to optimize the scanning parameters. A simulation code, based on dynamic finite element method, to analyze the shrinkage effect in accordance with scanning path and mask exposure pattern. A benchmark model has been proposed to validate the implementation of the developed code.

The simulation results show that the developed code can analyze the deformation in laser scanning, masking exposing and the MESS process. In benchmark model study, the sharp corner shrinks faster than rounded edge in mask pattern curing. Although the profile scanning can maintain the high accuracy in the MESS process, the residual stress is easily discovered inside of the sharp corner.

The developed simulation code can be applied for optimizing scan path and exposing time due to the analysis process in accordance with the drawing path and fabrication parameters.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the Chinese leader–follower interaction model in school cases considering followers’ effect at varying social distances.

This study uses a case study approach.

First, Chinese leader–follower interactions in school cases are flexible in practice. Second, within leader–follower flexible interactions, contradictory perceptions and field-of-work consciousness foster different behavior choices between leaders and followers. Third, perceptions concerning the proximity of leaders to followers are positively influenced in relation to hierarchical distinctions and negatively influenced owing to private connections. Finally, the perceived leader distance of leaders from followers further influences the contradictory perceptions and field-of-work consciousness of leaders and followers and positively influences the degree of flexible leader–follower interaction.

This study examined a single institution; hence, results may have been influenced by school-specific features and conditions. Future research should study more organizations to explore whether their unique characteristics and contexts could affect leader–follower interactions, thus providing more generalized and universally applicable conclusions.

First, this study proposed a leader–follower flexible interaction model in school cases and the concepts of field-of-work consciousness and contradictory perceptions, exploring the active effects of followers in the leadership process to offer guidance toward better understanding the leadership process. Second, it was found that private connections between leaders and followers, as well as hierarchical differences, influenced the perceptions of both leaders and followers concerning leader distance in a Chinese context, and the influence of leader distance on leader–follower interactions was also analyzed.