Ruth Rentschler, Ayse Collins, Karen Williams and Fara Azmat
Understanding disabled people as gray-collar workers who are under-paid, under-valued and under-employed is recognized as in urgent need of attention but remains unaddressed…
Abstract
Understanding disabled people as gray-collar workers who are under-paid, under-valued and under-employed is recognized as in urgent need of attention but remains unaddressed. Based on 30 semi-structured interviews with disabled people, observations and document analysis, the authors argue that the disabled gray-collar workers in the performing arts provide a context and socio-cultural perspective on how gray-collar workers can attain dignity through social inclusion. Building on a novel framework of four dimensions of social inclusion theory – access, participation, representation and empowerment – the authors identify social interactions portrayed in the performing arts in order to deconstruct the processes that normalize and reinforce exclusion and inequality. The authors demonstrate how social inclusion can be “enabled” which has implications for theory, policy and practice.
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Michelle L. Frisco, Molly A. Martin and Jennifer Van Hook
Social scientists often speculate that both acculturation and socioeconomic status are factors that may explain differences in the body weight between Mexican Americans and whites…
Abstract
Social scientists often speculate that both acculturation and socioeconomic status are factors that may explain differences in the body weight between Mexican Americans and whites and between Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants, yet prior research has not explicitly theorized and tested the pathways that lead both of these upstream factors to contribute to ethnic/nativity disparities in weight. We make this contribution to the literature by developing a conceptual model drawing from Glass and McAtee’s (2006) risk regulation framework. We test this model by analyzing data from the 1999–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our conceptual model treats acculturation and socioeconomic status as risk regulators, or social factors that place individuals in positions where they are at risk for health risk behaviors that negatively influence health outcomes. We specifically argue that acculturation and low socioeconomic status contribute to less healthy diets, lower physical activity, and chronic stress, which then increases the risk of weight gain. We further contend that pathways from ethnicity/nativity and through acculturation and socioeconomic status likely explain disparities in weight gain between Mexican Americans and whites and between Mexican immigrants and whites. Study results largely support our conceptual model and have implications for thinking about solutions for reducing ethnic/nativity disparities in weight.
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Yoon R. Lee and Harold Lazarus
Describes how quality programmes have evolved and discusses usesand criticisms of total quality management (TQM). TQM techniques offeradvantages in addition to satisfying…
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Describes how quality programmes have evolved and discusses uses and criticisms of total quality management (TQM). TQM techniques offer advantages in addition to satisfying customers and helping them to succeed. Constant improvement can turn bureau pathological firms around. TQM brings suppliers, customers, managers, and employees into the decision process. TQM is not really new; it is actually effective and efficient management, but it does far more than sharpen fingers at those who deliver poor quality goods or services. TQM is no longer merely applied to manufacturing; quality improvement programmes now stress a customer focus, employee training and empowerment, top management support and commitment. However, no tool, TQM included, is effective if used improperly.
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Yoon R. Lee and Harold Lazarus
Summarizes the findings of a survey dealing with business meetingpractices in giant Korean corporations. Describes both meeting practicesin very large Korean firms and also top…
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Summarizes the findings of a survey dealing with business meeting practices in giant Korean corporations. Describes both meeting practices in very large Korean firms and also top Korean executives′ feelings about those meetings. Korean executives consider adequate preparation, clearly‐set objectives, agreement on follow‐up actions, and starting on time as the most important elements for a successful meeting. However, these elements are not being implemented adequately. Business meeting practices in Korea have room for improvement, both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. There is also a huge disparity between the perception of the need for training in meetings management and the implementation of such training. Executive development programmes in Korea should certainly include far more training in meetings management.
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Yoon R. Lee and Harold Lazarus
Shows how Mr Cha‐Kyung Koo, Chairman of the Lucky‐Goldstar Group(one of the three larger conglomerates in South Korea), successfullyinitiated and implemented empowerment in his…
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Shows how Mr Cha‐Kyung Koo, Chairman of the Lucky‐Goldstar Group (one of the three larger conglomerates in South Korea), successfully initiated and implemented empowerment in his organization. Empowerment is the process of sharing power with employees, motivating them, and holding them responsible for continuous improvements. The process includes: (1) setting meaningful and mutually‐determined goals; (2) motivating employees to achieve those goals; (3) designing jobs so employees can utilize their creativity; and (4) rewarding outstanding performance. The empowerment process in Lucky‐Goldstar begins with autonomous management, i.e. with delegation of authority to each “culture unit”. Using internal financial audits and results‐oriented appraisals as two strong control mechanisms, each culture unit strives to perform effectively and efficiently. In that process Lucky‐Goldstar provides supportive actions to help the unit continuously improve performance. After each year′s performance, a “consensus meeting” and “signing ceremony” take place to confirm the intense commitment that is required to make the process successful.
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As high school and college graduates enter today's highly competitive and diverse, globalized economies, cultural competence and social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies…
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As high school and college graduates enter today's highly competitive and diverse, globalized economies, cultural competence and social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies continue being essential skills for college, career, and life success. These capabilities are more than valuable assets, they are employability requirements in a modern workforce dependent on navigating relationships and interactions between people from different backgrounds. In education, educators are increasingly expected to cultivate these skills within equitable learning environments for all students, international and domestic. Recent research demonstrates greater need to support international students in the United States who often experience unique academic barriers, stressors, and lack of support services for managing international relocation and integration into unfamiliar academic and cultural systems. To better understand how culturally responsive SEL education can serve as a lever for increasing equitable conditions for international students and to contribute research-based practices on how distance learning can strengthen culturally responsive SEL skills, the following chapter introduces how one online academic and cultural studies course influenced high school and undergraduate international students. Through qualitative and quantitative sources (e.g., written homework reflections; cultural orientation indicator (COI) report; paper: My Action Plan; course evaluation survey), themes emerged from the data that identified how explicit online SEL education, using a culturally responsive lens, contributed to gains in cultural competence, educational equity, academic and professional development, and self-efficacy.
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Mattia Tassinari, Elisa Barbieri, Giovanni Morleo and Marco Rodolfo Di Tommaso
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial policies by focusing on the peculiar experience of South Korea. It analyzes Korean…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial policies by focusing on the peculiar experience of South Korea. It analyzes Korean structural change from a historical and empirical standpoint, highlighting industrial policy interventions involved in this process. The analysis presented offers important insights to inform the debate on the contemporary industrial policy, identifying specific elements and circumstances that can contribute to mitigate government failures and to improve the effectiveness of public action.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a historical and empirical perspective. Concerning the empirical analysis, a composite indicator to assess the process of structural change of economies is presented. This methodology provides annual rankings based on the different economic relevance of the manufacturing sectors over the period 1963–2012.
Findings
The paper shows that industrial policy has been extensively involved in South Korean structural development but public intervention interacted with several other factors, including gradual markets liberalization, education, societal and cultural characteristics and low level of income inequalities. As a result, economic development is conceived as systemic process, namely as the outcome of a balance in the roles played by government, markets and civil society. In this framework, government failures, as inability of the government to respond effectively and efficiently to the general interest of the society, are intimately inherent to the mechanisms that rule the relevant relationships within the system.
Originality/value
In the post-crisis debate, very little attention has been devoted in academic and political debate to the ways to mitigate government failures. By analyzing the historical and recent Korean experience with industrial policy, the paper addresses an issue insufficiently analyzed offering an innovative contribution.
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Noel Scott, Brent Moyle, Ana Cláudia Campos, Liubov Skavronskaya and Biqiang Liu
In a recent paper, Yoon and Lee (2019) (YL hereafter) propose a weighted Fama and MacBeth (FMB hereafter) two-step panel regression procedure and provide evidence that their…
Abstract
Purpose
In a recent paper, Yoon and Lee (2019) (YL hereafter) propose a weighted Fama and MacBeth (FMB hereafter) two-step panel regression procedure and provide evidence that their weighted FMB procedure produces more efficient coefficient estimators than the usual unweighted FMB procedure. The purpose of this study is to supplement and improve their weighted FMB procedure, as they provide neither asymptotic results (i.e. consistency and asymptotic distribution) nor evidence on how close their standard error estimator is to the true standard error.
Design/methodology/approach
First, asymptotic results for the weighted FMB coefficient estimator are provided. Second, a finite-sample-adjusted standard error estimator is provided. Finally, the performance of the adjusted standard error estimator compared to the true standard error is assessed.
Findings
It is found that the standard error estimator proposed by Yoon and Lee (2019) is asymptotically consistent, although the finite-sample-adjusted standard error estimator proposed in this study works better and helps to reduce bias. The findings of Yoon and Lee (2019) are confirmed even when the average R2 over time is very small with about 1% or 0.1%.
Originality/value
The findings of this study strongly suggest that the weighted FMB regression procedure, in particular the finite-sample-adjusted procedure proposed here, is a computationally simple but more powerful alternative to the usual unweighted FMB procedure. In addition, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that presents a formal proof of the asymptotic distribution for the FMB coefficient estimator.
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This study examines the effects of a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative on its employees’ organizational attachment and intent to leave. We propose that…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the effects of a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative on its employees’ organizational attachment and intent to leave. We propose that employees’ perceived authenticity of their firm’s CSR activity mediates the effects of a firm’s CSR initiative on employees’ attachment to the firm and intent to leave. We also hypothesize that employees understand the authenticity of their firm’s CSR initiative based on internal and external attribution mechanisms. We propose that internal attribution enhances authenticity, while external attribution reduces it.
Methodology/approach
We surveyed a sample of 450 employees from 38 Korean companies that were included in the 2009 Dow Jones Sustainability Index Korea (DJSI Korea). To test the theoretical model, we employed a linear structural equation modeling which allows the causal estimation of theoretical constructs after taking into account their measurement errors.
Findings
As predicted, internal attribution significantly increases employees’ perceptions of their firm’s CSR authenticity, whereas external attribution significantly reduces such perceptions. Employees’ perceptions of authenticity, in turn, increase their affective attachment and decrease their intent to leave. In addition, the effects of the two attribution mechanisms on organizational attachment and intent to leave were mediated by employees’ perceptions on authenticity.
Research limitations/implications
Research on authenticity has been case studies or narrative ones. This is one of the first studies investigating the role of authentic management empirically.
Practical implications
We demonstrate that a firm’s CSR initiative is a double-edged sword. When employees perceive inauthenticity of their firm’s CSR initiative, the CSR initiative could be detrimental to employees’ attachment to the firm. This study calls attention to the importance of authentic management of CSR.
Social implications
Informational transparency through social network services become the foundational reality to the contemporary management. To maintain competitive edge in this changing world, every stakeholder of a firm including managers, employees, customers, shareholders, government, and communities should collaborate and help each other live the principle of authenticity.