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Article
Publication date: 11 July 2019

Eryong Liu, Yingxin Zhang, Xiang Wang, Zhixiang Zeng, Huiling Du and Hongmei Qin

This paper aims to improve the tribocorrosion properties of 316L, thus WC/Ni60 coated 316L was prepared by thermal spraying technique.

193

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to improve the tribocorrosion properties of 316L, thus WC/Ni60 coated 316L was prepared by thermal spraying technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Composition and microstructure of WC/Ni60 coating was investigated, and tribological properties of 316 L and WC/Ni60 coating were studied under dry sliding, deionized water and artificial seawater.

Findings

The results showed that WC/Ni60 coating was lamellar structure, and the phase composition consisted of γ-Ni solid solution, carbides and borides. Furthermore, the hardness and corrosion resistance of 316 L in static seawater and wear resistance in dry sliding were improved by WC reinforced nickel-based coating. Furthermore, tribocorrosion results demonstrated that wear resistance of WC/Ni60 coating was also significantly better than 316 L, especially for higher load at artificial seawater. The reason can be attributed to the fact that the passive film of WC/Ni60 coating consisted of tungsten carbide, Ni(OH)2 and FeOOH for WC/Ni60 coating and only FeOOH for 316 L.

Originality/value

According to this study, it can be concluded that WC phases acted as a role in resisting the wear damages. Meanwhile, Ni-based materials performed well in corrosion resistance. Thus, the combined-effect Ni-based alloys and WC phases in WC/Ni60 coating showed better tribocorrosion performance than 316 L.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 71 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 15 December 2022

Jiaxiang Hu, Xiaojun Shi, Chunyun Ma, Xin Yao and Yingxin Wang

The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-feature, multi-metric and multi-loop tightly coupled LiDAR-visual-inertial odometry, M3LVI, for high-accuracy and robust state…

301

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-feature, multi-metric and multi-loop tightly coupled LiDAR-visual-inertial odometry, M3LVI, for high-accuracy and robust state estimation and mapping.

Design/methodology/approach

M3LVI is built atop a factor graph and composed of two subsystems, a LiDAR-inertial system (LIS) and a visual-inertial system (VIS). LIS implements multi-feature extraction on point cloud, and then multi-metric transformation estimation is implemented to realize LiDAR odometry. LiDAR-enhanced images and IMU pre-integration have been used in VIS to realize visual odometry, providing a reliable initial guess for LIS matching module. Location recognition is performed by a dual loop module combined with Bag of Words and LiDAR-Iris to correct accumulated drift. M³LVI also functions properly when one of the subsystems failed, which greatly increases the robustness in degraded environments.

Findings

Quantitative experiments were conducted on the KITTI data set and the campus data set to evaluate the M3LVI. The experimental results show the algorithm has higher pose estimation accuracy than existing methods.

Practical implications

The proposed method can greatly improve the positioning and mapping accuracy of AGV, and has an important impact on AGV material distribution, which is one of the most important applications of industrial robots.

Originality/value

M3LVI divides the original point cloud into six types, and uses multi-metric transformation estimation to estimate the state of robot and adopts factor graph optimization model to optimize the state estimation, which improves the accuracy of pose estimation. When one subsystem fails, the other system can complete the positioning work independently, which greatly increases the robustness in degraded environments.

Details

Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, vol. 50 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Article
Publication date: 5 April 2013

Yingxin Goh, A.S.M.A. Haseeb and Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding on the electrodeposition of various lead (Pb)‐free solder alloys, so that new studies can be carried out to solve…

1332

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding on the electrodeposition of various lead (Pb)‐free solder alloys, so that new studies can be carried out to solve processing issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews the available reports on the electrodeposition of tin (Sn)‐based solder systems and identifies the challenges in this area.

Findings

Compositional control remains a major challenge in this area, where the achievement of desired composition for binary and ternary alloys is subjected to uncertainties. The use of chelating agents in the bath and optimization of parameters can assist the achievement of near‐desired alloy composition. Acidic plating baths are preferred due to their compatibility with photoresists but oxidation of stannous ions causes poor bath stability. Antioxidants, reducing agents and low oxygen overpotential anodes can suppress the oxidation rate and increase the lifespan of plating baths. Apart from chelating agents and antioxidants, various categories of additives can be added to improve quality of deposits. Surfactants, grain refiners and brighteners are routinely used to obtain smooth, fine‐grained and bright deposits with good thermo‐mechanical properties.

Originality/value

The paper provides information on the key issues in electrodeposition of Pb‐free solder alloys. Possible measures to alleviate the issues are suggested so that the electrodeposition technique can be established for mass production of a wider range of solder alloys.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

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Article
Publication date: 4 April 2022

Lina Syazwana Kamaruzzaman and Yingxin Goh

This paper aims to review recent reports on mechanical properties of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders (where X is an additional alloying element), in terms of the tensile properties…

709

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to review recent reports on mechanical properties of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders (where X is an additional alloying element), in terms of the tensile properties, hardness and shear strength. Then, the effects of alloying in Sn-Bi solder are compared in terms of the discussed mechanical properties. The fracture morphologies of tensile shear tested solders are also reviewed to correlate the microstructural changes with mechanical properties of Sn-Bi-X solder alloys.

Design/methodology/approach

A brief introduction on Sn-Bi solder and reasons to enhance the mechanical properties of Sn-Bi solder. The latest reports on Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders are combined in the form of tables and figures for each section. The presented data are discussed by comparing the testing method, technical setup, specimen dimension and alloying element weight percentage, which affect the mechanical properties of Sn-Bi solder.

Findings

The addition of alloying elements could enhance the tensile properties, hardness and/or shear strength of Sn-Bi solder for low-temperature solder application. Different weight percentage alloying elements affect differently on Sn-Bi solder mechanical properties.

Originality/value

This paper provides a compilation of latest report on tensile properties, hardness, shear strength and deformation of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders and the latest trends and in-depth understanding of the effect of alloying elements in Sn-Bi solder mechanical properties.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 34 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

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Article
Publication date: 22 February 2022

Changlong Ye, Yingxin Sun, Suyang Yu, Jian Ding and Chunying Jiang

The mechanical properties between wheel and ground will affect the motion performance of wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot (OMR). MY3 wheel is an omnidirectional wheel. This…

142

Abstract

Purpose

The mechanical properties between wheel and ground will affect the motion performance of wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot (OMR). MY3 wheel is an omnidirectional wheel. This paper aims to analyze the contact mechanical characteristics between MY3 wheel and ground to improve the motion accuracy of an omnidirectional mobile platform with MY3 wheel (MY3-OMR).

Design/methodology/approach

This method takes MY3 wheel as the research objective. The normal and tangential contact mechanics model and rolling contact mechanics model of MY3 wheel are established by analyzing the structure of MY3 wheel, and thereby, the slip ratio of MY3 wheel in the process of motion is calculated. The kinematics model of MY3-OMR is optimized by taking the slip ratio as the optimization parameter that aims to improve motion accuracy of MY3-OMR.

Findings

The correctness of the mechanical analysis and the feasibility of the method are verified by the MY3-OMR prototype. Let MY3-OMR move along the set circular trajectory and square trajectory, and the error between the motion trajectory before and after optimization and the standard trajectory is obtained. It illustrates that the error in the square trajectory is reduced by 1.5%, and the circular trajectory error is reduced by 2%; therefore, the method is effective.

Originality/value

A method based on contact mechanics is proposed and verified. Through the establishment of wheel-ground contact mechanics model to optimize MY3-OMR kinematics model, and thereby, the motion accuracy of MY3-OMR is improved, which lays a foundation for MY3-OMR engineering application.

Details

Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, vol. 49 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Article
Publication date: 31 July 2024

Lina Syazwana Kamaruzzaman, Yingxin Goh and Yi Chung Goh

This study aims to investigate the effect of incorporating cobalt (Co) into Sn-58Bi alloy on its phase composition, tensile properties, hardness and thermal aging performances…

33

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of incorporating cobalt (Co) into Sn-58Bi alloy on its phase composition, tensile properties, hardness and thermal aging performances. The fracture morphologies of tensile-tested solders are also investigated to correlate the microstructural changes with tensile properties of the solder alloys. Then, the thermal aging performances of the solder alloys are investigated in terms of their intermetallic compound (IMC) layer morphology and thickness.

Design/methodology/approach

The Sn-58Bi and Sn-58Bi-xCo, where x = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Wt.%, were prepared using the flux doping technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to study the phase composition of the solder alloys, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are used to investigate the microstructure, fractography and compositions of the solders. Tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Young’s modulus and elongation are tested using the tensile test, whereas the microhardness value is gained from the micro-Vickers hardness test. The morphology and thickness of the IMC layer at the solder’s joints are investigated by varying the thermally aging duration up to 56 days at 80°C.

Findings

XRD analysis shows the presence of Co3Sn2 phase and confirms that Co was successfully incorporated via the flux doping technique. The microstructure of all Sn-58Bi-xCo solders did not differ significantly from Sn-58Bi solders. Sn-58Bi-2.0Co solder exhibited optimum properties among all compositions, with the highest UTS (87.89 ± 2.55 MPa) at 0.01 s−1 strain rate and the lowest IMC layer thickness at the interface after being thermally aged for 56 days (3.84 ± 0.67 µm).

Originality/value

The originality and value of this research lie in its novel exploration of the flux doping technique to introduce minor alloying of Co into Sn-58Bi solder alloys, providing new insights into enhancing the properties and performance of these solders. This new Sn-Bi-Co alloy has the potential to replace lead-containing solder alloy in low-temperature soldering.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 36 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

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Article
Publication date: 4 April 2008

Tülay Esin and İzzet Yüksek

The purpose of this paper is to research the ecological properties of building materials used in some traditional buildings in Turkey and discuss the environmental benefits…

1417

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to research the ecological properties of building materials used in some traditional buildings in Turkey and discuss the environmental benefits thereof.

Design/methodology/approach

Building materials used in some traditional buildings are investigated by a field study in the selected area. In this investigation, after the usage aims of the building materials are explained, the ecological properties and environmental benefits are discussed.

Findings

According to the results of the study, it is found that these materials being obtained from totally natural, local and renewable resources have source‐efficient and energy‐efficient features. They have significant ecological characteristics since they are easily recyclable and re‐usable, utilize agricultural wastes and do not produce any wastes.

Research limitations/implications

In almost every part of Turkey, there exist a large number of traditional buildings with ecological properties which were built at various times in history. However, it is impossible to give examples from each one of them in this study. Therefore, this study is designed to cover the buildings located at the rural area of province Kirklareli, Thrace zone. In further studies, it is possible to compare them with building samples from other region of Turkey and the World.

Originality/value

This study researches the ecological properties of building materials used in some traditional buildings. It is considered that these data would provide guidance for the building designs of today. In the rural areas where population increase rates are not so high, it is possible to use such materials for the buildings. A widespread use of these materials will prevent the environmental problems that arise out of buildings from getting higher in Turkey and in the world.

Details

Facilities, vol. 26 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-2772

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Article
Publication date: 9 May 2024

Weiwei Liu, Jingyi Yao and Kexin Bi

Nuclear power is a stable and reliable energy source that can improve energy structure while reducing carbon emissions, which is of great significance for environmental protection…

70

Abstract

Purpose

Nuclear power is a stable and reliable energy source that can improve energy structure while reducing carbon emissions, which is of great significance for environmental protection and combating climate change. As a unique industry, it is facing rare development opportunities in China and has broad market prospects. However, the characteristics of technical difficulty, loose organizational structure and uneven regional distribution limit the expansion of the nuclear power industry. This paper aims to a better understanding of the accumulation process for innovation capability from the perspective of network evolution and provides policy guidance for the market development of the nuclear power industry (NPI).

Design/methodology/approach

Methodologically, social network analysis is used to explore the co-evolution of multidimensional collaboration networks. First, the development and policy evolution of the NPI is introduced to divide the evolution periods. Then, the authors identify and analyze the core organizations, technologies and regions that promote nuclear power patent collaboration. Furthermore, three levels of collaboration networks based on organizations, technologies and regions are constructed to analyze the coevolution of patent networks in China’s NPI.

Findings

The results show that nuclear power enterprises always play the foremost role in the organizational collaboration network (OCN), and the dominance of foreign enterprises is replaced by Chinese state-owned enterprises in the third period. The technology hotspot has shifted from nuclear power plant construction to the control system. The regional collaboration network was initially formed in the coastal areas and gradually moved inland, with Guangdong and Beijing becoming the two cores of the network. The scale of three collaboration networks is still expanding but the speed has slowed down.

Originality/value

In response to the pain points of the NPI, this research focuses on multidimensional collaborative innovation, investigates the dynamic evolution process of collaborative innovation networks in China’s NPI and links policy evolution with network evolution creatively. The ultimate result not only helps nuclear power enterprises integrate innovative resources in complex environments but also promotes industrial upgrading and market development.

Details

International Journal of Innovation Science, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-2223

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Article
Publication date: 6 August 2019

Meysam Yari, Rasool Kalbasi and Pouyan Talebizadehsardari

This study aims to simulate the flow and heat transfer through an air handling unit to reduce its energy consumption by a novel creative idea of using an air-to-air heat exchanger.

227

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to simulate the flow and heat transfer through an air handling unit to reduce its energy consumption by a novel creative idea of using an air-to-air heat exchanger.

Design/methodology/approach

To do this, both first and second laws of thermodynamics energy and exergy balance equations were solved numerically by an appropriate developed computer code.

Findings

Using the air-to-air heat exchanger in dry conditions decreases the cooling coil load by 0.9 per cent, whereas the reduction for humid conditions is 27 per cent. Similarly, using air-to-air heat exchanger leads to an increase in the first law of efficiency in dry and humid conditions by 0.9 per cent and 36.8 per cent, respectively.

Originality/value

The second law of efficiency increases by 1.55 per cent and 2.77 per cent in dry and humid conditions, respectively. In other words, the effect of using an air-to-air heat exchanger in humid conditions is more than that in dry conditions.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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