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Article
Publication date: 28 January 2025

Xiao Xu, Yimin Zhang and Risheng Long

This paper aims to analyze the frictional performance of the phosphated CTRBs under dry sliding conditions. Through friction and wear experiments and characterization analysis…

2

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the frictional performance of the phosphated CTRBs under dry sliding conditions. Through friction and wear experiments and characterization analysis, this paper investigated the wear mechanism and anti-wear mechanism of the composite phosphating coatings.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used a method of incorporating graphite particles and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles into manganese-based phosphating solution to prepare composite phosphating coatings applied on cylindrical thrust roller bearings (CTRBs).

Findings

The results are as follows: the inclusion of functionalized graphite particles affects the characterization of the composite phosphating coatings, whereas PTFE particles serve a physical filling role and have no influence on the surface features of the composite phosphating coatings. The surface roughness of the composite phosphating coatings is the main factor affecting the frictional behavior of phosphated CRTBs. Roughness affects the amount of PTFE particles adsorbed on the surface of the phosphate crystals. PTFE particles can form a solid lubricating film at the friction interface, and under the same surface roughness conditions, phosphated CTRBs with added PTFE particles can improve its friction performance.

Originality/value

The characterization parameters of the composite phosphating coatings were controlled by adding functionalized graphite particles to the phosphating solution. The effects of adding only graphite particles and adding both graphite particles and PTFE particles on the surface characteristics of the phosphating coatings were discussed separately. The tribological performance of phosphating CTRBs was analyzed through friction and wear testing, and the influence of surface characteristics on wear mechanisms and anti-wear mechanisms was discussed.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2024-0405/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 19 December 2024

Yueyong Wang, Tianjiao Liu, Dan Luo, Zunling Du, Liang Yao and Yimin Zhang

This paper aims to investigate the influence of various laser texture parameters (diameter of pit, depth of pit and area density) on the tribological and tribo-vibration…

20

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the influence of various laser texture parameters (diameter of pit, depth of pit and area density) on the tribological and tribo-vibration characteristics of tapered roller bearings (TRBs) under full oil lubricate conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The laser surface texture parameters include: the diameter of pit (D: 60 µm, 100 µm, 200 µm), the depth of pit (H: 5 µm, 10 µm, 20 µm) and the area density (S: 6%, 12%, 24%). The outer raceway used laser marking device to prepare many regular pits. The tribological and tribo-vibration characteristics of pitting laser textured TRBs under full oil lubrication were studied by using the MMX-1A universal wear tester machine and vibration testing equipment. Through experiment and analysis, the effects of raceway pitting textures on tribological and tribo-vibration noise performance of TRBs were summarized.

Findings

When pit-textured TRBs operate under full oil, compared with the non-textured bearings, the average coefficient of friction and wear amount are significantly reduced. When D = 100 µm, H = 10 µm, S = 12%, average coefficient of friction = 0.00195 and wear amount = 0.12 mg, they are all at their minimum values. Compared to the same condition of non-textured groups, the coefficient of friction decreases by 66.6%, and the wear amount decreases by 79.3%. The energy from time-frequency and power spectrum analyses is mainly concentrated at high frequencies, with the signal power of pitting textured groups being lower than non-textured when the Y-direction is around 3600 Hz.

Originality/value

The experimental work can provide a reference for the investigation on the pitting textured TRBs.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2024-0357/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 77 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2024

Xudong Zhao and Yimin Zhang

This paper aims to evaluate the dynamic performance of hybrid roller bearings under lubricant contamination.

27

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the dynamic performance of hybrid roller bearings under lubricant contamination.

Design/methodology/approach

Some steel rollers in traditional cylindrical thrust roller bearings were replaced with ceramic rollers to assemble hybrid roller bearings. Friction experiments were conducted under lubricant contamination using alumina as the contaminant, and simultaneous vibration acceleration signals from the bearings were collected to evaluate their tribological and dynamic performance.

Findings

Under lubricant contamination, hybrid roller bearings with a sufficient number of ceramic rollers exhibit greater wear resistance compared to traditional all-steel bearings. There is a noticeable suppression of energy in both tangential and normal frequency bands of the bearings, with more pronounced suppression observed in higher frequency bands.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights for the development of hybrid ceramic bearings.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2024-0291/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 76 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 27 March 2023

Huanjun Li and Yimin Zhang

There are three purposes in this paper: to verify the importance of bi-directional fluid-structure interaction algorithm for centrifugal impeller designs; to study the…

147

Abstract

Purpose

There are three purposes in this paper: to verify the importance of bi-directional fluid-structure interaction algorithm for centrifugal impeller designs; to study the relationship between the flow inside the impeller and the vibration of the blade; study the influence of material properties on flow field and vibration of centrifugal blades.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a bi-directional fluid-structure coupling finite element numerical model of the supersonic semi-open centrifugal impeller is established based on the Workbench platform. Then, the calculation results of impeller polytropic efficiency and stage total pressure ratio are compared with the experimental results from the available literature. Finally, the flow field and vibrational characteristics of 17-4PH (PHB), aluminum alloy (AAL) and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFP) blades are compared under different operating conditions.

Findings

The results show that the flow fields performance and blade vibration influence each other. The flow fields performance and vibration resistance of CFP blades are higher than those of 17-4PH (PHB) and aluminum alloy (AAL) blades. At the design speed, compared with the PHB blades and AAL blades, the CFP blades deformation is reduced by 34.5% and 9%, the stress is reduced by 69.6% and 20% and the impeller pressure ratio is increased by 0.8% and 0.14%, respectively.

Originality/value

The importance of fluid-structure interaction to the aerodynamic and structural design of centrifugal impeller is revealed, and the superiority over composite materials in the application of centrifugal impeller is verified.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 33 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 25 June 2024

Ruifeng Liu and Yimin Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new type of embedded solid self-lubricating thrust ball bearing for conditions where grease lubrication cannot be used and to analyze its…

38

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new type of embedded solid self-lubricating thrust ball bearing for conditions where grease lubrication cannot be used and to analyze its tribological performance under different lubrication characteristics (lubrication position, width and filling amount).

Design/methodology/approach

Lubrication parameters such as position (a), width (W) and filling amount (Q) were considered. Grooves were made on the raceway with a fiber laser and solid self-lubricating materials were applied through scraping. The frictional behavior of the new bearing was analyzed using a vertical test rig and the bearing’s surface topography was examined with a noncontact profilometer to study wear mechanisms.

Findings

The new inlay thrust ball bearings exhibited excellent lubrication effects and effectively controlled the temperature rise of the bearings. When a is 0 degrees, W is 0.5 mm and Q is 16 mg, the bearing experiences the least wear, and the friction coefficient and temperature are the lowest, measuring 0.001 and 41.52 degrees, respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, compared to smooth bearings without solid lubrication, the friction coefficient decreased by 96.88% and the temperature decreased by 59.74%.

Originality/value

This study presents a self-lubricating thrust ball bearing designed for conditions where grease lubrication is not feasible. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on its surface morphology, wear mechanisms and tribological performance. This work provides valuable insights into the research of self-lubricating thrust ball bearings.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2024-0073/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 76 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2023

Xiao Xu and Yimin Zhang

This study aims to form composite solid lubricant coatings on the surface of bearing steel, which can significantly improve the tribological properties of thrust cylindrical…

97

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to form composite solid lubricant coatings on the surface of bearing steel, which can significantly improve the tribological properties of thrust cylindrical roller bearings (TCRBs). Phosphating films possess microscopic porosity that typically needs to be sealed with oil, grease or wax. Due to its unique crystal structure, the phosphating film itself also exhibits a certain degree of lubricity. In this study, solid lubricants are used to fill the pores of the phosphating film. By combining the phosphating film with solid lubricants, lubrication and wear reduction can be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the surfaces of the shaft washer (WS) and seat washer (GS) were treated with zinc-phosphating. Subsequently, a solid lubricant solution (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], MoS2 and graphite) was sprayed onto the phosphated samples at concentrations of 1 , 2  and 3 g/L. The porous and adsorptive nature of the phosphating film was used to embed the solid lubricant particles into the film, thus forming a composite lubrication layer containing solid lubricants on the surface of the bearing steel.

Findings

The addition of solid lubricant materials has shown significant potential in reducing wear losses compared with phosphated samples without such additives. Increasing the amount of solid lubricant added can facilitate the formation of a transfer film, which further enhances the protective properties. However, it is important to note that excessive amounts of solid lubricant material can contribute to seizure, leading to increased wear losses of the cage and a higher average coefficient of friction (ACOF).By spraying a PTFE solution with a concentration of 2 g/L, the lowest ACOF and cage wear loss were achieved, resulting in reductions of 60.5% for the ACOF and 89.4% for the cage wear loss. Similarly, when spraying a graphite solution with a concentration of 3 g/L, the lowest wear losses for GS and WS were observed, with reductions of 51.7% for GS wear loss and 38.9% for WS wear loss.

Originality/value

The combination of the phosphating film and solid lubricants aims to achieve lubrication and wear reduction, providing a new approach to wear-resistant technology for TCRBs.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0231/

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 75 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 14 August 2021

Risheng Long, Chao Zhao, Zhihao Jin, Yimin Zhang, Zhen Pan, Shaoni Sun and Weihua Gao

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the friction and wear performance of grooves textured cylindrical roller thrust bearings with different groove dimensions under starved…

211

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the friction and wear performance of grooves textured cylindrical roller thrust bearings with different groove dimensions under starved lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach

The groove dimensions include: width of grooves (WOG, 50 µm, 100 µm and 150 µm), depth of grooves (DPOG, 7 µm, 11 µm and 15 µm) as well as groove deflection angle (GDA, 45°). A fiber laser marking system was used to prepare groove patterns on the raceways of shaft washers. The friction and wear properties of grooves textured bearings were researched through a vertical universal wear test rig using a customized roller bearing tribo-pair under starved lubrication. Static finite element analyses were conducted to reveal their surface stresses. Through the comprehensive comparison and analyses, the influence mechanism of grooves on the tribological behavior of cylindrical roller thrust bearings was proposed and discussed.

Findings

When grooves textured bearings run under starved lubrication, their average coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear losses are all significantly reduced and much lower than those of smooth group. The influence of DPOG on the COF curves is significant, while the influence of WOG on the COF curves is a little weak. The influence of groove dimensions on the surface stresses of grooves textured bearings is weak, whether the WOG or DPOG. In this work, when the WOG is 100 µm and the DPOG is 15 µm, its average COF and wear loss are both the lowest, 0.0066 and 0.61 mg, respectively. Compared with the data of smooth group, its friction coefficient is reduced by 75.3% and its mass loss is reduced by 95.8%, showing a significant improvement in this condition.

Originality/value

This work can provide a valuable reference for the raceway design and reliability optimization of rolling element bearings.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 73 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 14 March 2023

Yueyong Wang, Yimin Zhang and Risheng Long

This study aims to investigate the effect of compound pit textures on the tribological properties of thrust cylindrical roller bearings (TCRBs) using several parameters, such as…

172

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of compound pit textures on the tribological properties of thrust cylindrical roller bearings (TCRBs) using several parameters, such as compound type, pit diameter, pit depth and pit area density.

Design/methodology/approach

The surface texture parameters of the shaft washer (WS) raceway include pit diameter (D; 100, 300 and 500 µm), pit depth (H; 10 and 20 µm) and pit area density (S; 10%, 13% and 18%). Pits were produced on the WS of the TCRBs using laser marking equipment. The friction and wear performances of compound pit-textured TCRBs under starved lubrication conditions are studied using a friction and wear test rig. The influence mechanisms of the compound pit texture on the friction and wear properties of TCRBs are discussed through real tests and discussions.

Findings

Compared with nontextured bearings, the average coefficient of friction (ACOFs) and wear loss of TCRBs with single/compound pit textures are reduced when rotating under starved lubrication. D has the greatest effect on the COFs curve. When D = 300 µm, H = 10 µm and S = 10%, the ACOF and wear loss are the lowest, that is, 0.0207 and 3.38 mg, respectively. Under the same lubrication conditions, compared with the nontextured bearing group, the COF and wear loss are reduced by 41.4 and 59.6%, respectively.

Originality/value

This study provides a useful reference for the raceways of textured TCRBs.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 75 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 18 July 2022

Risheng Long, Qiang Ma, Zhihao Jin, Yimin Zhang, Hui Han, Shaoni Sun and Xuanying Du

The purpose of this paper is to report the tribological behavior of dimples textured rolling element bearings (REBs) under variable load and starved lubrication.

139

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report the tribological behavior of dimples textured rolling element bearings (REBs) under variable load and starved lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach

The pattern parameters include line-diameter of dimples (200 µm, 250 µm, 300 µm), depth of dimples (10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm). Dimple patterns were prepared on the raceways of the shaft washers of cylindrical roller thrust bearings (CRTBs). A vertical wear test rig was used to obtain their coefficients of friction (COFs) under stepped load (1200–6000 N, with a manually increase of 1200 N every 3600 s) and starved lubrication. The wear losses and worn surfaces were characterized. The tribological performance between stepped load and fixed load (4000 N) was compared. The influence mechanism of dimples on the friction and wear properties of CRTBs under stepped load and starved lubrication was also discussed.

Findings

Compared with the data of smooth ones, the average COFs of the dimples textured bearings are almost all reduced under stepped load and starved lubrication, while their mass losses almost all get higher. The depth−diameter ratio and the effective volume coefficient of dimples are the important factors. In this work, compared with the smooth group, when the line-diameter of dimple is 250 µm and the depth is 20 µm, i.e. the depth−diameter ratio is 0.08, its average COF is reduced by 46.8% and its mass loss is reduced by about 7%, showing wonderful friction-reducing effect and good wear resistance.

Originality/value

This work can provide a reference for the raceway design of REBs.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 74 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 25 February 2022

Risheng Long, Qingyu Shang, Zhihao Jin, Yimin Zhang, Zichen Ju and Manhong Li

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of dimples on the tribological properties of the “washers-cage-rollers” system of rolling element bearing (REB) under starved…

289

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of dimples on the tribological properties of the “washers-cage-rollers” system of rolling element bearing (REB) under starved lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach

A fiber laser marking system was used to prepare dimples patterns on the raceways of the shaft washers of cylindrical roller thrust bearings (CRTBs). The friction and wear properties of dimples textured CRTBs with different diameter of dimples (200 µm, 250 µm, 300 µm) and depth of dimples (4 µm, 8 µm, 12 µm) were researched through a vertical universal wear test rig using a customized tribo-pair under starved lubrication. The surface stresses and the influence mechanism of dimple units on the tribological behavior of REBs were also compared and discussed.

Findings

Although the surface stresses on the raceways of dimples textured bearings are significantly higher than that of the smooth group, the coefficients of friction and wear losses of them are all reduced under starved lubrication. When the effective volume of dimples is between 1.13 and 2.25 and the depth of dimples is smaller than 12 µm, the tribological properties of dimples textured CRTBs are significantly improved. In this work, when the diameter of dimples is 250 µm, and the depth of dimples is 8 µm, the textured bearings can provide the excellent friction-reduction ability and outstanding wear resistance.

Originality/value

This work is a valuable reference for the raceway design and optimization of REBs.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 74 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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