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Vision sensor for arc weld seam tracking uses a projected line of light scan from a high power infrared LED, which is detected by a two‐dimensional position‐sensitive photocell. It is compact enough to be mounted on a robot hand and works well on surfaces of poor reflectivity.

Traffic accident on inter-city expressways might cause large-scale traffic congestion. It might increase travel times of many drivers and it produces a large social loss. This study aims to estimate the social loss of travel time of drivers caused by traffic accidents on inter-city expressway using traffic simulation model, and to evaluate the effects of outflow recommendations when an accident occurs on the expressway. The traffic simulation model on Tomei Expressway is constructed to estimate the dynamic traffic congestion. Travel time losses of drivers are estimated by the simulation results with hypothetical traffic accidents. It is understood that the total losses of travel times are depending on the positions of accident spots and the occurrence times of accidents, because it might influence to congestion at the bottlenecks of flow capacity. Moreover, the effect of traffic control in emergency situation is discussed. The influences of outflow recommendations for drivers are estimated using the traffic simulation model.

Emergency vehicles should be planned to have smooth access to people's residences after a large scale disaster. This study proposes ANR, the Accessible Node Rate, which represents the ratio of the number of accessible nodes to total nodes in the network, as an indicator for evaluating the reliability of a local street network. Using the ANR, this study evaluates the urban districts of Nada Ward in Kobe City where the earthquake caused extensive damage, and proposes planning changes to provide the local street networks with higher reliability. Furthermore, in order to see if the ANR can be used for analyzing another city's reliability, a case study of Beppu City which is supposed to have the possibility of the same magnitude of earthquake, is examined. A system that supports traffic network editing and analysis for reducing the workload in a wider area is developed.