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The income structure of banks has undergone a notable change in recent decades; therefore, non-interest-based activities have gained much attention. This paper aims to examine the impact of income diversification on bank performance in Pakistan.

A balanced panel data set of 20 Pakistani commercial banks is used from 2007 to 2020. The random effect model is employed to test the relationship between income diversification and financial performance.

The empirical results indicate a significant positive impact of income diversification of banks on risk-adjusted returns on assets and equity. Moreover, while banks' risk-adjusted profit performance improves with the increase in bank size, equity ratio and loan ratio, it deteriorates with high credit risk and technology. However, geographical diversification does not explain financial performance in all the risk-adjusted return on equity models. Among the macroeconomic factors, the interest rate influences bank risk-adjusted returns positively, whereas gross domestic product and inflation rate have a negative effect on banks' financial performance.

To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first to empirically investigate the relationships between income diversification and the risk-adjusted profits of Pakistani-listed commercial banks. This study has implications for regulators and policymakers of commercial banks.

Workplace incivility has become a global issue; therefore, this study aims to investigate how spiritual leadership can help employees to overcome uncivil behaviors in the workplace. Specifically, the authors explored the mediating mechanism between spiritual leadership and workplace incivility through workplace spirituality. The authors further examined how negative personalities (i.e. Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism) moderate workplace spirituality and workplace incivility.

This study collected data from 369 employees working in the banking sector on a convenience basis. The authors applied structural equation modeling for hypotheses testing.

The authors noted that spiritual leaders help employees to reduce uncivil workplace behaviors and employees’ perception of workplace spirituality intervenes the same. The authors further identified that the negative association between workplace spirituality and workplace incivility is moderated by the dark triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism) such that individuals high in Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism weaken this negative association.

The cross-sectional design may restrict causality. However, our findings not only contribute to social cognitive theory but also suggest management includes civility intervention as an essential part of organizations’ training and development.

This study not only highlighted the role of spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality toward workplace incivility but also shed light on how negative personalities can ignore workplace spirituality to exhibit uncivil behavior.

Employee work engagement has become a major concern for managers as hardly 21% of employees are engaged in their work. Therefore, this study aims to unveil the association between ethical leadership and employee engagement. Specifically, the study explores the mediating role of trust in leader between ethical leadership and employee work engagement and moderating role of harmonious work passion in the association between trust in leader and employee work engagement.

This study collected data from 491 employees and their immediate supervisors working in various organizations (in Pakistan) through “Google Forms”. The data were analyzed through analysis of moment structure (AMOS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine measurement model (for unidimensionality) and structural model (for hypotheses testing).

The study noted that ethical leaders positively influence their subordinates to engage in their work. In addition, employees' trust in leader was noted to mediate the association between ethical leadership and employee work engagement. Finally, employees high in harmonious work passion are more likely to engage in their work when perceived their leaders ethical style.

The study suggests to management that fair dealing and involvement in decision-making (ethical leadership) improve employee work engagement as such practices build employees' level of trust in their leaders. In addition, management is suggested to give freedom to employees while selecting their tasks as it positively contributes to their harmonious work passion which ultimately benefits the organization.

Drawing upon social exchange and self-determination theory, this study is the first of its kind that explored the moderating role of harmonious work passion and mediating role of trust in leader between ethical leadership and employee work engagement.

Knowledge sharing has become necessary for organizations as it is a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how empowering leadership through psychological empowerment encourages employees’ knowledge-sharing (KS) behavior. This study further explores the moderating role of learning goal orientation (LGO) between psychological empowerment and KS behavior.

This study collected data from 423 employees working in manufacturing and service organizations in two waves on convenience basis to tackle common method variance. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.

The results revealed that empowering leadership helps employees modify their KS behavior both directly and indirectly in the presence of psychological empowerment. Moreover, individuals high in LGO are more likely to involve in KS behavior when psychologically empowered.

This study used a cross-sectional design and suggests management focus on their working environment to enhance knowledge sharing among employees, which is possible through empowering leaders. The study further suggests management not ignore individual attributes during recruitment.

Drawing upon job characteristics model and social exchange theory, this study explores the mediating role of psychological empowerment between empowering leadership and KS behavior and the moderating role of LGO on the association between psychological empowerment and KS behavior.

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Firms aiming to gain a competitive edge by sharing knowledge are likely to elicit such activities if empowering leadership is deployed. When such leaders psychologically empower employees, this can serve to strengthen learning goal orientation and encourage their engagement in knowledge-sharing behaviors.

The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Drawing on the social exchange theory, this study aims to examine the association between interpersonal conflict and task performance as well as the mediating and moderating roles of workplace deviance and emotional intelligence, respectively, in this association.

Two studies were designed to test the authors’ hypotheses using multiwave and multisource data collected from 173 (187) subordinates and their immediate supervisors from Pakistan.

An important reason that interpersonal conflict diminishes employees’ task performance is that employees are engaged in workplace deviance. This indirect effect is less salient when employees are more emotionally intelligent.

One way to improve employees’ task performance could be to reduce and manage interpersonal conflicts, especially through interventions aimed at increasing employees’ emotional intelligence levels.

This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that employees’ emotional intelligence is a boundary condition that alters the association between interpersonal conflict and employee task performance directly and indirectly via workplace deviance.

COVID-19 evolved from a local health crisis to a pandemic and affected countries worldwide accordingly. Similarly, the impacts of the pandemic on the performance of global stock markets could be time-varying. This study applies a dynamic network analysis approaches to evaluate the evolution over time of the impact of COVID-19 on the stock markets' network.

Daily closing prices of 55 global stock markets from August 1, 2019 to September 10, 2020 were retrieved. This sample period was further divided into nine subsample periods for dynamic analysis purpose. Distance matrix based on long-range correlations was calculated, using rolling window's length of 100 trading days, rolled forward at an interval of one month's working days. These distance matrices than used to construct nine minimum spanning trees (MSTs). Network characteristics were figured out, community detection and network rewiring techniques were also used for extracting meaningful from these MSTs.

The findings are, with the evolution of COVID-19, a change in co-movements amongst stock markets' indices occurred. On the 100th day from the date of reporting of the first cluster of cases, the co-movement amongst the stock markets become 100% positively correlated. However, the international investor can still get better portfolio performance with such temporal correlation structure either avoiding risk or pursuing profits. A little change is observed in the importance of authoritative node; however, this central node changed multiple times with change of epicenters. During COVID-19 substantial clustering and less stable network structure is observed.

It is confirmed that this work is original and has been neither published elsewhere, nor it is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

The purpose of this study is to develop an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model by adding religious commitment (RC) and self-efficacy as internal variables and investigating the effect of these variables on attitudes toward halal cosmetics. In addition, this study also examined the moderating role of halal literacy in the relationships between attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC) and intentions to purchase halal cosmetics.

The method of data collection used was self-administered surveys with customers in two stores in Karachi, Pakistan, yielding 267 valid questionnaires. To guarantee validity and reliability, convergent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted, and structural equation modeling was advanced to assess the relationships between variables using smart partial least squares 3.0 software. The interaction moderation technique has been used to examine the moderating effect of halal literacy on the purchase intention (PI) of halal cosmetics.

The results show that RC and self-efficacy both significantly impact the attitudes of Gen Y. Normative beliefs also had a significant relationship with SN. Further, ATT and SN had a significant relationship with PI of halal cosmetics, while PBC was nonsignificant. Furthermore, halal literacy is found to have a positive moderating influence on ATT and PI, and SN and PI. Finally, the moderating effect of halal literacy does not exist in the relationship between PBC and PI.

Participants’ characteristics should vary for future studies, and larger sample sizes may yield different results. It is critical for managers working in the cosmetic industry to monitor Muslim consumption patterns to develop strategies to reach Muslim consumers. This study reveals the effect of RC, self-efficacy and the moderating role of halal literacy on the behavioral attitudes of a booming market sector, which can guide marketing managers in developing more effective advertising campaigns.

This paper contributes to the halal consumption literature by exploring RC and self-efficacy as constructs for the very first time in the TPB model. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the influence of halal literacy on Gen Y Pakistani Muslim consumer behavioral intention toward halal cosmetic products using the TPB model. The paper offers an extended TPB model framework that may be of interest to scholars, marketers and policymakers.

The heat transport phenomenon in which energy transfers due to temperature differences is an important topic of interest for scientists in recent times. It is because of its wide range of applications in numerous domains such as electronics, heat dispersion, thermoregulation, cooling mechanism, the managing temperature in automotive mobile engines, climate engineering, magnetoresistance devices, etc. On account of such considerations, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) entropy rate for nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄/C₂H₆O₂) and hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄+MoS₄/C₂H₆O₂) is analyzed. The Darcy–Forchheimer relation is utilized to describe the impact of a porous medium on a stretched sheet. Two nanoparticles molybdenum (MoS₄) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) are combined to make hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄+MoS₄/C₂H₆O₂). Heat flux corresponds to the Cattaneo–Christov model executed through heat transfer analysis. The influence of dissipation and heat absorption/generation on energy expression for nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄+MoS₄/C₂H₆O₂) and hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄+MoS₄/C₂H₆O₂) is described.

Nonlinear partial differential expressions have been exchanged into dimensionless ordinary differential expressions using relevant transformations. Newton’s built-in shooting method is employed to achieve the required results.

Concepts of fluid flow, energy transport and entropy optimization are discussed. Computational analysis of local skin friction and Nusselt number against sundry parameters for nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄/C₂H₆O₂) and hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe₂O₄+MoS₄/C₂H₆O₂) is engrossed. Larger magnetic field parameters decay fluid flow and entropy generation, while an opposite behavior is observed for temperature. Variation in magnetic field variables and volume fractions causes the resistive force to boost up. Intensification in entropy generation can be seen for higher porosity parameters, whereas a reverse trend follows for fluid flow. Heat and local Nusselt numbers rise with an increase in thermal relaxation time parameters.

No such work is yet published in the literature.

Hybrid nanofluids have remarkable characteristics for improving the process of heat transfer. The findings suggest hybrid nanofluids are beneficial heat transfer fluids for industrial uses. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Zn-TiO_2/H2O hybrid nanofluids through a vertically porous shrinking cylinder.

The thermal transportation phenomenon of radiated hybrid nanomaterials is studied subject to linear thermal radiation and chemical species with the consequence of non-uniform heat source/sink influence. The controlling flow and energy equations in the form of governing hybrid nanofluids are developed and then converted into ODEs by operating appropriate resemblance variables. Using the impacts of controlling parameters, the behaviors of flow constraints are interpreted graphically.

The current study’s outcomes reveal that the water-based hybrid nanomaterials show a promising upsurge in heat transfer rate. Similarly, as the mass transfer rate grows, the drag coefficient and energy transfer rate boost, while due to curvature relations, it tends to diminish for drag friction. In an upper branch solution, the flow field is improved by greater porosity parameter values, whereas in a lower branch solution, it deteriorates. Furthermore, the velocity profile depicts the opposite trend for upper and lower branches due to a boost in the mixed convection parameter.

In light of already conducted studies, the relation of internal heat source varying regarding thermal and space in the rheology of hybrid TiO₂-Zn/H_2O nanofluid possesses intriguing utilization in energy production strategies due to the exhibition of extensive heat energy. The most typical examples of this phenomenon can be observed in nuclear and chemical-reactor power stations, solar power plants for heating and cooling systems, combustion analysis equipment and so on. The current study is devoted to predicting the effect of a varied heat source on the thermal energy characteristics of mixed convective hybrid TiO_2-Zn/H2O nanofluid flow through the vertical cylinder.