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The purpose of this study is to review and summarise the existing available literature on lightweight cladding systems to provide detailed information on fire behaviour (ignitibility, heat release rate and smoke toxicity) and various test method protocols. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges and provides updated knowledge and recommendation on selective-fire mechanisms such as rapid-fire spread, air cavity and fire re-entry behaviours due to dripping and melting of lightweight composite claddings.

A comprehensive literature review on fire behaviour, fire hazard and testing methods of lightweight composite claddings has been conducted in this research. In summarising all possible fire hazards, particular attention is given to the potential impact of toxicity of lightweight cladding fires. In addition, various criteria for fire performance evaluation of lightweight composite claddings are also highlighted. These evaluations are generally categorised as small-, intermediate- and large-scale test methods.

The major challenges of lightweight claddings are rapid fire spread, smoke production and toxicity and inconsistency in fire testing.

The review highlights the current challenges in cladding fire, smoke toxicity, testing system and regulation to provide some research recommendations to address the identified challenges.

Heritage housing in inner city areas represents a valuable cultural asset that belongs, in part, to the community as a whole. Despite this, the risk of destruction by fire in closely spaced heritage housing has not received a great deal of research attention. The purpose of this paper is to identify potential faults in building fabric that may result in unacceptable fire safety risks to irreplaceable heritage streetscapes.

This paper examines a sample of publically administered heritage houses in inner Sydney. A condition survey looks at the occurrence of noted defects, or non-compliances to the current building regulations, in fire separation between attached or closely spaced occupancies.

Fire spread between adjacent buildings is identified as a potential hazard which needs to be addressed in order to ensure both the sustainability of the remaining heritage housing stock and the safety of the occupants.

While the survey is small, it represents a significant proportion of a dwindling stock of nineteenth century heritage housing in public ownership in Sydney.

Based on the results of the survey, a recommendation has been made in regard to improving building surveying practice when dealing with renovation of heritage housing.

Concern over the diminishing availability of social housing in inner city locations indicates the need for more attention to the fire safety of the remaining stock.

The research provides original data on the level of fire safety risk in a regional cluster of heritage housing.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between emergency response times and crash severity in New York City, focusing on spatial disparities and their implications. It examines how these disparities impact disadvantaged neighborhoods, particularly regarding traffic safety and emergency service accessibility.

The research uses comprehensive spatial analysis techniques, including hotspot mapping, network analysis for travel time modeling, local bivariate correlation analysis and service area calculations. It maps crash data alongside emergency facility locations, considering peak-hour traffic. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is integrated to evaluate socioeconomic factors influencing accessibility. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of how emergency response times correlate with crash severity at the census block level, accounting for socioeconomic disparities.

This study reveals significant disparities in emergency response times across New York City. In high-poverty, predominantly minority areas, response times are 2–3 min longer than average, correlating with a 15% increase in severe injury rates. Over 20% of neighborhoods show correlations between response times and crash severity, with positive linear (5.51%), negative linear (10.72%), concave (2.44%) and convex (2.80%) relationships. Blocks with positive linear relationships have a mean ADI rank of 3.918. During peak hours, 69.7% of Manhattan blocks show negative relationships, the highest among boroughs.

This research highlights spatial justice issues in urban emergency response systems, emphasizing the need for localized, data-driven planning and infrastructure adjustments. By integrating the ADI, the multifaceted approach reveals the complex dynamics of socioeconomic factors and emergency service accessibility that have not yet been investigated in diverse urban communities.

“Internet of things” is a broad term used to describe network connectivity to physical objects. Called connectable or smart objects, they are embedded in electronic circuits and software that make them capable of detecting, collecting and transmitting data and information. This paper aims to examine the influence of the attributes of “internet of things” products in the functional and emotional experience of purchase intention.

The study used a model adapted from Yaping et al. (2014), with adjustment for the constructs “emotional experience”, “functional experience” and “purchase intention”. The survey consisted of a sample of 747 valid questionnaires regarding users of “internet of things” products, through a structured questionnaire with 36 assertions, which were answered based on the Likert scale. The quantitative research approach followed an exploratory descriptive phase followed by the application of structural equation modeling.

Results validated most of the relationships of the model, with high levels of significance. In addition, there was a greater influence of emotional experience than functional on purchase intention for the selected sample, which mainly consisted of young people.

In short, the study confirmed the statistical significance of the structural paths, indicating that the proposed model is consistent, and with an appropriate adjustment can be applied in future research.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical method of jet flow injection direction and to determine the influence of oil nozzle structure parameters on oil injection direction, thus providing the design method of oil nozzle structure parameters.

A model of oil injection loss is established to analyze the influence of oil nozzle structure parameters on oil injection direction. The computational fluid dynamics method is used to simulate the process of the deviation of jet flow injection direction. The deviation of jet flow injection direction with different oil nozzle structure parameters is calculated and their variations are obtained. Moreover, the deviation of jet flow injection direction with different oil nozzle structure parameters is tested to verify the analysis results.

Results indicate that radial velocity caused the deflection of the oil injection direction. The deviation of jet flow increased as the nozzle slenderness ratio decreased. The design method of the nozzle slenderness ratio (greater than five) is proposed to avoid the deviation of injection direction, and it is necessary to consider the matching between the nozzle slenderness ratio and pipeline pressure. The computational results coincide well with the experimental results.

The research presented here analyzed the influence of oil nozzle structure parameters on oil injection direction via a numerical analysis method. It also leads to a design reference guideline that could be used in jet lubrication, thus controlling the direction of the injection jet accurately.

As innovative household products, social home robots have a significant impact on the interactive consumer experience. However, prior research on consumer intentions to use such robots has rarely considered the configuration perspective. The present study examines how consumers balance the key benefits and risks created by these robots and explores how key influential factors jointly influence usage intention from a configuration perspective.

We adopted a hybrid research design. In Study 1, a thematic analysis was conducted to derive a conceptual framework reflecting the interplay of key factors influencing usage intention. In Study 2, a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was applied to reveal how these factors jointly shape usage intention.

Equifinal configurations of antecedent conditions (i.e. emotional and instrumental support beliefs, concerns about informational and relational privacy risks, self-construal and anthropomorphic design) led to usage intention. Additionally, four distinct benefit-risk trade-off patterns emerged across individuals.

This study highlights the need to examine robot adoption in interactive marketing, particularly in the service domain. It has implications in the context of commercializing social home robots, emphasizing the potential of leveraging social home robots to enhance interactive consumer experiences and foster close connections with consumers.

We developed a neoconfigurational model to obtain a comprehensive understanding of social home robot acceptance in domestic settings, highlighting its implications for consumer–robot interactions and advancing research in interactive marketing.

This study aims to explore the factors influencing the post-pandemic intentions of Chinese residents to participate in outbound travel. The mechanism by which residents' perception of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) influenced their outbound travel intentions are studied.

This study developed an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model and used structural equations to analyze data received from 432 questionnaires. Responses were obtained through a combination of online surveys and a traditional paper-based distribution of questionnaires.

Results showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and past outbound travel behavior have significant positive effects on post-pandemic outbound travel intentions. Although the perception of COVID-19 directly and negatively influences outbound travel intentions, it also has an indirect influence on outbound travel intentions through the mediating effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The authors also found that risk tolerance has a negative moderating effect on the direct impact of residents' perception of COVID-19 on their travel intentions.

The findings can serve as a reference for formulating appropriate tourism development policies by government agencies, tourism management departments and tourism enterprises in destination countries.

This study developed an extended TPB model by adding more constructs into the TPB model. Compared with the original TPB model, the extended TPB model has better explanatory power of post-pandemic travel intentions. The study also provides evidence for the applicability of the TPB model in studying travel intentions within the context of major public health emergencies and has expanded the application scope of the TPB model.

新冠肺炎疫情后中国居民出境旅游意愿的影响因素研究······································——基于疫情感知的扩展TPB模型

摘要

本研究致力于探索新冠肺炎疫情后（以下简称“疫情”）中国居民出境旅游意愿的影响因素, 以及疫情感知对出境旅游意愿的作用机制。

本文以TPB理论为基础, 通过构建扩展TPB模型, 并利用结构方程对432份问卷进行数据分析。问卷通过网络发放与传统纸质问卷调研相结合的方式获得。

态度、主观规范、感知行为控制及过去出境旅游行为对中国居民疫情后出境旅游意愿具有显著正向影响; 疫情感知在直接负向影响出境旅游意愿的同时, 还通过非药物干预行为的中介作用间接影响出境旅游意愿; 在疫情感知对出境旅游意愿的直接影响中, 风险容忍度起着负向调节作用。

研究结果对旅游目的地政府、旅游管理部门及旅游企业制定相应旅游发展政策具有一定前瞻性参考价值。

本文通过在原始TPB模型的基础上加入更多变量, 进而构建了扩展TPB模型。与原始模型相比, 扩展TPB模型对疫情蔓延背景下中国居民疫情后出境旅游意愿有着更好的解释力和预测力。本文证实了在突发重大公共卫生事件背景下TPB模型对于研究旅游意愿的适用性, 扩展了TPB模型的应用范围。

Investigación sobre los factores que influyen en la voluntad de viajar al extranjero de los residentes chinos después de la nueva epidemia de neumonía coronaria: un modelo extendido de TPB basado en la percepción de la epidemia

Resumen

Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los factores que influyen en las intenciones posteriores a la pandemia de los residentes chinos de participar en viajes al extranjero. Se estudia el mecanismo por el cual la percepción de los residentes sobre la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) influyó en sus intenciones de viajar al extranjero.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los factores que influyen en la intención de viaje de salida de los residentes chinos después de la pandemia, en particular el mecanismo por el cual la percepción de los residentes de COVID-19 influyó en sus intenciones de viaje de salida.

Los resultados mostraron que la actitud, las normas subjetivas, el control conductual percibido y el comportamiento de viajes de ida y vuelta en el pasado tienen efectos positivos significativos sobre la intención de viajar de ida después de la pandemia. Si bien la percepción de COVID-19 influye directamente de forma negativa en la intención de viaje de ida, también influye indirectamente en la intención de viaje de ida a través del efecto mediador de las intervenciones no farmacéuticas. También encontramos que la tolerancia al riesgo tiene un efecto moderador negativo sobre el impacto directo de la percepción de los residentes sobre el COVID-19 en la intención de viaje.

Nuestros hallazgos se pueden utilizar como referencia para las agencias gubernamentales, los departamentos de gestión del turismo y las empresas turísticas en los países de destino en la formulación de políticas de desarrollo turístico adecuadas.

Este estudio desarrolló un modelo TPB extendido agregando más constructos en el modelo TPB. En comparación con el modelo TPB original, el modelo TPB extendido tiene un mejor poder explicativo de las intenciones de viaje posteriores a una pandemia en el contexto de una pandemia. Este estudio también proporcionó evidencia de la aplicabilidad del modelo TPB para estudiar las intenciones de viaje en el contexto de las principales emergencias de salud pública y amplió el ámbito de aplicación del modelo TPB.

This study aims to explore the relationships among destination brand equity, brand authenticity and revisit intention. The mediating role of tourist satisfaction and the moderating role of destination familiarity in these relationships are also investigated.

Based on the stimulus–organism–response theory, a structural equation model was constructed to test the relationships among the study variables. The original data was obtained using a questionnaire survey method from domestic tourists who have traveled to Guilin in China.

The findings revealed that brand equity and brand authenticity not only positively and directly affect revisit intention but also have an indirect influence on revisit intention through the mediating role of tourist satisfaction. Destination familiarity positively moderates the direct influence of brand equity on revisit intention. Furthermore, brand authenticity significantly and positively affects brand equity.

The findings of this study provide a certain enlightenment for brand marketing and tourist destination management.

This study reveals the impact path of brand equity and brand authenticity on revisit intention, compensating for the lack of attention on impact mechanism among them. This study proves the impact of brand authenticity on destination brand equity. This compensates for the deficiencies that ignore possible antecedents affecting destination brand equity and the impact of brand authenticity on brand equity in the context of tourism destination. This study also confirms the specific dimensions of brand equity and brand authenticity in the context of Chinese tourism destinations in response to the current controversy.

旅游目的地品牌资产、品牌真实性与重游意愿: 游客满意度的中介作用与目的地熟悉度的调节作用

摘要

本研究致力于探究旅游目的地品牌资产、品牌真实性与重游意愿之间的关系。本文也研究了游客满意度在这些关系中所起的中介作用以及目的地熟悉度的调节作用。

本文以刺激-机体-反应理论为基础, 通过构建结构方程模型来对变量之间的关系进行检验。原始数据是通过问卷调查法从曾在桂林旅游的国内游客中获得。

目的地品牌资产和品牌真实性在直接正向影响重游意愿的同时, 还通过游客满意度的中介作用来间接影响重游意愿。目的地熟悉度在品牌资产对重游意愿的直接影响中起着正向调节作用。此外, 目的地品牌真实性对品牌资产起着显著正向影响。

本研究揭示了目的地品牌资产与品牌真实性对重游意愿的影响路径, 弥补了对其中影响机制关注不足的缺陷。本研究证实了旅游目的地背景下品牌真实性对品牌资产的具体影响, 弥补了现有文献较少关注影响目的地品牌资产的可能前因以及旅游目的地背景下品牌真实性对品牌资产具体影响的不足。此外, 本研究以中国旅游目的地为研究背景, 证实了品牌资产与品牌真实性的具体维度, 回应了当前的争议。

本研究结论对旅游目的地品牌营销与管理提供一定的启示。

Valor de marca de destino turístico, autenticidad de marca y voluntad de volver a visitar：El papel mediador de la satisfacción del turista y el papel moderador de la familiaridad con el destino

Resumen

este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las relaciones entre el valor de la marca de destino, la autenticidad de la marca y la intención de volver a visitar. También se investiga el papel mediador de la satisfacción del turista y el papel moderador de la familiaridad con el destino en estas relaciones.

con base en la teoría Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta, se construye un modelo de ecuación estructural para probar las relaciones entre las variables de investigación. Los datos originales se obtienen mediante el método de encuesta por cuestionario de turistas nacionales que han viajado a Guilin en China.

los hallazgos revelaron que el valor y la autenticidad de la marca no solo afectan positiva y directamente la intención de volver a visitar, sino que también tienen una influencia indirecta en la intención de volver a visitar a través del papel mediador de la satisfacción del turista. La familiaridad con el destino modera positivamente la influencia directa del valor de la marca en la intención de volver a visitar. Además, la autenticidad de la marca afecta de manera significativa y positiva al valor de la marca.

este documento revela el camino del impacto del valor de marca y la autenticidad de la marca en la intención de volver a visitar, compensando la falta de atención al mecanismo de impacto entre ellos. Este trabajo demuestra el efecto de la autenticidad de la marca en el valor de la marca del destino, que compensa las deficiencias que ignoran los posibles antecedentes que afectan el valor de la marca del destino y el impacto de la autenticidad de la marca en el valor de la marca en el contexto del destino turístico. Este estudio también confirma las dimensiones específicas del valor de marca y la autenticidad de la marca en el contexto del destino turístico chino, respondiendo a la controversia actual.

los hallazgos de este documento proporcionan cierta iluminación para el marketing de marca y la gestión de destinos turísticos.

The purpose of this paper is to answer “Why do Chinese consumers use IOT systems?” and “Do consumers’ cognitive and affect experiences moderate the relationship between psychological perception factors and perceived usefulness?”

In-depth interview with consumers and experts had been conducted and then the perceived psychological factors that influence perceived usefulness had been summarized. Based on a survey test of 337 smart home users, this study applies partial least squares technique analysis to test the research model.

The research results show that perceived psychological factors (perceived ease of use, perceived intelligence, perceived convenience and perceived privacy risk) have significant effect on the intention and behavior of IOT systems usage through perceived usefulness. Cognitive experience moderates the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived privacy risk and perceived usefulness; affect experience moderates the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.

The current study mainly tested the antecedents of consumers’ usage of IOT systems, and the outcome of using the system was not investigated. Future research can examine the outcome (e.g. satisfaction, perceived value) by using the expectation-confirmation theory.

This study provides a useful insight into the key driving factors in consumers’ intention and behavior of using IOT systems. The previous studies over IOT systems have not observed consumers’ perception of IOT systems, but in fact IOT systems are being applied to more and more personal users.

The present study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between international tourist receipts, economic growth, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Pakistan over the period 1980-2016. Many researchers have investigated the link between tourism and CO₂ emissions, but there is no clear picture as the results are contradictory. This study is an attempt to compliment the literature related to tourism and environmental quality.

The study adopted the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model to investigate the short- and long-run estimates simultaneously. The study further applied Granger causality to find out the direction of causalities. To arrive at long-run robust estimates, the study used dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) model.

The results found that tourist receipts have no significant impact on environmental quality, while growth and energy consumption are the main determinants of CO₂ emissions in Pakistan. The Granger causality test confirmed unidirectional causalities from GDP and energy consumption toward CO₂ emissions, while tourist receipts do not affect environmental quality. DOLS technique confirmed the long-run estimates of ARDL model.

The result of the study complements the literature by adding new evidence regarding the nexus of tourism and environment. Findings of the study are important for policymakers and regulatory bodies to place their focus on the development of tourism sector (services sector) rather than energy-intensive manufacturing activities to sustain the growth of the country in higher quartiles, as tourism receipts have no significant negative externalities toward environment, while energy use is one of the key determinants of environmental degradation.

This study used time series data over the period 1980-2016 for Pakistan to inspect the dynamic relationship between tourist receipts, economic growth, energy consumption and CO₂ emissions.