Maogong Jiang, Guicui Fu, Bo Wan, Peng Xue, Yao Qiu and Yanruoyue Li
The purpose of this paper is to present a failure analysis of the solder layer in a Darlington power transistor in a TO-3 package.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a failure analysis of the solder layer in a Darlington power transistor in a TO-3 package.
Design/methodology/approach
A failed Darlington power transistor in a TO-3 package was examined by different kinds of failure analysis techniques. At first, internal gas analysis was conducted to measure the atmosphere. Then, scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) was performed to check the quality of the solder layers in the failed device, and the failure location was determined in the solder layer between chip and substrate. Next, the failed device was decapped to observe the defects. After removing the chip from the substrate, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied and the main elemental composition of the solder layer was identified.
Findings
Internal gas analysis indicated that the moisture and oxygen contents exceeded the allowed maximum value. Large areas of voids were found in the solder layer by SAM. The main elemental compositions of the solder layer were identified by scanning electron microscopy and EDS. Furthermore, the valences of the chemical components in the solder layer were identified by XPS. Except for the few simple substances of the initial solder material, the chemical formulae of oxidation products in the solder layer were deduced. In addition, the root causes are also discussed.
Originality/value
This paper focuses on the solder layer failure of a power transistor. Factors such as the presence of oxygen, voids and other factors, which can cause transistor damage, were comprehensively analyzed. The analysis process is worth learning from and the results can be used to improve the reliability of power devices in this kind of package.
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Jong Min Kim, Eunkyung Lee and Yeosun Yoon
Prior literature on online customer reviews (OCRs) suggests that individuals are socially influenced by information shared by others. Given that the online environment brings…
Abstract
Purpose
Prior literature on online customer reviews (OCRs) suggests that individuals are socially influenced by information shared by others. Given that the online environment brings together users from different cultures, understanding how users differ in their processing and generation of OCRs across cultures is imperative. Specifically, this paper explores how cross-cultural differences influence OCR generation when there are inconsistencies between recent and overall review ratings.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors employ an empirical study and an experimental approach to test the predictions. For the empirical study (Study 1), the authors collected and analyzed actual review data from an online hotel review platform, Booking.com. This was followed by an experimental study (Study 2) in which the authors manipulated the thinking style represented by each cultural orientation to further explain how and why cross-cultural differences exist.
Findings
The results show that compared with the review ratings of users from collectivist cultures, those of users from individualistic cultures are more likely to follow recent review ratings. Based on the experimental study, the authors further find that such cross-cultural differences in OCR generation are driven by differences in thinking style.
Originality/value
This research extends the literature by demonstrating the cross-cultural differences in individuals' herding tendencies in OCR generation. The authors also add to the literature by showing in which direction OCR herding occurs when there is a discrepancy between overall and recent review ratings. From a managerial perspective, the findings provide guidelines for online platforms serving the global market on predicting customers' OCR generation and constructing appropriate response strategies.
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Artur Lach, Andrzej Katunin and Adam Gnatowski
The paper aims to present a design and numerical verification procedure of a composite casing of a microstrip antenna for an aerospace satellite.
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to present a design and numerical verification procedure of a composite casing of a microstrip antenna for an aerospace satellite.
Design/methodology/approach
The casing for the microstrip antenna was designed in a form of a laminate shell with variable number of layers of reinforcing fabric. The material properties, both static and dynamic, were determined experimentally and then exported to an environment of numerical analyses. The numerical modal analysis allows optimizing the geometry and lay-up of the casing in such a way that a number of modal shapes occurring in the operational frequency band was significantly reduced, several modal shapes with high displacement in flanges of the casing were eliminated and the values of natural frequencies were increased. A final model of the composite casing was subjected to two types of analyses which simulate typical operation conditions during spacecraft mission. These analyses contained thermomechanical quasi-static analyses with 12 loadcases and thermomechanical shock analyses with 9 loadcases, which simulate various mechanical and temperature conditions.
Findings
Results of the performed analyses were compared with safety margins determined by following requirements to spacecraft vehicles. The obtained results confirm the design feasibility, which allow considering the proposed design during manufacturing of a prototype in further studies.
Practical implications
Moreover, the presented results can be considered as a design methodology guideline, which can be helpful for engineers working in the aerospace industry.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper lies in the proposed design and verification procedure of composite elements subjected to operational loading during a spacecraft mission.
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Alireza Nazarian, Ehsan Zaeri, Pantea Foroudi, Amirreza Afrouzi and Peter Atkinson
This study explores the impact of ethical and authentic leadership on employees' workplace perceptions, focusing on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), trust in leader…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explores the impact of ethical and authentic leadership on employees' workplace perceptions, focusing on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), trust in leader, commitment, employee voice and empowerment in independent hotels across two contrasting Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) clusters: Germanic and Middle-Eastern clusters. It examines how national culture influences these relationships in the hospitality industry.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 1,678 employees in independent hotels in the Germanic European cluster (Germany and the Netherlands) and the Middle-Eastern cluster (Qatar and Turkey) using selective and snowball sampling techniques. Hypotheses were tested using two-stage structural equation modelling.
Findings
Ethical leadership significantly affects employee voice in Germany and the Netherlands but not in Qatar and Turkey. Authentic leadership positively influences employee voice in Qatar, Turkey and Germany but does not significantly impact trust in leader in any of the four countries. The study underscores the role of cultural dimensions, particularly power distance, in shaping these relationships.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature by investigating the effects of ethical and authentic leadership on key organisational variables in culturally diverse contexts within the hospitality industry. The findings highlight the necessity of considering national culture in leadership practices and suggest practical implications for independent hotels to adapt their leadership approaches to enhance employee outcomes. Future research should explore cultural dimensions as moderators in organisational relationships.
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This study aims to explore how attribute performance and hosts’ service quality attributes affect room sales on peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms from the cue congruence perspective.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore how attribute performance and hosts’ service quality attributes affect room sales on peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms from the cue congruence perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
More than 9.53 million reviews concerning 258,473 listings located in 35 major cities worldwide were collected from Airbnb. Data was collected from December 2019 to December 2020 and was analysed using a generalised linear model.
Findings
Results show that when attribute performance and hosts’ service quality attributes give positive signals, Airbnb room sales are significantly higher than when the two kinds of cues give inconsistent or negative signals; when attribute performance gives positive signals and hosts’ service quality attributes give negative signals, room sales are higher than when the former gives negative signals and the latter give positive signals; surprisingly, when both kinds of cues give negative signals, room sales are higher than when attribute performance gives positive signals and hosts’ service quality attributes give negative signals.
Research limitations/implications
This paper adds useful insights on understanding of cue congruence (incongruence) effect on room sales of P2P accommodation platforms. This study has practical implications for hosts, online platform managers and guests regarding how to use online strategies and promotions on the Airbnb platform.
Originality/value
This study is an early attempt to explore how the combination of attribute performance and hosts’ service quality attributes affects Airbnb room sales under the conditions of consistency and inconsistency.
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Yi Liu and Han-fen Hu
Consumers’ evaluation of online review helpfulness has been widely examined. The extant literature suggests that the attributes of review content (e.g. review length and…
Abstract
Purpose
Consumers’ evaluation of online review helpfulness has been widely examined. The extant literature suggests that the attributes of review content (e.g. review length and extremity) influence review helpfulness. However, review length cannot fully reflect the richness of the review content. Anchoring on information diagnosticity and extremity bias, this study aims to explore the effect of review comprehensiveness on its helpfulness.
Design/methodology/approach
Field observations were obtained from 11,812 online restaurant reviews on a popular restaurant review platform. A controlled experiment was conducted to further delineate the effect of review comprehensiveness.
Findings
Review comprehensiveness moderates the effects of review length and an extremely negative review on helpfulness. It also confirms that for reviews of the same length, one covering more aspects is perceived by consumers as more helpful.
Practical implications
Different aspects of information in a review can efficiently assist decision-making. The results suggest that review platforms can better design their interface by providing separate areas for different product aspects. The platform can then receive more comprehensive and helpful reviews and increase the diagnosticity of these.
Originality/value
The study enriches the literature by introducing review comprehensiveness and examining the joint effects of review length and comprehensiveness on helpfulness. It also contributes to the literature by indicating how to reduce the effect of review extremity.
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Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to explore the use of employer branding as a key strategy in talent management, in an effort to retain employees in the context of the…
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to explore the use of employer branding as a key strategy in talent management, in an effort to retain employees in the context of the Irish hotel industry.
Methodology/Approach: This chapter was part of a wider body of research, and combines this discussion with a sequential mixed-method approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 hotel general managers in Cork City/County, and these were combined with 417 employee questionnaires conducted in the same hotels.
Findings: This chapter finds that hoteliers in Ireland are aware of the necessity to tackle the area of employee retention, are conscious of the importance of positive employer branding to aid in decreasing employee turnover, but that many are just at the genesis of their journey in the area of talent management. Indeed, many hotels have not yet implemented a talent management plan into their organisation and need to be more innovative in their approach to talent management through positive employer branding.
Practical implications: Employees strongly believe that those hotels which possess a positive employer brand have more committed employees, while those with negative reputations in terms of their employment affect an employee’s intentions to leave the business. Therefore, employers must put strategies in place to enhance their employer brand if they are to attract and retain employees.
Social implications: The chapter makes recommendations to hotel managers as to how employer branding can be utilised as part of their overall talent management strategy to increase employee retention in a challenging employment market, improving overall performance, and leading to sustained competitiveness. The areas of talent management, employer branding, and employee retention are interlinked, and it is imperative that hotels implement strategic initiatives in these key areas.
Originality/value of paper: This chapter contributes to the overall talent management area, offering further guidance to operators who are embarking on this strategic direction. It supports the link between talent management and employer branding.
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Andy Xiaofeng Liu, Cathy H.C. Hsu and Daisy X.F. Fan
This study aims to examine the mechanism of how hotel executive brand identity influences physical facility quality, customer-based brand equity (CBBE) and employee-based brand…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the mechanism of how hotel executive brand identity influences physical facility quality, customer-based brand equity (CBBE) and employee-based brand equity (EBBE).
Design/methodology/approach
The study introduces a multilevel model and collects 925 executive and 1,978 employee responses from 62 upscale hotels in China.
Findings
Executive brand identity positively affects employee brand internalization, which leads to positive EBBE. Meanwhile, executive brand identity positively influences the physical facility quality, which leads to positive CBBE.
Originality/value
This study considers the tangible (physical facilities) and intangible (employees) elements of hotel services to comprehensively investigate the brand equity formation. By applying multilevel structural equation modeling, the study examines the bidirectional relationship between organizations and employees in the brand value transformation process.
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Amal Abdullah Hasan, Syed Zamberi Ahmad and Abdullah Osman
This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of transformational leadership (TL) and work engagement (WE) on health-care clinic nurses’ performance and the crucial role of…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of transformational leadership (TL) and work engagement (WE) on health-care clinic nurses’ performance and the crucial role of these variables in the work environment (WEV).
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 353 nurses working across various health-care clinics in the United Arab Emirates. This study used descriptive correlational statistics from the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, the Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis for model validity, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability and path analysis to determine the results.
Findings
The relationship between TL and job performance among nurses in health-care clinics was strongly influenced by WE. In addition, a moderate WEV increased the positive influence of TL on job accomplishment. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the participants’ demographics characteristics and the main variables of the study.
Practical implications
Health-care management can support and enhance nurses’ job performance through TL, create a more structured WEV and support WE.
Originality/value
This study involves a specific investigation into WE as a mediator, WEV as a moderator and the effect of TL on nurses’ job performance.
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Dan Huang and Songshan (Sam) Huang
This study aims to provide insights into Airbnb’s exit from the China market, specifically from the perspective of platform competition.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to provide insights into Airbnb’s exit from the China market, specifically from the perspective of platform competition.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the understanding of the evolution and competition of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation market in China and the double-edged network effects, this viewpoint article provides an in-depth discussion on Airbnb’s withdrawal from the China market.
Findings
This viewpoint paper contends that Airbnb faced increasing challenges in establishing unique competitive advantages against local rivals, who demonstrate a capacity for innovation and maintaining loyal customers in adapting to the market evolution. Consequently, this may inhibit Airbnb from attracting the mainstream market and lead Airbnb into a negative spiral, exacerbated by indirect network effects.
Originality/value
This study offers insights into the failure of an internationalisation process, drawing from an analysis of the competitive environment and the competition strategies of P2P accommodation platforms in China. These findings have practical implications for the implementation of international business strategies in P2P accommodation.
研究目的
本观点文章旨在基于平台竞争的视角对爱彼迎退出中国的现象进行阐释
研究设计/方法
基于对中国共享住宿/民宿市场的演变和竞争、双边网络效应的理解, 本文对爱彼迎退出中国进行了深入探讨。
研究结果
本文提出, 爱彼迎在建立独特竞争优势以应对本地竞争对手方面面临日益严峻的挑战, 因为本地竞争者在适应市场变化方面展现出突出的创新和留客的能力。这可能会阻碍爱彼迎吸引主流市场, 并导致其跌入由间接网络效应加剧的恶性循环中。
原创性/价值
基于对中国共享住宿平台的竞争环境和策略的分析, 本文洞悉了一个国际化失败的案例。本文的发现对于共享住宿的国际化策略实施具有实践意义。
Objetivo
Este artículo de opinión pretende aportar ideas sobre la salida de Airbnb del mercado chino, concretamente desde la perspectiva de la competencia entre plataformas.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Basándonos en la comprensión de la evolución y la competencia del mercado de alojamientos P2P en China, así como en los “efectos de red de doble filo”, este artículo de opinión ofrece una discusión en profundidad sobre la retirada de Airbnb del mercado chino.
Resultados
Este documento sostiene que Airbnb enfrentó desafíos crecientes para establecer ventajas competitivas únicas frente a sus rivales locales, demostrando estos últimos una capacidad de innovación y del mantenimiento de la lealtad de sus clientes al adaptarse a la evolución del mercado. En consecuencia, esto puede inhibir a Airbnb para atraer al mercado principal y llevar a la empresa a una espiral negativa, exacerbada por efectos de red indirectos.
Originalidad/valor
Este estudio ofrece una visión del fracaso de un proceso de internacionalización, a partir de un análisis del entorno competitivo y de las estrategias de competencia de las plataformas de alojamiento P2P en China. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones prácticas para la aplicación de estrategias empresariales internacionales en los alojamientos P2P.