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Article
Publication date: 17 June 2021

Stavros N. Leloudas, Georgios N. Lygidakis, Argiris I. Delis and Ioannis K. Nikolos

This study aims to feature the application of the artificial compressibility method (ACM) for the numerical prediction of two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric swirling flows.

180

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to feature the application of the artificial compressibility method (ACM) for the numerical prediction of two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric swirling flows.

Design/methodology/approach

The respective academic numerical solver, named IGal2D, is based on the axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, arranged in a pseudo-Cartesian form, enhanced by the addition of the circumferential momentum equation. Discretization of spatial derivative terms within the governing equations is performed via unstructured 2D grid layouts, with a node-centered finite-volume scheme. For the evaluation of inviscid fluxes, the upwind Roe’s approximate Riemann solver is applied, coupled with a higher-order accurate spatial reconstruction, whereas an element-based approach is used for the calculation of gradients required for the viscous ones. Time integration is succeeded through a second-order accurate four-stage Runge-Kutta method, adopting additionally a local time-stepping technique. Further acceleration, in terms of computational time, is achieved by using an agglomeration multigrid scheme, incorporating the full approximation scheme in a V-cycle process, within an efficient edge-based data structure.

Findings

A detailed validation of the proposed numerical methodology is performed by encountering both inviscid and viscous (laminar and turbulent) swirling flows with axial symmetry. IGal2D is compared against the commercial software ANSYS fluent – by using appropriate metrics and characteristic flow quantities – but also against experimental measurements, confirming the proposed methodology’s potential to predict such flows in terms of accuracy.

Originality/value

This study provides a robust methodology for the accurate prediction of swirling flows by combining the axisymmetric RANS equations with ACM. In addition, a detailed description of the convective flux Jacobian is provided, filling a respective gap in research literature.

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Article
Publication date: 8 February 2021

Surabhi Nishad, Sapna Jain and Rama Bhargava

This paper aims to study the flow and heat transfer inside a wavy enclosure filled with Cu-water nanofluid under magnetic field effect by parallel implemented meshfree approach.

317

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to study the flow and heat transfer inside a wavy enclosure filled with Cu-water nanofluid under magnetic field effect by parallel implemented meshfree approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The simulation has been carried out for a two-dimensional model with steady, laminar and incompressible flow of the nanofluid filled inside wavy enclosure in which one of the walls is sinusoidal such that the amplitude (A = 0.15) and number of undulations (n = 2) are fixed. A uniform magnetic field B0 has been applied at an inclination angle γ. The governing equations for the transport phenomena have been solved numerically by implementing element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) with the sequential as well as parallel approach. The effect of various parameters, namely, nanoparticle volume fraction (φ), Rayleigh number (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha) and magnetic field inclination angle (γ) has been studied on the natural convection flow of nanofluid.

Findings

The results are obtained in terms of average Nusselt number calculated at the cold wavy wall, streamlines and isotherms. It has been observed that the increasing value of Rayleigh number results in increased heat transfer rate while the Hartmann number retards the fluid motion. On the other hand, the magnetic field inclination angle gives rise to the heat transfer rate up to its critical value. Above this value, the heat transfer rate starts to decrease.

Originality/value

The implementation of the magnetic field and its inclination has provided very interesting results on heat and fluid flow which can be used in the drug delivery where nanofluids are used in many physiological problems. Another important novelty of the paper is that meshfree method (EFGM) has been used here because the domain is irregular. The results have been found to be very satisfactory. In addition, parallelization of the scheme (which has not been implemented earlier in such problems) improves the computational efficiency.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2017

Mahmoud M. El-Gendi and Abdelraheem M. Aly

Boussinesq approximation is widely used in solving natural convection problems, but it has severe practical limitations. Using Boussinesq approximation, the temperature difference…

341

Abstract

Purpose

Boussinesq approximation is widely used in solving natural convection problems, but it has severe practical limitations. Using Boussinesq approximation, the temperature difference should be less than 28.6 K. The purpose of this study is to get rid of Boussinesq approximation and simulates the natural convection problems using an unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The gravity force is included in the source term. Three temperature differences are used namely 20 K, 700 K and 2000 K.

Design/methodology/approach

The calculations are carried out on the square and sinusoidal cavities. The results of low temperature difference have good agreement with the experimental and previous calculated data. It is found that, the high temperature difference has a significant effect on the density.

Findings

Due to mass conservation, the density variation affects the velocity distribution and its symmetry. On the other hand, the density variation has a negligible effect on the temperature distribution.

Originality/value

The present calculation method has no limitations but its convergence is slow. The current study can be used in fluid flow simulations for nuclear power applications in natural convection flows subjected to large temperature differences.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 27 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 19 January 2010

Ihab El‐Katatny, S.H. Masood and Y.S. Morsi

Recent advancement in fused deposition modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping technology has made it a viable technology for application in reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this…

1647

Abstract

Purpose

Recent advancement in fused deposition modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping technology has made it a viable technology for application in reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the errors generated during the fabrication stage of complex anatomical replicas derived from computed tomography coupled with the technique of FDM.

Design/methodology/approach

An evaluation on the errors generated during the fabrication process of two anatomical parts (skull or mandible) for different human sizes (infant, female or male) is carried out. A comparison between the linear measurements of 11 landmarks on the virtual model of a skull and nine for the mandible of patient specific and its replica is conducted. Furthermore, eight landmarks are chosen to evaluate the bone thickness variation over the fabricated replicas.

Findings

Although the FDM technology proved the ability to manufacture and to fit prosthesis to a patient's unique proportions quickly and with relatively low cost, the model accuracy is a key factor to the applicability of such technology. The results show undersized replicas with an overall absolute average deviation of 0.24 per cent with an average standard deviation of 0.16 per cent of the skull models and 0.22 per cent with a 0.11 per cent standard deviation of the mandibles. Furthermore, a high level of accuracy is reflected in the representation of the measured bone thickness with deviations in the order of 100th of a millimetre being reported.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates an outstanding accuracy using FDM process for the fabrication of anatomical replicas using models of different human sizes and gender in comparison to other established rapid prototyping techniques.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 16 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 29 August 2019

Shantanu Dutta, Arup Kumar Biswas and Sukumar Pati

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the natural convection heat transfer and irreversibility characteristics in a quadrantal porous cavity subjected to uniform temperature…

177

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the natural convection heat transfer and irreversibility characteristics in a quadrantal porous cavity subjected to uniform temperature heating from the bottom wall.

Design/methodology/approach

Brinkmann-extended Darcy model is used to simulate the momentum transfer in the porous medium. The Boussinesq approximation is invoked to account for the variation in density arising out of the temperature differential for the porous quadrantal enclosure subjected to uniform heating on the bottom wall. The governing transport equations are solved using the finite element method. A parametric study is carried out for the Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range of 103 to 106 and Darcy number (Da) in the range of 10−5-10−2.

Findings

A complex interaction between the buoyant and viscous forces that govern the transport of heat and entropy generation and the permeability of the porous medium plays a significant role on the same. The effect of Da is almost insignificant in dictating the heat transfer for low values of Ra (103, 104), while there is a significant alteration in Nusselt number for Ra ≥105 and moreover, the change is more intense for larger values of Da. For lower values of Ra (≤104), the main contributor of irreversibility is the thermal irreversibility irrespective of all values of Da. However, the fluid friction irreversibility is the dominant player at higher values of Ra (=106) and Da (=10−2).

Practical implications

From an industrial point of view, the present study will have applications in micro-electronic devices, building systems with complex geometries, solar collectors, electric machinery and lubrication systems.

Originality/value

This research examines numerically the buoyancy driven heat transfer irreversibility in a quadrantal porous enclosure that is subjected to uniform temperature heating from the bottom wall, that was not investigated in the literature before.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2016

M.M. Rahman, Hakan F. Öztop, R. Saidur, A.G. Naim, Khaled S. Al-Salem and Talaat A. Ibrahim

The purpose of this paper is to make a numerical analysis on unsteady analysis of natural convection heat and mass transfer to obtain flow field, temperature distribution, and…

227

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to make a numerical analysis on unsteady analysis of natural convection heat and mass transfer to obtain flow field, temperature distribution, and concentration distribution.

Design/methodology/approach

A finite element method is applied to solve governing equations of natural convection in curvilinear-shaped system for different parameters as thermal Rayleigh numbers (103=RaT=106), inclination angle (0°=φ=60°) and Hartmann numbers (0=Ha=100).

Findings

Both magnetic field and inclination angle can be used as control parameter on heat and mass transfer. Flow strength decreases almost 100 percent between Ha=0 and Ha=100 on behalf of the higher values of thermal Rayleigh number.

Originality/value

The originality of this work is to application of magnetic field on time-dependent natural convection flow, heat and mass transfer for curvilinear geometry.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 26 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 18 January 2011

Amal Owida, Rui Chen, Shital Patel, Yos Morsi and Xiumei Mo

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new combined method of rapid prototyping, fused deposition modeling (FDM) and electrospinning for the fabrication of coronary artery…

1809

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new combined method of rapid prototyping, fused deposition modeling (FDM) and electrospinning for the fabrication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamically optimum design of blood vessel graft was constructed using FDM and electrospinning. Fabrication of 3‐D CABG model was constructed using pro‐engineer based on the optimum hemodynamic analysis and was converted to an stereolithography file format which was imported to the Magic software where it was edited to a high‐resolution contour. The model was then created from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene which was used as a collector for electrospinning fabrication. For the electrospinning thermoplastic polyurethane was dissolved with hexafluoroisopropanol. The voltage applied for electrospinning was 15 kV where the solid FDM model was used to collect nanofibers at fixed distance.

Findings

The properties of the fabricated vessel agreed well with those of human artery. The proposed method can be effectively used for the fabrication of an optimized graft design. This proposed method has been proved as a promising fabrication processes in fabricating a specially designed graft with the correct physical and mechanical properties.

Originality/value

The proposed method is novel and combines the advantages of both FDM and electrospinning techniques.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 17 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 19 December 2022

Damodara Priyanka, Pratibha Biswal and Tanmay Basak

This study aims to elucidate the role of curved walls in the presence of identical mass of porous bed with identical heating at a wall for two heating objectives: enhancement of…

149

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to elucidate the role of curved walls in the presence of identical mass of porous bed with identical heating at a wall for two heating objectives: enhancement of heat transfer to fluid saturated porous beds and reduction of entropy production for thermal and flow irreversibilities.

Design/methodology/approach

Two heating configurations have been proposed: Case 1: isothermal heating at bottom straight wall with cold side curved walls and Case 2: isothermal heating at left straight wall with cold horizontal curved walls. Galerkin finite element method is used to obtain the streamfunctions and heatfunctions associated with local entropy generation terms.

Findings

The flow and thermal maps show significant variation from Case 1 to Case 2 arrangements. Case 1 configuration may be the optimal strategy as it offers larger heat transfer rates at larger values of Darcy number, Dam. However, Case 2 may be the optimal strategy as it provides moderate heat transfer rates involving savings on entropy production at larger values of Dam. On the other hand, at lower values of Dam (Dam ≤ 10−3), Case 1 or 2 exhibits almost similar heat transfer rates, while Case 1 is preferred for savings of entropy production.

Originality/value

The concave wall is found to be effective to enhance heat transfer rates to promote convection, while convex wall exhibits reduction of entropy production rate. Comparison between Case 1 and Case 2 heating strategies enlightens efficient heating strategies involving concave or convex walls for various values of Dam.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 33 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 20 April 2015

Apinya Chanthakulchan, Pisut Koomsap, Kampanat Auyson and Pitt Supaphol

– This paper aims to present the development of an electrospinning-based rapid prototyping (ESRP) technique for the fabrication of patterned scaffolds from fine fiber.

945

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present the development of an electrospinning-based rapid prototyping (ESRP) technique for the fabrication of patterned scaffolds from fine fiber.

Design/methodology/approach

This ESRP technique unifies rapid prototyping (RP) and electrospinning to obtain the ability of RP to create a controllable pattern and of electrospinning to create a continuous fine fiber. The technique follows RP process of fused deposition modeling, but instead of using extrusion process for fiber creation, electrospinning is applied to generate a continuous fiber from a liquid solution. A machine prototype has been constructed and used in the experiments to evaluate the technique.

Findings

Three different lay-down patterns: 0°/90°, 45°/135° and 45° twists were used in the experiments. According to the experimental results, stacks of patterned layers could be created with the ESRP technique, and the fabrication process was repeatable and reproducible. However, the existing machine vibration influenced the fiber size and the ability to control straightness and gap size. Also, incomplete solidification of the fibers prior to being deposited obstructed the control of layer thickness. Improvement on vibration suppression and fiber solidification will strengthen the capability of this ESRP technique.

Research limitations/implications

This research is currently limited to the introduction of the ESRP technique, to the development of the machine prototype, to the demonstration of its capability and to the evaluation of the structural properties of the fabricated patterned scaffolds. Further studies are required for better control of the patterned scaffolds and for investigation of mechanical and biological properties.

Originality/value

This unification of the two processes allows not only the fabrication of controllable patterned scaffolds but also the fabrication of both woven and non-woven layers of fibers to be done on one machine.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 21 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 14 November 2016

Jawad Raza, Azizah M. Rohni, Zurni Omar, M. Awais and A.Q. Baig

The purpose of this paper is to investigate some multiple solutions for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a porous channel with changing walls. Moreover, the intention of the study is to…

45

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate some multiple solutions for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a porous channel with changing walls. Moreover, the intention of the study is to examine the physicochemical and rheological properties of titania and CNTs.

Design/methodology/approach

The mathematical modeling is performed for the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy profiles. Governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by applying suitable similarity transformation and then solved numerically with the help of shooting technique.

Findings

The effects of different physical parameters on the rheology of nanofluids are discussed graphically and numerically, in order to make the analysis more interesting. The present study revealed that multiple solutions of nanofluids in a channel with changing walls are obtained only for the case of suction.

Originality/value

Some new branches of the solution for nanofluids in a channel with changing walls are obtained in this research, which has never been reported before. Combined effects of physicochemical and rheology of titania and carbon nanotubes are investigated briefly. The effects of physical parameters on velocity and temperature profile are examined in detail which is more realistic than real-world problem.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

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