Abstract
This paper presents a study to determine the extent to which delamination at the die to encapsulant interface affects the package moisture content, and electrical failures when subjected to unbiased temperature‐humidity testing. Moisture absorption experiments showed that the presence of delamination did not significantly after the measurable moisture absorption characteristics of packages. Reliability testing indicated that although delamination is generally thought of as a reliability risk, it may not be a sufficient condition to promote damage in packages under dormant storage conditions. Experimental results showed no parametric or functional failures (or visible degradation) in packages with 100% die surface delamination after 1000 hours of unbiased testing at 140°C/85%RH.
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Electric arc furnaces are very often modeled using combined models which cover separately deterministic and stochastic phenomena taking place in the furnace. The deterministic…
Abstract
Purpose
Electric arc furnaces are very often modeled using combined models which cover separately deterministic and stochastic phenomena taking place in the furnace. The deterministic part is expressed by nonlinear differential equations. A closed form of the solution to one of the most popular nonlinear differential equations used for the AC electric arc modeling does not exist for some values of the parameters. The purpose of this paper is to convert electric arc furnace equation for these parameters to the quadratic polynomial form which significantly simplifies solution.
Design/methodology/approach
The solution has been obtained in the time domain by a sequence of transformations of the original nonlinear equation which lead to a system of quadratic equations, for which a periodic solution can be found easily using harmonic balance method (HBM).
Findings
Quadratic polynomial form of electric arc furnace nonlinear equation in the case for which the solution to the nonlinear differential equation describing electric arc cannot be obtained in a closed form.
Research limitations/implications
The complete model of the arc requires extension of the deterministic solution obtained for the quadratic polynomial form using stochastic or chaotic component.
Practical implications
The obtained results simplify determination of the arc voltage or radius time waveforms if a closed form solution does not exist. The arc model can be used to evaluate the impact of arc furnaces on power quality during the planning stage of new plants. The proposed approach facilitates calculation of the arc characteristic.
Originality/value
In order to avoid problems occurring when a large number of harmonics is required or the system contains strong nonlinearities, a transformation of the original equation has been proposed. Nonlinearities present in the equation have been transformed into purely quadratic polynomial terms. It facilitates application of the classical HBM and allows to follow periodic solutions of the arc equation when its parameters are varied. It also enables better understanding of the phenomenon described by the equation and makes easier the extension of the arc model in order to cover the time-varying character of the arc waveforms.
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Ashlesha Ranade, Pradeep Kumar Singh and Neeraj Shrivastav
This study aims to have a product with enhanced shelf stability from the Kadaknath bird. It is localized to its native tract in India and is unknown to a major part of the world…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to have a product with enhanced shelf stability from the Kadaknath bird. It is localized to its native tract in India and is unknown to a major part of the world. As in tropical countries, the meat products prepared have limited shelf-life and restricted market access, hence, the pickle was developed to enhance its access to areas other than a native tract of Kadaknath.
Design/methodology/approach
The product was developed to assess the effect of cooking and dehydration on sensory and microbial features while enhancing shelf stability. A comparison between cooking methods i.e. steam cooking (SC) and microwave cooking (MC) followed by dehydration to get steam cooked + dehydration (SCD) and microwave cooked + dehydration (MCD) were subjected for the study.
Findings
The study revealed that sensory evaluation, from 0 to 100 days, for all the sensory parameters indicated that SC and MC samples scored more values than SCD and MCD, however, with the storage the values increased initially on the 20th day followed by a gradual decrease. The total plate count (colony forming unit) on 0 day for SC and MC were 2.51 and 2.46, whereas for SCD and MCD the values were 1.94 and 1.98, respectively, indicating significantly (P = 0.01) lower values in dehydrated meat pickle preparations (SCD and MCD) in comparison to samples prepared without dehydration (SC and MC). Similarly, on the 60th day, the meat pickle treatments mentioned as SC and MC had the yeast and mold counts (colony forming unit) detected as 1.79 and 1.88, respectively, however, the organisms were not detectable in treatments SCD and MCD.
Practical implications
Developed product may be suitable for long distance marketing and making the local delicacy available to distant places.
Originality/value
The literature review indicated that though meat pickles have been prepared earlier most of the preparations involved chemical preservatives/antioxidants and trials with hurdles such as dehydration and cooking variations were scanty.
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Michael Pecht and Dave Humphrey
The paper presents an alternative solution to address part obsolescence. This paper discusses approaches to solve part obsolescence including an uprating approach. This paper also…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper presents an alternative solution to address part obsolescence. This paper discusses approaches to solve part obsolescence including an uprating approach. This paper also describes the methods to uprate parts, and demonstrates the practical application of the uprating approach in the form of a case study.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper has been written to provide an understanding of the uprating approach to mitigate the problems caused by part obsolescence. The paper discusses the challenge faced due to part obsolescence, the temperature ratings for electronic parts, the uprating methods and finally explains the use of uprating to mitigate part obsolescence in the form of a case study. The part being uprated is a microcontroller unit used in many avionics applications. The case study describes a particular use of uprating and the return on investment.
Findings
Based on the uprating approach, it was discovered that for the particular application, the commercially available plastic quad flat pack microcontroller could be used as a substitute for the “military” ceramic BGA version, which was discontinued by the manufacturer. It was discovered that there would be no problem with the commercial part's quality or reliability for the particular application. Parametric tests showed no evidence of instability of electrical characteristics over the uprated temperature range. There was substantial return on investment due to the use of uprated parts.
Practical implications
This paper can help electronics manufactures deal with part obsolescence. This paper demonstrates the practicality of uprating parts. Uprating can save companies money by reducing the need for life‐time buys, substitution of parts and even redesign.
Originality/value
The paper provides an alternative approach to address the problem of part obsolescence. This paper shows that proper uprating leads to cost saving while continuing to provide reliable service.
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Sam Ban, William Pao and Mohammad Shakir Nasif
The purpose of this paper is to investigate oil-gas slug formation in horizontal straight pipe and its associated pressure gradient, slug liquid holdup and slug frequency.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate oil-gas slug formation in horizontal straight pipe and its associated pressure gradient, slug liquid holdup and slug frequency.
Design/methodology/approach
The abrupt change in gas/liquid velocities, which causes transition of flow patterns, was analyzed using incompressible volume of fluid method to capture the dynamic gas-liquid interface. The validity of present model and its methodology was validated using Baker’s flow regime chart for 3.15 inches diameter horizontal pipe and with existing experimental data to ensure its correctness.
Findings
The present paper proposes simplified correlations for liquid holdup and slug frequency by comparison with numerous existing models. The paper also identified correlations that can be used in operational oil and gas industry and several outlier models that may not be applicable.
Research limitations/implications
The correlation may be limited to the range of material properties used in this paper.
Practical implications
Numerically derived liquid holdup and holdup frequency agreed reasonably with the experimentally derived correlations.
Social implications
The models could be used to design pipeline and piping systems for oil and gas production.
Originality/value
The paper simulated all the seven flow regimes with superior results compared to existing methodology. New correlations derived numerically are compared to published experimental correlations to understand the difference between models.
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A number of multidimensional poverty measures that respect the ordinal nature of dimensions have recently been proposed within the counting approach framework. Besides ensuring a…
Abstract
A number of multidimensional poverty measures that respect the ordinal nature of dimensions have recently been proposed within the counting approach framework. Besides ensuring a reduction in poverty, however, it is important to monitor distributional changes to ensure that poverty reduction has been inclusive in reaching the poorest. Distributional issues are typically captured by adjusting a poverty measure to be sensitive to inequality among the poor. This approach, however, has certain practical and conceptual limitations. It conflicts, for example, with some policy-relevant measurement features, such as the ability to decompose a measure into dimensions post-identification and does not create an appropriate framework for assessing disparity in poverty across population subgroups. In this chapter, we propose and justify the use of a separate decomposable inequality measure – a positive multiple of “variance” – to capture the distribution of deprivations among the poor and to assess disparity in poverty across population subgroups. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach through two contrasting inter-temporal illustrations using Demographic Health Survey data sets for Haiti and India.
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Ma Casilda Lasso de la Vega and Ana Urrutia
In the unidimensional poverty field, a number of axioms capture the distribution sensitivity among the poor. One of them is the monotonicity sensitivity axiom that demands that a…
Abstract
In the unidimensional poverty field, a number of axioms capture the distribution sensitivity among the poor. One of them is the monotonicity sensitivity axiom that demands that a poverty measure should be more sensitive to a reduction in the income of a poor person, the poorer that person is. On the other hand, the minimal transfer axiom requires poverty to decrease when a transfer of income is made from a poor person to a poorer one. These axioms turn out to be identical, but they provide different and interesting interpretations. Both of them rely deeply on the income-ranking of the poor.
Some generalizations of the minimal transfer axiom and its variations have been proposed in the multidimensional framework. In none of them the partial ordering of the poor is taken into account. No counterpart of the monotonicity sensitivity axiom exists.
This note introduces multidimensional generalizations of the two mentioned axioms, keeping the crucial assumption that only when the poor involved are unambiguously ranked are the axioms uncontroversial. We show that the two generalizations proposed are also identical in the multidimensional setting although offering different interpretations. Relationships between the new properties and those existing in the literature are analyzed.
Sanjay Taneja, Neha Bansal and Ercan Özen
In the last 10 years, the global financial services industry has significantly benefited from fintech. As the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem continues to change, more…
Abstract
Purpose
In the last 10 years, the global financial services industry has significantly benefited from fintech. As the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem continues to change, more fintech-use case-driven firms are created, and more investors are supporting these enterprises. India is acknowledged as a powerful fintech centre internationally.
Need of the Study
The goal of the current research is to comprehend the revolutionary landscape of the Indian financial system.
Methodology: The research methodology entails a thorough review of several research papers and government reports better to understand fintech's role in the Indian financial system. This requires examining the trends, regulations and technical breakthroughs driving the fintech ecosystem to present a comprehensive picture of its influence.
Finding
The present chapter indicates that the fintech industry is flourishing in India. Over the following years, technological improvements will fuel the market's continuous expansion and change how financial products and services are produced, distributed and used.
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Ryan B. Wicker, Atul V. Ranade, Francisco Medina and Jeremy A. Palmer
In an effort to directly manufacture devices with embedded complex and three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐channels on the order of microns to millimeters, issues associated with…
Abstract
Purpose
In an effort to directly manufacture devices with embedded complex and three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐channels on the order of microns to millimeters, issues associated with micro‐fabrication using current commercially available line‐scan stereolithography (SL) technology were investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
Practical issues associated with the successful fabrication of embedded micro‐channels were divided into software part preparation, part manufacture, and post‐cleaning with emphasis on channel geometry, size, and orientation for successful micro‐fabrication. Accurate representation of intended geometries was investigated during conversion from CAD to STL and STL to machine build file, and fabricated vertical and horizontal micro‐channels were inspected. Additional build issues investigated included accurate spatial registration of the build platform, building without base support, and Z‐stage position accuracy during the build.
Findings
For successful fabrication of micro‐channels using current technology, it is imperative to inspect the conversion process from CAD to STL and STL to machine build file. Inaccuracies in micro‐channel representation can arise at different stages of part preparation, although newer software versions appear to improve representation of micro‐geometries. Square channel cross‐sections are most easily sliced and vertical channels are most easily stacked together for layered manufacturing. While building, a means should be developed for building without base and internal supports, providing feedback on Z‐stage position, and having the capability for cleaning the micro‐channels.
Research limitations/implications
This research demonstrates that commercial SL technology is capable of accurately fabricating embedded vertical square cross‐section micro‐channels on the order of 100 μm (with reasonable advancements to smaller scales on the order of 10 μm achievable). Additional practical limitations exist on other channel geometries and orientations. The research used a single resin and additional material resins should be explored for improved micro‐fabrication characteristics.
Practical implications
Practical issues associated with micro‐fabrication of embedded channels with appropriate solutions using available SL technology were provided. It is expected that these solutions will enable unique applications of micro‐channel fabrication for micro‐fluidic and other devices.
Originality/value
This work represents an original investigation of the capabilities of current line‐scan SL technology for fabricating embedded micro‐channels, and the solutions provide the means for applying this technology in micro‐fabrication.