Xueping Zhen, Shuangshuang Xu, Dan Shi and Fangjun Liu
This study aims to explore the government’s subsidy preference and pricing decisions of a manufacturer who produces traditional and green product simultaneously under different…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the government’s subsidy preference and pricing decisions of a manufacturer who produces traditional and green product simultaneously under different government subsidy policies.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors establish a model consisting of a government, a set of heterogeneous consumers and a manufacturer. Three government subsidy policies are investigated without government subsidy (NS), government subsidy to consumer (CS) and government subsidy to the manufacturer (MS).
Findings
The results show that the government subsidy can increase both the green product’s demand and the manufacturer’s profit. The subsidy level and government’s utility under the CS policy are equal to those under the MS policy. Furthermore, if the government’s subsidy level is exogenous, there exists a Pareto improvement region when social welfare for unit greenness level is high. That is, if the government’s subsidy level under the CS policy is higher than that under the MS policy, both government and manufacturer prefer the CS policy; otherwise, they prefer the MS policy.
Research limitations/implications
This paper considers the market where there is a monopoly green manufacturer and a government that only provides subsidy policy. In fact, competition from traditional manufacturers and carbon taxes are also worth exploring in future research.
Practical implications
This study provides some suggestions for government subsidy and provides guidance for the manufacturer’s pricing decisions under different government subsidy policies.
Originality/value
This paper is the first to compare government subsidy to consumer with a government subsidy to the manufacturer and investigate the pricing decisions of a manufacturer who produces traditional and green product simultaneously by considering an endogenous subsidy level of government.
Details
Keywords
Jiaru Shao, Xueping Mo, Zijun Zheng and Yu Yang
This study aims to improve the survivability and maneuverability of the fighter,and study the stealth performance of fighter in the jet noise of aeroengine, it is of great…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to improve the survivability and maneuverability of the fighter,and study the stealth performance of fighter in the jet noise of aeroengine, it is of great significance to study the jet noise characteristics of double S-bend nozzles.
Design/methodology/approach
The multiparameter coupling and super-ellipse design methods are used to design the cross section of double S-bend nozzle. Taking unsteady flow information as the equivalent sound source, the noise signal at the far-field monitoring points were calculated with Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) method, and then, the sound source characteristics of the double S-bend nozzle are analyzed.
Findings
The results show that the internal flow of the S-bend nozzle with rectangular section is smoothed and the aerodynamic performance is better than super-ellipse section, the shear layer length of rectangular section is longer, the thickness is smaller and the mixing ability is stronger. The sound pressure level of the two S-bend nozzles decreases with the increase of the monitoring angle, and the sound pressure on the horizontal plane is greater than the vertical plane. In the direction of 40°–120°, the jet noise of rectangular nozzle is smaller, and the multiparameter coupled rectangular cross section structure is more applicable.
Practical implications
It is beneficial to reduce the jet noise of the engine tail nozzle and improve the stealth performance of the aircraft.
Originality/value
There is very little research on the jet noise characteristics of the double S-bend nozzle. The multiparameter coupling and the super-ellipse method are used to design the nozzle flow section to study the aerodynamic performance and jet noise characteristics of the double S-bend nozzle and to improve the acoustic stealth characteristics of the aircraft.