Yang Zhou, Zhong Li, Yuhe Huang, Xiaohan Chen, Xinggang Li, Xiaogang Hu and Qiang Zhu
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in-situ alloying is a recently developed technology that provides a facile approach to optimizing the microstructural and compositional…
Abstract
Purpose
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in-situ alloying is a recently developed technology that provides a facile approach to optimizing the microstructural and compositional characteristics of the components for high performance goals. However, the complex mass and heat transfer behavior of the molten pool results in an inhomogeneous composition distribution within the samples fabricated by LPBF in-situ alloying. The study aims to investigate the heat and mass transfer behavior of an in-situ alloyed molten pool by developing a three-dimensional transient thermal-flow model that couples the metallurgical behavior of the alloy, thereby revealing the formation mechanism of composition inhomogeneity.
Design/methodology/approach
A multispecies multiphase computational fluid dynamic model was developed with thermodynamic factors derived from the phase diagram of the selected alloy system. The characteristics of the Al/Cu powder bed in-situ alloying process were investigated as a benchmark. The metallurgical behaviors including powder melting, thermal-flow, element transfer and solidification were investigated.
Findings
The Peclet number indicates that the mass transfer in the molten pool is dominated by convection. The large variation in material properties and temperature results in the presence of partially melted Cu-powder and pre-solidified particles in the molten pool, which further hinder the convection mixing. The study of simulation and experiment indicates that optimizing the laser energy input is beneficial for element homogenization. The effective time and driving force of the convection stirring can be improved by increasing the volume energy density.
Originality/value
This study provides an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism of composition inhomogeneity in alloy fabricated by LPBF in-situ alloying.
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Yang Zhou, Wenying Qu, Fan Zhou, Xinggang Li, Lijun Song and Qiang Zhu
This paper aims to understand the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mechanism in the molten pool under different modes of magnetic field. The comparison focuses on the Lorenz force…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to understand the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mechanism in the molten pool under different modes of magnetic field. The comparison focuses on the Lorenz force excitation and its effect on the melt flow and solidification parameters, intending to obtain practical references for the design of magnetic field-assisted laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) equipment.
Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional transient multi-physical model, coupled with MHD and thermodynamic, was established. The dimension and microstructure of the molten pool under a 0T magnetic field was used as a benchmark for accuracy verification. The interaction between the melt flow and the Lorenz force is compared under a static magnetic field in the X-, Y- and Z-directions, and also an oscillating and alternating magnetic field.
Findings
The numerical results indicate that the chaotic fluctuation of melt flow trends to stable under the magnetostatic field, while a periodically oscillating melt flow could be obtained by applying a nonstatic magnetic field. The Y and Z directional applied magnetostatic field shows the effective damping effect, while the two nonstatic magnetic fields discussed in this paper have almost the same effect on melt flow. Since the heat transfer inside the molten pool is dominated by convection, the application of a magnetic field has a limited effect on the temperature gradient and solidification rate at the solidification interface due to the convection mode of melt flow is still Marangoni convection.
Originality/value
This work provided a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanism between the magnetic field and melt flow inside the molten pool, and provided practical references for magnetic field-assisted L-DED equipment design.
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This paper investigates the evolving landscape of architectural criticism in the digital era, leveraging the enduring interplay between architecture and media. It specifically…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper investigates the evolving landscape of architectural criticism in the digital era, leveraging the enduring interplay between architecture and media. It specifically examines the role of social media and public awards in improving user engagement with architectural discourse.
Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative analyses, is used to discuss three architecture awards. These are chosen for their different evaluation processes and their capacity to offer diverse opportunities for public interaction and engagement.
Findings
The study emphasises the potential of social media to democratise architectural criticism, while also addressing challenges such as the prominence of non-critical visual material and the presence of algorithmic biases. The findings underline the importance of providing adequate materials for public evaluation and integrating expert juries to support the assessment process. These elements are essential to fostering informed public participation, bridging the gap between professional expertise and popular engagement, and enabling meaningful architectural discourse on social media.
Originality/value
This paper fills a gap in the academic literature by connecting public architectural awards – a relatively unexplored aspect of architectural culture – with the potential of social media as a platform for architectural criticism.
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Jiangtao Hong, Yuting Quan, Xinggang Tong and Kwok Hung Lau
The fresh food supply chain industry faces significant challenges in risk management because of the complexity, immature development and unpredictable external environment of…
Abstract
Purpose
The fresh food supply chain industry faces significant challenges in risk management because of the complexity, immature development and unpredictable external environment of imported fresh food supply chains (IFFSCs). This study aims to identify specific risk factors in IFFSCs, demonstrate how these risks are transmitted within the system and provide an analytical framework for managing these risks.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 15 risk factors for IFFSCs through extensive literature review and expert consultation are identified and classified into seven levels using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to demonstrate the risk transmission path. Fuzzy Matrice d’Impacts Croises-Multiplication Appliance Classement (MICMAC) analysis is then used to analyze the role of each factor.
Findings
The interactions of the 15 identified risk factors of IFFSCs, classified into seven levels, are visualized using ISM. The fuzzy MICMAC analysis classifies the factors into four groups, namely, dependent, independent, linkage and autonomous factors, and identifies the relatively critical risk factors in the system.
Research limitations/implications
The findings of this research provide a clear framework for enterprises operating in IFFSCs to understand the specific risks they may face and how these risks interact within the system. The fuzzy MICMAC analysis also classifies and highlights critical risk factors in the system to facilitate the formulation of appropriate mitigation measures.
Originality/value
This study provides enterprises in IFFSCs with a comprehensive understanding of how the risks can be effectively managed and a basis for further exploration. The theoretical model constructed is also a new effort to address the issues of risk in IFFSCs. The ISM and the fuzzy MICMAC analysis offer clear insights for researchers and enterprises to grasp complex concepts.
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Ya Li, Xiping Liu and Zhangqi Liu
This paper aims to present an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with double-layer PMs used for electric vehicles, of which the integrated simulation of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with double-layer PMs used for electric vehicles, of which the integrated simulation of electromagnetic field, stress field and temperature field are analyzed.
Design/methodology/approach
Some electromagnetic characteristics including iron loss, efficiency and flux linkage are obtained by finite element analysis. The mechanical strength of rotor at the maximum speed and the temperature rise at the rated load are calculated by three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).
Findings
The results show that the presented IPMSM can work with sufficient mechanical strength, machine temperature rise and high efficiency during field-weakening operation. The experiments were carried out to verify the FEA, and acceptable results can be achieved.
Originality/value
This paper proposed a novel IPMSM with the double-layer permanent magnets, which is designed and checked by the multi-physics fields, and the high efficiency in all operational regions can be achieved for this machine.