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Article
Publication date: 4 November 2019

Xiaoping Zhao, Feibo Shao and Chuang Wu

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance implications of two major mechanisms for organizational learning (i.e. exploration and exploitation). Exploration…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance implications of two major mechanisms for organizational learning (i.e. exploration and exploitation). Exploration refers to firm activities that explore new and novel knowledge, whereas exploitation reflects the extent to which a firm reuses its existing knowledge. The authors predict curvilinear (i.e. an inverted U-shape) relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance, respectively. That is, firm performance first increases with exploration/exploitation at a decreasing rate; then, firm performance decreases at an increasing rate after firm performance reaches a maximum point. Furthermore, the authors examine whether the curvilinear relationships are moderated by two types of firm–stakeholder relationships (i.e. firm–employee and firm–customer relationships).

Design/methodology/approach

Using the data from National Bureau of Economic Research, US Patent Citations Data File, KLD Research and Analytics Inc. and Compustat series, the authors construct an unbalanced panel data set of 3,070 observations in 554 firms from 1991 to 2006. To test the hypotheses, feasible generalized least squares regression is used.

Findings

In consistent with the prediction, the authors find inverted U-shape relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance. The authors also find that the curvilinear relationships are moderated by firm–employee relationships. The relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance become stronger when firms have better relationships with employees.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides empirical evidence that better firm–employee relationships can strengthen the curvilinear relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance. The authors argue that future studies should extend to other stakeholder relationships, using more refined measures, and incorporating the concept of ambidexterity.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that managers should design innovation strategy based on performance implications of exploration/exploitation and that managers should also realize that stakeholder relationships can influence the relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance. First, the study shows that although exploration and exploitation can improve firm performance, too much exploration or exploitation is not good for firm performance. Therefore, managers should consider seriously the maximum point of performance that exploration and exploitation can reach and avoid too much exploration or exploitation. Second, firms can invest in firm–employee relationships to gain better performance implications from exploration/exploitation. The study shows that, as firms develop better firm–employee relationship, the relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance are stronger and firm performance is likely to reach a higher apex.

Originality/value

The authors find the inverted U-shape relationships between exploration/exploitation and firm performance, moreover, the authors add two contingent factors associated with stakeholders that can help exploration and exploitation contribute more to firm performance.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 59 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2021

Feibo Shao, Audrey J. Murrell, Xiaoping Zhao, Ke Zhang and Timothy A. Hart

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) co-exist within many firms. Yet, without understanding how CSR and CSIR are related, our…

1986

Abstract

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) co-exist within many firms. Yet, without understanding how CSR and CSIR are related, our knowledge of these concepts is incomplete. This study initiatively explores four relationships between prior CSR/CSIR and subsequent CSR/CSIR.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the KLD database as the source of measures on CSR and CSIR. The final sample contains 1,820 firms and 14,420 firm-year observations from 1991 to 2013. The Arellano—Bond GMM estimator is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The empirical analyses yield the following results: (1) a positive relationship between prior CSR and subsequent CSR, (2) a negative relationship between prior CSR and subsequent CSIR, (3) a positive relationship between prior CSIR and subsequent CSR and (4) a positive relationship between prior CSIR and subsequent CSIR.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides comprehensive evidence of the dynamic relationships between CSR and CSIR by incorporating multiple relationships between these variables into a single study. It also identifies key contexts that shape these relationships and identifies several promising areas of further inquiry.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the dynamic CSR – CSIR relationships in a single study. Most previous studies investigate either CSR or CSIR; few studies have incorporated them into one study.

Details

Journal of Strategy and Management, vol. 14 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-425X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2010

Xuefen Chen and Baiyin Yang

The purpose of this paper is to examine the uniqueness of management development in China during 1990 and 2010 as represented by the MBA education, and to explore its successes…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the uniqueness of management development in China during 1990 and 2010 as represented by the MBA education, and to explore its successes and challenges in the Chinese transitioning context.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted an approach that integrated content analysis of literature, historical data and interviews.

Findings

It was found that successful practices such as the National MBA Education Supervisory Committee, the top‐down approach by the government, the emphasis on international collaborations and faculty development, national MBA entrance examinations, and other related measures have maintained the MBA education system on its current development course, while challenges from the ever‐changing context, the balance between internationalization and localization, curriculum design with the Chinese characteristics will continue to shape the future of MBA education in China.

Practical implications

Copying from others for management development in the initial stage may be feasible, but it is the localization that ensures flexibility and sustainability.

Originality/value

There has been insufficient systematic assessment of MBA education in China. This paper examined MBA practices and challenges in the past two decades of development and offers policy implications for future program development.

Details

Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-8005

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Article
Publication date: 7 March 2019

Hui-Wen Deng and Kwok Wah Cheung

The National People’s Congress (NPC) of People’s Republic of China, the highest organ of state power, is popularly seen as a rubber-stamp entity. However, it has been…

379

Abstract

Purpose

The National People’s Congress (NPC) of People’s Republic of China, the highest organ of state power, is popularly seen as a rubber-stamp entity. However, it has been substantially evolving its roles to accommodate the governance discourses within China’s political system over the decades. This study aims to explore the changes of governance discourse of the NPC within China’s political system through which to offer a thorough understanding of the NPC’s evolving substantial role in current China.

Design/methodology/approach

This study deploys a historical approach to explore the changes of governance discourse of the NPC that has seen a growing importance in China’s political agenda, as argued by this study.

Findings

The authors find that the NPC has been substantially evolving its role within China’s political system in which the Chinese Communist Party has created different governance discourses. Besides, the NPC and its Standing Committee have asserted its authority as a substantial actor within China’s political system. The NPC is no longer functioned as a rubber-stamp institution, though it is still popularized as a rubber stamp by many scholars.

Research limitations/implications

This study is a historical elaboration on the development of NPC under three governance discourses. It might be, to some extent, relatively descriptive in nature.

Originality/value

This study, therefore, sheds some light on a revisit on the governance discourses in current China.

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Article
Publication date: 13 June 2016

Ping Ke, Xin Chen, Yingxi Liu and Yimin Zhao

China is currently constructing the public cultural service system on a national scale. Library strategic environment problems, such as the status of library in the public…

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Abstract

Purpose

China is currently constructing the public cultural service system on a national scale. Library strategic environment problems, such as the status of library in the public cultural service system, the relationship with relevant public cultural service institutions/organizations, and the factors influencing library development, etc., which increasingly raise people’s concern. The purpose of this paper is to solve above mentioned problems.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used online and offline questionnaires to solicit feedback from public cultural service institutions/organizations. Based on the data from questionnaires, this paper analyzed library strategic environment in the public cultural service system in mainland China by adopting correlation analysis, mean analysis and factor analysis, etc.

Findings

Stakeholders (relevant public cultural service institutions) highly valued the status of library and no respondents believed that library did not belong to the public cultural service system. Compared with competing relationship between enterprises, library and relevant cultural services institutions were partners rather than competitors. Three main factors that influenced library strategic planning were identified: internal conditions factors, external environment factors and stakeholder related factors.

Research limitations/implications

There are some limitations of this thesis. For instance, the sample size is not large enough and respondents are confined to cities, which may reduce the generalizability of the findings.

Originality/value

Through this analysis, library can learn more of national cultural environment in China, and take necessary measures to cope with these changes.

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Article
Publication date: 18 May 2021

Samik Shome, Deepak Danak, Parag Rijwani and Ashish Chandra

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Abstract

Details

Management Decision, vol. 59 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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Book part
Publication date: 21 April 2022

Sampson Lee Blair, Timothy J. Madigan and Fang Fang

Abstract

Details

Mate Selection in China: Causes and Consequences in the Search for a Spouse
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-331-9

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1993

Chien‐Hsun Chen

Using cointegration and Granger causality tests, examines thecausal relationship between defence spending and economic growth inmainland China over the period 1950‐1991. The…

807

Abstract

Using cointegration and Granger causality tests, examines the causal relationship between defence spending and economic growth in mainland China over the period 1950‐1991. The results show that defence spending is not cointegrated with the real economic growth rate, implying the lack of any long‐run equilibrium relationship between the two variables. In addition, Granger causality tests indicate causal independence between the two variables.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 20 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 7 November 2018

Franky K.H. Choi

Outside the US and Europe, to establish a good government requires more than Western-style democracy. Adopting universal suffrage fully from the Western model is no longer a…

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Abstract

Purpose

Outside the US and Europe, to establish a good government requires more than Western-style democracy. Adopting universal suffrage fully from the Western model is no longer a panacea to reach the ultimate goal of good governance in the East, i.e., to keep promoting socio-economic renovation can be noted as a prerequisite to have further meaningful political advancement in an Asian polity. The purpose of this paper is to explain how to establish a good but authoritarian government in the East.

Design/methodology/approach

Given the good of comparative historical analysis, Lee Kuan Yew in Singapore and Deng Xiaoping in China are selected as both cases for “method of agreement.” Further including “argument based on the contrary” to form a context for macro-historical analysis, this paper outlines two characteristics of the duo’s authoritarian leadership, namely, Ideologies and Policy-making; and Political Modernization, and hence provides a more balanced reevaluation of their governance.

Findings

Apart from noting how these two Asian giants more or less contributed to their good but authoritarian governments for long in the twentieth century, such a word of authoritarianism to the duo was quite positive to help legitimize their governance, which was far different from many negative views of the Western world.

Originality/value

As theories put forward by Western academics could not entirely justify modernization among Asian societies in the twentieth century, this paper attempts to answer one question: Does the meaning of authoritarianism remain unchanged in the discourse of the East and the West?

Details

Public Administration and Policy, vol. 21 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1727-2645

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 2 November 2021

Franky K.H. Choi

The purpose of this paper is to bring out the possibility of selecting good leaders in Asian countries, i.e., China and Singapore.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to bring out the possibility of selecting good leaders in Asian countries, i.e., China and Singapore.

Design/methodology/approach

Since comparative historical analysis enhances the objectivity for academic discussion, Deng Xiaoping’s and Lee Kuan Yew’s leadership successions have been chosen as the cases for studies by virtue of “method of agreement”. Incorporating “argument based on the contrary” into the context for macro-historical analysis, this paper characterises the duo’s successful (at least quite successful) leadership successions, thus offering an alternative paradigm beyond Western-style democracy.

Findings

Both cases of post-Mao China and the independent Singapore indicate that in quite a number of Asian countries, good leaders could still be selected beyond universal suffrage as practised among Western Electoral Democracies, mainly because of the elites-driven context. As to the duo’s succession results, Deng Xiaoping’s selection of leaders was somewhat successful, while Lee Kuan Yew’s was phenomenal.

Originality

This paper offers readers a glance over the possibility of selecting good leaders in Asian countries not fully based on Western-style democracy. Learning from the duo’s leadership successions, the West may treat elite politics as the supplement under Western Electoral Democracies in order to avoid their countries falling into the trap of populism. The West could meanwhile consider the exceptional criteria prized by the duo for leadership successions. Considering such interactions among elites in the real-life context, it could serve as an alternative model to Western-style democracy.

Details

Public Administration and Policy, vol. 24 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1727-2645

Keywords

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