Xiaohua Zhao, Xuewei Li, Yufei Chen, Haijian Li and Yang Ding
Heavy fog results in low visibility, which increases the probability and severity of traffic crashes, and fog warning system is conducive to the reduction of crashes by conveying…
Abstract
Purpose
Heavy fog results in low visibility, which increases the probability and severity of traffic crashes, and fog warning system is conducive to the reduction of crashes by conveying warning messages to drivers. This paper aims at exploring the effects of dynamic message sign (DMS) of fog warning system on driver performance.
Design/methodology/approach
First, a testing platform was established based on driving simulator and driver performance data under DMS were collected. The experiment route was consisted of three different zones (i.e. warning zone, transition zone and heavy fog zone), and mean speed, mean acceleration, mean jerk in the whole zone, ending speed in the warning zone and transition zone, maximum deceleration rate and mean speed reduction proportion in the transition zone and heavy fog zone were selected. Next, the one-way analysis of variance was applied to test the significant difference between the metrics. Besides, drivers’ subjective perception was also considered.
Findings
The results indicated that DMS is beneficial to reduce speed before drivers enter the heavy fog zone. Besides, when drivers enter a heavy fog zone, DMS can reduce the tension of drivers and make drivers operate more smoothly.
Originality/value
This paper provides a comprehensive approach for evaluating the effectiveness of the warning system in adverse conditions based on the driving simulation test platform. The method can be extended to the evaluation of vehicle-to-infrastructure technology in other special scenarios.
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Jia Li, Wenxiang Xu and Xiaohua Zhao
Connected vehicle-based variable speed limit (CV-VSL) systems in fog area use multi-source detection data to indicate drivers to make uniform change in speed when low visibility…
Abstract
Purpose
Connected vehicle-based variable speed limit (CV-VSL) systems in fog area use multi-source detection data to indicate drivers to make uniform change in speed when low visibility conditions suddenly occur. The purpose of the speed limit is to make the driver's driving behavior more consistent, so as to improve traffic safety and relieve traffic congestion. The on-road dynamic message sign (DMS) and on-board human–machine interface (HMI) are two types of warning technologies for CV-VSL systems. This study aims to analyze drivers’ acceptance of the two types of warning technologies in fog area and its influencing factors.
Design/methodology/approach
This study developed DMS and on-board HMI for the CV-VSL system in fog area on a driving simulator. The DMS and on-board HMI provided the driver with weather and speed limit information. In all, 38 participants participated in the experiment and completed questionnaires on drivers’ basic information, perceived usefulness and ease of use of the CV-VSL systems. Technology acceptance model (TAM) was developed to evaluate the drivers’ acceptance of CV-VSL systems. A variance analysis method was used to study the influencing factors of drivers’ acceptance including drivers’ characteristics, technology types and fog density.
Findings
The results showed that drivers’ acceptance of on-road DMS was significantly higher than that of on-board HMI. The fog density had no significant effect on drivers’ acceptance of on-road DMS or on-board HMI. Drivers’ gender, age, driving year and driving personality were associated with the acceptance of the two CV-VSL technologies differently. This study is beneficial to the functional improvement of on-road DMS, on-board HMI and their market prospects.
Originality/value
Previous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CV-VSL systems. However, there were rare studies focused on the drivers’ attitude toward using which was also called as acceptance of the CV-VSL systems. Therefore, this research calculated the drivers’ acceptance of two normally used CV-VSL systems including on-road DMS and on-board HMI using TAM. Furthermore, variance analysis was conducted to explore whether the factors such as drivers’ characteristics (gender, age, driving year and driving personality), technology types and fog density affected the drivers’ acceptance of the CV-VSL systems.
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Tengxiao Jiao, Xiaohua Zhao and Xianguo Li
This research aims to explore the interactions of stakeholders in online food delivery (OFD) platforms, including restaurants, the delivery system and the platform, and the effect…
Abstract
Purpose
This research aims to explore the interactions of stakeholders in online food delivery (OFD) platforms, including restaurants, the delivery system and the platform, and the effect on total sales. In order to comprehensively analyze the service of stakeholders, the authors adopted the time duration which provides a unified metric for assessing service performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model analysis to verify the interactions among restaurants, the delivery system, and the platform itself, and to assess their effects on the sales. Data were collected from one of the biggest OFD service platforms in China – Eleme.com.
Findings
First, the findings confirmed that the service performance of restaurants, the delivery system and the platform itself influence one another. There is a bidirectional causality between food preparation time (FPT) and actual delivery time (ACDT), as well as between FPT and advance arrival time (ADAT), ACDT and ADAT. Second, the service performance of restaurants, the delivery system, and the platform itself all positively affect sales, thus demonstrating unidirectional causality.
Originality/value
The current research is a pioneering empirical study, as it confirms the dynamic interactions between participants in OFD platforms and the dynamic influence of their respective service performances on sales. The findings of this research have a number of implications for the management and operation of online food ordering and delivery platforms.
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Qihui Chen, Jingqin Xu, Jiaqi Zhao and Bo Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the returns to rural schooling in China, addressing both endogeneity in rural individuals’ schooling and self-selection into off-farm work.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the returns to rural schooling in China, addressing both endogeneity in rural individuals’ schooling and self-selection into off-farm work.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper exploits geographical proximity to rural secondary schools to create instrumental variables (IV) for individuals’ years of schooling. It addresses both endogenous schooling and self-selection using the two-step procedure developed in Wooldridge (2002, p. 586).
Findings
The preferred IV estimate of schooling returns, 7.6 percent, is considerably higher than most previous estimates found in rural China.
Originality/value
This paper is among the few papers that examine returns to rural schooling in China while simultaneously addressing both endogeneity in individuals’ schooling and self-selection into off-farm work. Its findings suggest that rural education in China is potentially able to generate a respectable level of economic returns if policies are designed to provide greater school accessibility to rural individuals.
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Xintong Zhao, Jane Greenberg, Vanessa Meschke, Eric Toberer and Xiaohua Hu
The output of academic literature has increased significantly due to digital technology, presenting researchers with a challenge across every discipline, including materials…
Abstract
Purpose
The output of academic literature has increased significantly due to digital technology, presenting researchers with a challenge across every discipline, including materials science, as it is impossible to manually read and extract knowledge from millions of published literature. The purpose of this study is to address this challenge by exploring knowledge extraction in materials science, as applied to digital scholarship. An overriding goal is to help inform readers about the status knowledge extraction in materials science.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a two-part analysis, comparing knowledge extraction methods applied materials science scholarship, across a sample of 22 articles; followed by a comparison of HIVE-4-MAT, an ontology-based knowledge extraction and MatScholar, a named entity recognition (NER) application. This paper covers contextual background, and a review of three tiers of knowledge extraction (ontology-based, NER and relation extraction), followed by the research goals and approach.
Findings
The results indicate three key needs for researchers to consider for advancing knowledge extraction: the need for materials science focused corpora; the need for researchers to define the scope of the research being pursued, and the need to understand the tradeoffs among different knowledge extraction methods. This paper also points to future material science research potential with relation extraction and increased availability of ontologies.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are very few studies examining knowledge extraction in materials science. This work makes an important contribution to this underexplored research area.
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Tianchang Zhai, Wenjin Long and Wei Si
The purpose of this study is to explain the rapid growth of urban residents' sugar consumption in China from the perspective of habit formation.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explain the rapid growth of urban residents' sugar consumption in China from the perspective of habit formation.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the provincial panel data of Chinese urban households from 1995 to 2012, this study uses the two-step System Generalized Moment Method (GMM) to test the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. We also use system GMM and the recursive estimated method to explore the changes of the habit formation coefficients in different years.
Findings
We find a significant habit formation effect on overall residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods expenditure. The habit formation effect on total residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods is decreasing over the years. The patterns of the changes of the habit formation effect on different types of sugar foods are slightly different.
Research limitations/implications
Due to data limitations, we are not able to do household-level analysis and to examine the heterogeneity of the habit formation effect.
Originality/value
This is the first study that examines changes in the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. Our findings provide a reasonable explanation for the rapid growth of residents' sugar consumption in urban China. The result helps to formulate targeted policies for future interventions to control the growth of sugar consumption.
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Zhenshuang Wang, Yanxin Zhou, Xiaohua Jin, Ning Zhao and Jianshu Sun
Public-private partnership (PPP) projects for construction waste recycling have become the main approach to construction waste treatment in China. Risk sharing and income…
Abstract
Purpose
Public-private partnership (PPP) projects for construction waste recycling have become the main approach to construction waste treatment in China. Risk sharing and income distribution of PPP projects play a vital role in achieving project success. This paper is aimed at building a practical and effective risk sharing and income distribution model to achieve win–win situation among different stakeholders, thereby providing a systematic framework for governments to promote construction waste recycling.
Design/methodology/approach
Stakeholders of construction waste recycling PPP projects were reclassified according to the stakeholder theory. Best-worst multi–criteria decision-making method and comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method (BWM–FCE) risk assessment model was constructed to optimize the risk assessment of core stakeholders in construction waste recycling PPP projects. Based on the proposed risk evaluation model for construction waste recycling PPP projects, the Shapley value income distribution model was modified in combination with capital investment, contribution and project participation to obtain a more equitable and reasonable income distribution system.
Findings
The income distribution model showed that PPP Project Companies gained more transaction benefits, which proved that PPP Project Companies played an important role in the actual operation of PPP projects. The policy change risk, investment and financing risk and income risk were the most important risks and key factors for project success. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the management of PPP Project Companies, and in the process of PPP implementation, the government should focus on preventing the risk of policy changes, investment and financing risks and income risks.
Practical implications
The findings from this study have advanced the application methods of risk sharing and income distribution for PPP projects and further improved PPP project-related theories. It helps to promote and rationalize fairness in construction waste recycling PPP projects and to achieve mutual benefits and win–win situation in risk sharing. It has also provided a reference for resource management of construction waste and laid a solid foundation for long-term development of construction waste resources.
Originality/value
PPP mode is an effective tool for construction waste recycling. How to allocate risks and distribute benefits has become the most important issue of waste recycling PPP projects, and also the key to project success. The originality of this study resides in its provision of a holistic approach of risk allocation and benefit distribution on construction waste PPP projects in China as a developing country. Accordingly, this study adds its value by promoting resource development of construction waste, extending an innovative risk allocation and benefit distribution method in PPP projects, and providing a valuable reference for policymakers and private investors who are planning to invest in PPP projects in China.
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Rensheng Wang, Cong Sun, Shichao Xiu, Qi Wang, Xiaohua Zhang and Qi Zhao
This paper aims to study the influence of the different parameters of magnetorheological polishing fluids (MRP fluids) on the surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the influence of the different parameters of magnetorheological polishing fluids (MRP fluids) on the surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of the workpiece surface in the reciprocating magnetorheological polishing (RMRP) process.
Design/methodology/approach
A series of single-factor experiments are performed to evaluate the influence of the concentration of magnetic particles, concentration of abrasive particles and size of abrasive particles on surface processing effects by using the RMRP method. Moreover, the yield stress and viscosity of MRP fluids are studied based on the Bingham plastic model by varying the MRP fluids parameters.
Findings
A reasonable parameter of MRP fluids is crucial to the surface roughness and MRR of the workpiece surface, and the optimized parameters are obtained by the single-factor experiments of RMRP. The results are when the concentration of carbonyl iron particles is 40 Vol.%, the concentration of CeO2 is 5 Vol.% and the size of CeO2 is 2.5 µm in the MRP fluids, the surface roughness of the workpiece remarkably decreases to 28 nm from the initial 332 nm and the MRR of the workpiece increases to 0.118 mg/min.
Originality/value
In this study, the single-factor experiments for the different parameters of MRP fluids are studied to polish K9 glass by using the RMRP device, and the yield stress and viscosity of MRP fluids are investigated by rheological experiments, which provides reference for a reasonable selection of the MRP fluids parameter in RMRP process.
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Lifang Wu, Lidong Zhao, Meng Jian, Yuxin Mao, Miao Yu and Xiaohua Guo
In some three-dimensional (3D) printing application scenarios, e.g., model manufacture, it is necessary to print large-sized objects. However, it is impossible to implement…
Abstract
Purpose
In some three-dimensional (3D) printing application scenarios, e.g., model manufacture, it is necessary to print large-sized objects. However, it is impossible to implement large-size 3D printing using a single projector in digital light processing (DLP)-based mask projection 3D printing because of the limitations of the digital micromirror device chips.
Design/methodology/approach
A multi-projector DLP with energy homogenization (EHMP-DLP) scheme is proposed for large-size 3D printing. First, a large-area printing plane is established by tiling multiple projectors. Second, the projector set’s tiling pattern is obtained automatically, and the maximum printable plane is determined. Third, the energy is homogenized across the entire printable plane by adjusting gray levels of the images input into the projectors. Finally, slices are automatically segmented based on the tiling pattern of the projector set, and the gray levels of these slices are reassigned based on the images of the corresponding projectors.
Findings
Large-area high-intensity projection for mask projection 3D printing can be performed by tiling multiple DLP projectors. The tiled projector output energies can be homogenized by adjusting the images of the projectors. Uniform ultraviolet energy is important for high-quality printing.
Practical implications
A prototype device is constructed using two projectors. The printable area becomes 140 × 210 mm from the original 140 × 110 mm.
Originality/value
The proposed EHMP-DLP scheme enables 3D printing of large-size objects with linearly increasing printing times and high printing precision. A device was established using two projectors to practice the scheme and can easily be extended to larger sizes by using more projectors.
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Xiaohua Fu, Thanawan Sittithai and Thitinan Chankoson
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tourists' perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention on the development of Lipu Yi costume culture…
Abstract
Purpose
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tourists' perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention on the development of Lipu Yi costume culture to promote the development of intangible cultural tourism and better construct a model of the influencing factors of Lipu Yi costumes in the development of intangible cultural heritage tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
The study site is the intangible cultural district of Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China. This study examines the interrelationships between tourists' perceived value of experience, behavioral intention and satisfaction as the tourists relate to Lipu Yi costume and intangible cultural heritage tourism. A sample of 225 tourists who had visited Panzhihua at least once was selected for the study.
Findings
All seven of the survey's hypotheses were supported. Therefore, this study concludes that tourists' perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention directly affect the development of intangible cultural tourism and significantly positively impact the growth of Lipu Yi costumes culture. Descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) investigation methods were used.
Originality/value
This paper analyzes tourists' perceived value of Lipu costume culture and tourists' satisfaction and behavioral intention during the tourism process. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between Lipu Yi costume and non-heritage tourism factors. Practical methods and approaches are sought to further develop Lipu Yi costume non-heritage tourism.