Huizhong Zhang, Yu Zuo, Pengfei Ju, Jian Zhang, Xuhui Zhao, Yuming Tang and Xiaofeng Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to study the variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF solution, is helpful to understand the mechanisms of corrosion resistancethe of plated Pd on 316 L ss.
Design/methodology/approach
The variations of composition and properties of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel surface in 80°C, 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L-1 NaF solution after connected to Pd electrode were studied with methods of potential monitor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) measurement.
Findings
By connecting to a Pd electrode, the potential of the SS sample increased from the active region to the passive region. By connecting to the Pd electrode, the contents of Cr, Cr(OH)3 and Fe3O4 in passive film increased obviously. With increased Pd/SS area ratio, the Cr(OH)3 content in passive film increased but the Fe3O4 content changed little. The results show that after connecting to Pd the corrosion resistance of the passive film on 316 L stainless steel increases obviously, which may be attributed to the more compact passive film because of higher Cr, Cr(OH)3 and Fe3O4 contents and less point defects in the film.
Originality/value
The effects and mechanism of Pd on passivation of SS was studied.
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Thandiwe Bongani Radebe, Zhongjie Huan and Jeffrey Baloyi
South Africa is the highest consumer of commercial energy per capita in Africa, ranking 16th in the world for primary energy consumption. It is also ranked among the bottom 50 of…
Abstract
Purpose
South Africa is the highest consumer of commercial energy per capita in Africa, ranking 16th in the world for primary energy consumption. It is also ranked among the bottom 50 of the 150 countries regarding energy efficiency. The cold chain is a large contributor through refrigerated transport vehicles. To comply with the changing climate regulations, cryogenic and eutectic systems are systems with great potential for small distance refrigerated transport. The purpose of this paper is to introduce eutectic system to medium distance refrigerated transport.
Design/methodology/approach
This study presents the potential use of Eutectic plates inside a medium refrigerated transport vehicle, by numerically investigating the characteristics of phase change material eutectic plates applied at low-temperature ranges. A physical model and a mathematical model for three-dimensional transient natural flow were developed as proposed by Xiaofeng and Zhang. Using the governing equation of mass, momentum and energy conservation, three Eutectic plate configurations were modeled and simulated in ANSYS Fluent for 5 h.
Findings
A uniform heat transfer and airflow condition inside a refrigerated compartment were predicted using the Reynolds stress model. The configuration with eutectic plates placed at the top and side showed great potential for the system functioning in the South African climate.
Research limitations/implications
Medium refrigerated transport vehicle.
Originality/value
This configuration had a high-temperature distribution across the compartment and promoted high air circulations, showing that it could be ideal for medium refrigerated transport vehicles delivering perishable foodstuffs or non-food goods.
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Xianglong Kong, Wenqi Wu, Lilian Zhang, Xiaofeng He and Yujie Wang
This paper aims to present a method for improving the performance of the visual-inertial navigation system (VINS) by using a bio-inspired polarized light compass.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a method for improving the performance of the visual-inertial navigation system (VINS) by using a bio-inspired polarized light compass.
Design/methodology/approach
The measurement model of each sensor module is derived, and a robust stochastic cloning extended Kalman filter (RSC-EKF) is implemented for data fusion. This fusion framework can not only handle multiple relative and absolute measurements, but can also deal with outliers, sensor outages of each measurement module.
Findings
The paper tests the approach on data sets acquired by a land vehicle moving in different environments and compares its performance against other methods. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for reducing the error growth of the VINS in the long run.
Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper lies in the design/implementation of the RSC-EKF for incorporating the homemade polarized light compass into visual-inertial navigation pipeline. The real-world tests in different environments demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
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Yanhui Lai, Xiaofeng Zhang and Lizhong Song
The purpose of this paper is to overcome the shortcoming that discrete variable structure control (VSC) system trajectory oscillates in a neighborhood of the origin.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to overcome the shortcoming that discrete variable structure control (VSC) system trajectory oscillates in a neighborhood of the origin.
Design/methodology/approach
Among all the proposed reaching laws, W. Gao's theory is most perfect. It makes great progress in revealing the motion mechanism of discrete‐time VSC systems. However, it has an obvious defect, i.e. the system trajectory oscillates in a neighborhood of the origin rather than converges to the origin. So, a new reaching law named variable rate reaching law to which the stability at the origin can be expected is proposed. The special feature of this new reaching law is that it is directly proportional to the norm of the state vector and can result in a sector‐shaped switching region. On the basis of analyzing the characteristic of the variable rate and the conventional reaching laws, a new combined control algorithm that discards the shortcomings of the two reaching laws and carries on their merits is formed, so satisfactory control performance can be achieved.
Findings
A new combined reaching law control algorithm, which uses the exponential rate reaching law in the reaching mode and in the front phase of the sliding mode, and uses the variable rate reaching law in the back phase of the sliding mode and in the steady‐state mode, is formed.
Practical implications
The paper is a very useful reference for control system designers.
Originality/value
The new control strategy is applied to the controller design for a brushless DC servomotor and good control performance is obtained.
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Xiaofeng Zhang, Shuangying Wei and Zhenhua Gao
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of multi-hydroxymethylated phenol (MHMP) on the properties of moisture-curing polyurethane (PU) resin, especially on the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of multi-hydroxymethylated phenol (MHMP) on the properties of moisture-curing polyurethane (PU) resin, especially on the heat resistance.
Design/methodology/approach
The MHMPs with various active sites from 2.52 to 3.91 were synthesised and used as a modifier. The bond test (according to the JIS K6806-2003 standard) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used, respectively, to characterise the bond durability and heat resistance of MHMP-modified PU resin.
Findings
The MHMP with various F/P mole ratios had great effects on the properties of resultant PU resins. The increase of active sites of MHMP can improve the water resistance of resin due to the more cross-linking densities, while the decrease of active sites of MHMP can improve heat resistance of resin because more stable benzene ring introduced into the PU backbone.
Research limitations/implications
In cases where heat resistance of the PU resin is of primary concern, the use of MHMP with fewer active sites or a lower F/P ratio is recommended. In other cases where bond durability is focussed, the modifier MHMP shall be synthesised with higher F/P ratio.
Practical implications
MHMP as a modifier can be used to improve the heat resistance of PU resin.
Originality/value
The MHMPs with various hydroxymethyl groups were synthesised and used as modifier of moisture-curing PU resins to improve their heat resistance.
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Meiling Zhuang and Xiaofeng Zhang
In the trend of individuation and customization, more rapid and flexible clothing pattern production systems are required. Many studies about the system have been done into…
Abstract
Purpose
In the trend of individuation and customization, more rapid and flexible clothing pattern production systems are required. Many studies about the system have been done into producing paper pattern automatically for sewing. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel three‐dimensional intelligent pattern‐making algorithm.
Design/methodology/approach
Body features are referenced for crack designing, the concept of functional dividing is proposed on the triangled upper body surface based on Gauss Curvature. A new surface flattening algorithm based on body features (SFABF) is put forward. Robert Hooke Law and Young's modulus are referenced for energy model (EMRY) setting up to define and calculate the edge length variation of triangle. Basing on EMRY, another optimizing surface flattening algorithm (OSFA) is designed to optimize SFABF so as to minimize the accumulated energy.
Findings
Shape variation accumulation of flattened pattern can be reduced a lot when the cracks are distributed along functional dividing lines. The points with the largest Gauss Curvature as Bust Point have played a great role in shape variation reduction. Because of textiles' flexibility shape variation need not be reduced to zero. Comparing with the related methods this research is more practical.
Originality/value
To this study, SFABF and OSFA are novel methods to improve practicality. The proposed concept of functional dividing is value to the shape variation reduction from surface flattening.
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M. Balasubramanian and S. Madhu
The purpose of this study is to bring out the machining characteristics of abrasive jet machining on carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites utilized in aerospace and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to bring out the machining characteristics of abrasive jet machining on carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites utilized in aerospace and biomedical applications. Biocompatibility materials such as carbon fibres and polyether thermoplastics, like polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are widely used in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. Due to the heterogeneity, layered construction of reinforcing phase bonds with a resin matrix and abrasiveness of the reinforcing fibre, traditional drilling of carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFRPs) are always challenging task.
Design/methodology/approach
An investigation is carried out using abrasive jet machine for drilling PEEK filled with 30 Wt.% carbon fibre (CF 30) using threaded and unthreaded nozzle to study the effect of abrasive jet process variables on surface roughness (Ra) and delamination factor (DF). Pressure (P) and stand-off distance (SOD) as important technological abrasive jet factors were evaluated. It is found that higher abrasive jet pressure and minimum SOD maybe selected to achieve minimum delamination.
Findings
The study further reported that the threaded nozzle minimized the surface roughness by 43% and delamination factor up to 12%.
Originality/value
This study of experimenting and observing the machining characteristics of CF30 by using a threaded nozzle is being tried for the first time and the results are deliberated.
Details
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Qiao Sun, Shengxiu Zhang, Lijia Cao, Xiaofeng Li and Naixin Qi
The purpose of this paper is to improve the robustness of the traditional Bhattacharyya metric for the effect of histogram quantization in the histogram-based visual tracking…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the robustness of the traditional Bhattacharyya metric for the effect of histogram quantization in the histogram-based visual tracking. However, the traditional Bhattacharyya metric neglects the correlation of crossing-bin and is not robust for the effect of histogram quantization.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors propose a visual tracking method via crossing-bin histogram Bhattacharyya similarity in the particle filter.
Findings
A crossing-bin matrix is introduced into the traditional Bhattacharyya similarity for measuring the reference histogram and the candidate histogram, and the basic tasks of measure such as maximum similarity of self and the triangle inequality are proven. The authors use the proposed measure in the particle filter visual tracking framework and address a model update strategy based on the crossing-bin histogram Bhattacharyya similarity to improve the robustness of visual tracking.
Originality/value
In the experiments using the famous challenging benchmark sequences, precision of the proposed method increases by 12.8 per cent comparing the traditional Bhattacharyya similarity and the cost time decreases by 38 times comparing the incremental Bhattacharyya similarity. The experimental results show that the proposed method can track the object robustly and rapidly under illumination change and occlusion.
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Although the facilitating role of green customer integration in business-to-business (B2B) markets has been highlighted in some green product innovation literature, analysis of…
Abstract
Purpose
Although the facilitating role of green customer integration in business-to-business (B2B) markets has been highlighted in some green product innovation literature, analysis of the difficulties it can pose is still an underdeveloped field. This paper extends the conflict-based view and examines the effect of green customer integration on customer–firm conflicts and thereby investigates the influence of conflict on green product innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducts a questionnaire survey. Ordinary Least Square regression and structural equation model with Maximum Likelihood Estimation are applied to test the hypotheses.
Findings
The results show that green customer information integration is positively related to cognitive conflict, whereas green customer process integration has an inverted U-shaped relationship with cognitive conflict and a positive relationship with affective conflict. Moreover, green product innovation is promoted by cognitive conflict and is damaged by affective conflict.
Originality/value
This study highlights the conflict-related factors that play a role in firm–customer collaboration for green product innovation in B2B markets. It also reveals the potential dark side of green customer integration by explicitly delineating its effects on conflicts.
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Xiaofeng Yu, Yiqing Zhang and Xiaoxue Zhang
The main research problem is the relationship between the use motivation (UM) and use behavior (UB) of middle-aged and old short videos users and the difference of the influence…
Abstract
Purpose
The main research problem is the relationship between the use motivation (UM) and use behavior (UB) of middle-aged and old short videos users and the difference of the influence of the use motivation of middle-aged and old users, a special group, on the usage behavior is analyzed.
Design/methodology/approach
By means of a questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, the middle-aged and old-aged users' short video use motivation and behavior and their influence relationship are discussed.
Findings
It is found that information appeal is the main motivation of middle-aged and old-aged users to use short videos and users with different social attributes have differences in motivation and there is a significant relationship between motivation and behavior.
Originality/value
The research objective is middle-aged and elderly short video users. And how to promote the transformation of middle-aged and old-aged users' use mentality and record and create their unique bright spots in the big stage of short videos with a more active and independent attitude, is of unique significance not only to the users themselves but also to the media content of this era and the users' existence in the technological change.