Xiao‐yun Chen, Kazunobu Yamauchi, Ken Kato, Akio Nishimura and Katuski Ito
The objective of the paper is to confirm the feasibility and value of using the balanced scorecard (BSC) to measure performance in two hospitals in different countries.
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of the paper is to confirm the feasibility and value of using the balanced scorecard (BSC) to measure performance in two hospitals in different countries.
Design/methodology/approach
One hospital from China and another from Japan were chosen and key indicators were selected according to the BSC framework. A comparative hospital performance measurement model was set up using the BSC framework to comprehensively compare hospital performance in two countries.
Findings
The BSC was found to be effective for underlining existing problems and identifying opportunities for improvements. The BSC also revealed the hospitals' contribution to performance improvement of each country's total health system.
Research limitations/implications
Hospital performance comparisons between countries using the BSC depend on the selection of feasible and appropriate key performance indicators, which is occasionally limited by data collection problems.
Originality/value
The first use of the BSC to compare hospital performance between China and Japan shows benefits that not only suggests performance improvements in individual hospitals but also reveals effective health factors allowing implementation of valid national health policies.
Details
Keywords
Xiao Yun Lu, Hecheng Li and Qiong Hao
Consistency and consensus are two important research issues in group decision-making (GDM). Considering some drawbacks associated with these two issues in existing GDM methods…
Abstract
Purpose
Consistency and consensus are two important research issues in group decision-making (GDM). Considering some drawbacks associated with these two issues in existing GDM methods with intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations (IMPRs), a new GDM method with complete IMPRs (CIMPRs) and incomplete IMPRs (ICIMPRs) is proposed in this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
A mathematically programming model is constructed to judge the consistency of CIMPRs. For the unacceptably consistent CIMPRs, a consistency-driven optimization model is constructed to improve the consistency level. Meanwhile, a consistency-driven optimization model is constructed to supplement the missing values and improve the consistency level of the ICIMPRs. As to GDM with CIMPRs, first, a mathematically programming model is built to obtain the experts' weights, after that a consensus-driven optimization model is constructed to improve the consensus level of CIMPRs, and finally, the group priority weights of alternatives are obtained by an intuitionistic fuzzy programming model.
Findings
The case analysis of the international exchange doctoral student selection problem shows the effectiveness and applicability of this GDM method with CIMPRs and ICIMPRs.
Originality/value
First, a novel consistency definition of CIMPRs is presented. Then, a consistency-driven optimization model is constructed, which supplements the missing values and improves the consistency level of ICIMPRs simultaneously. Therefore, this model greatly improves the efficiency of consistency improving. Experts' weights determination method considering the subjective and objective information is proposed. The priority weights of alternatives are determined by an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) programming model considering the risk preference of experts, so the method determining priority weights is more flexible and agile. Based on the above theoretical basis, a new GDM method with CIMPRs and ICIMPRs is proposed in this paper.
Details
Keywords
Chun‐lin Zhang, Yong Zhang, Fang‐cong Wang, Ying Wei, Xiao‐yun Jia and Su Liu
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of on device performance by selectively annealing ITO substrates and TPD:PVK layers of the OLED at different temperatures with a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of on device performance by selectively annealing ITO substrates and TPD:PVK layers of the OLED at different temperatures with a certain annealing time.
Design/methodology/approach
Thermal annealing was carried out on the ITO anode at different temperatures (150, 350, 500°C) with a constant time (100 min); but also before the deposition of the tris(8‐hydroxyquinolato) aluminum (Alq3) layer, at the same time, thermal treatment was carried out on the hole transporting layers (TPD:PVK layers) at different temperatures (70, 90, 110°C), and the annealing time was 30 min. We fabricated a novel device with the structure of Al/LiF/Alq3/TPD:PVK/NiO/ITO/Glass, and tested the sheet resistance, SEM and XRD of ITO anode after annealing, at the same we also tested the I‐V, L‐V and current efficiency characteristics of OLED.
Findings
When the TPD:PVK layers were annealed at 90°C with 30 min annealing time and ITO substrates were annealed at 350°C with a constant annealing time (100 min), we find that the OLED shows obvious performance improvement, which is attributable to the fact that annealing reduces defects and improves the interface structures of organics and organic/ITO interface. On the other hand, an annealing TPD:PVK layers would slow and even impede the transport of holes, and finally leads to more balanced electron and hole injection processes.
Originality/value
The paper shows that the annealing method can be used to prepare high‐performance organic light‐emitting device.