Casas and Choi (1985) suggest that a quota imposed exactly at the free trade level of imports could affect domestic prices and quantities in the presence of monopoly. They state…
Abstract
Casas and Choi (1985) suggest that a quota imposed exactly at the free trade level of imports could affect domestic prices and quantities in the presence of monopoly. They state (pp. 56–57): “An interesting corollary of this analysis is that an import quota set equal to the free trade volume of imports will be ineffective (i.e. non‐binding) but not redundant when the import competing industry is monopolised. In particular, such a quota would result in a higher domestic price and lower domestic output and consumption than under free trade.” This note extends the discussion in Casas and Choi by showing that an import quota may not be redundant even if it is set at a level greater than the free trade volume of imports. This possibility is shown to arise in both the small country and large country cases.
The Lockheed scandal was exposed during the 4 February 1976 hearings of the Sub-Committee on Multinational Corporations of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations…
Abstract
The Lockheed scandal was exposed during the 4 February 1976 hearings of the Sub-Committee on Multinational Corporations of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. These hearings revealed that Lockheed Aircraft Corporation paid illegal payments in several countries including Japan to promote the sale of its planes to prevent bankruptcy. The Securities Exchange Commission obtained documents showing that Lockheed paid more than US$10 million to Yoshio Kodama, a “fixer” and Lockheed's secret representative, and the Marubeni Corporation, which was Lockheed's agent in Japan since 1959. During the same hearings on 6 February, A. Carl Kotchian, vice president of Lockheed, informed the committee that a senior Japanese government official received US$2 million from Marubeni and that his company relied on Kenji Osano, a close associate of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, as an intermediary in its efforts to sell 21 Lockheed's L-1001 Tristar airbuses to All Nippon Airways (ANA) (Macdougall, 1988, pp. 193–195).
Eva Kaltenthaler, C.Jane Morrell, Andrew Booth and Ron L. Akehurst
Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and costs to the NHS. This paper describes a review of publications reporting randomised controlled…
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and costs to the NHS. This paper describes a review of publications reporting randomised controlled trials examining the clinical effectiveness of interventions for diabetic foot ulcers for 1986–1996. Only 23 studies were identified that described randomised controlled trials and, of these, only 4 fulfilled three criteria shown to influence reliability of results: adequate description of randomisation, double blinding and description of withdrawals and drop‐outs. No cost‐effectiveness studies conducted alongside trials were identified from the searches. This shortage of rigorous trials highlights the need for more well designed research in the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers to determine clinical effectiveness as well as relative cost‐effectiveness.