Search results

The study uses cyberattacks announcements on 96 firms that are listed on S&P 500 over the period from January 03, 2013, to December 29, 2017.

The empirical analysis was performed in two ways: cross-section and industry level. The authors use statistical tests that account for the effects of cross-section correlation in returns, returns series correlation, volatility changes and skewness in the returns.

These imply that studying the cumulative effects of cyberattacks on prices of listed firms without grouping them into the various sectors may be non-informative; financial sector firms tend to react cumulatively to cyberattacks over a three-day period than other sectors; and technology firms tend to be less reactive to the announcement of a data breach. Such firms may possibly have the necessary tools and techniques to address large-scale cyberattacks.

For cross-section analysis, the outcome shows that the market does not significantly react to cyberattacks for all the event windows, except [−30, 30], while for the sector-level analysis, the analysis offers two main results.

First, while there is a firm reaction to cyberattacks for long event window for retail sector, there is no evidence of a cumulative firm reaction to cyberattacks for both short and long event windows for the industrial, information technology and health sectors. Second, the firms in the financial sector, there is a strong evidence of cumulative reaction to cyberattacks for [−1, 1] for the financial industry, and the reactions disappear for relatively longer event windows.

These imply that studying the cumulative effects of cyberattacks on prices of listed firms without grouping them into the various sectors may be non-informative, the financial sector firms tend to react cumulatively to cyberattacks over a three-day period than other sectors, technology firms tend to be less reactive to the announcement of a data breach, possibly such firms may have the necessary tools and techniques to address large-scale cyberattacks.

The work provides new insights into the effect of cyber security on stock prices.

Communications regarding this column should be addressed to Mrs. Cheney, Peabody Library School, Nashville, Term. 37203. Mrs. Cheney does not sell the books listed here. They are available through normal trade sources. Mrs. Cheney, being a member of the editorial board of Pierian Press, will not review Pierian Press reference books in this column. Descriptions of Pierian Press reference books will be included elsewhere in this publication.

Contrary to popular belief, the United States never has been dominantly a manufacturing country. More people have always been employed in the service sector. They now account for about 78 percent of all employment in the U.S., although that does not include the additional 12 percent of employees in manufacturing companies who perform service activities.

The reader who ventures vicariously or otherwise into the murky world of spies and spying will quickly discover a semantic confusion in which the terms “espionage” and “intelligence” are used with a bewildering profusion of meanings. Basically, however, “intelligence” refers to information; thus, intelligence agencies and agents are involved in the collection, evaluation and dissemination of information for a variety of purposes. “Espionage,” on the other hand, properly refers to the collecting of usually secret information by means of clandestine techniques and methods. Espionage is only a part of the larger function of intelligence activity but the terms have become thoroughly confused in much of the literature as well as in the public mind.

Marketing involves designing products based on user needs and wants. At the thirteenth annual LOEX Conference in 1984, the application of marketing principles to library instruction programs was investigated. This article examines the role of marketing, promotional activities, and public relations in library instructional services, and discusses some reactions to using these techniques to improve instruction programs.

The effect of government on our lives is evident when we read newspapers or magazines, watch television or listen to the radio. At the international, national, and local level, decisions are made which ultimately affect many people. To understand the way governments work, political scientists study the principles, processes, and structures of government as well as the political institutions that have developed. This entails a broad range of interests because of the multiplicity and complexity of relations among governments at all levels.