Mohammad Sadegh Mirzajani Darestani, Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli and Parviz Amiri
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new design strategy to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency of the power amplifier.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new design strategy to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency of the power amplifier.
Design/methodology/approach
To realize the introduced design strategy, a power amplifier was designed using TSMC CMOS 0.18um technology for operating in the Ka-band, i.e. the frequency range of 26.5-40 GHz. To design the power amplifier, first, a power divider (PD) with a very wide bandwidth, i.e. 1-40 GHz, was designed to cover the whole Ka-band. The designed Doherty power amplifier consisted of two different amplification paths called main and auxiliary. To amplify the signal in each of the two pathways, a cascade distributed power amplifier was used. The main reason for combining the distributed structure and cascade structure was to increase the gain and linearity of the power amplifier.
Findings
Measurements results for designed power dividers are in good agreement with simulations results. The simulation results for the introduced structure of the power amplifier indicated that the gain of the proposed power amplifier at the frequency of 26-35 GHz was more than 30 dB. The diagram of return loss at the input and output of the power amplifier in the whole Ka-band was less than −8dB. The maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of the designed power amplifier was 80%. The output P1dB of the introduced structure was 36 dB and the output power of the power amplifier was 36 dBm. Finally, the IP3 value of the power amplifier was about 17 dB.
Originality/value
The strategy presented in this paper is based on the usage of Doherty and distributed structures and a new wideband power divider to benefit from their advantages simultaneously.
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An International Exhibition of Hygiene, Arts, Handicrafts, and Manufactures will be held in the Crystal Palace, Madrid, from September to November next, under the patronage of the…
Abstract
An International Exhibition of Hygiene, Arts, Handicrafts, and Manufactures will be held in the Crystal Palace, Madrid, from September to November next, under the patronage of the Spanish Government. The participation of British exhibitors is particularly desired by the promoters, who state that the attendant expenses will be small. His Excellency the Spanish Minister of Commerce will be the Honorary President; the President of the Committee will be his Excellency the Duke of Tamames and Galisteo, Grandee of Spain, Senator, and ex‐Governor of Madrid. The American war on the one hand, and political changes on the other, have had the effect of seriously damaging the credit of Spain, and many exporters, in view of then existing difficulties, refused to trade until affairs became mere settled. To‐day, however, the Spanish Government are making every effort to restore the economical prosperity of their country. Markets have gained strength, commerce has quadrupled, imports have trebled, and exchange is greatly improved. Well‐advised manufacturers sell in quantity and at good prices, the demand being greater than the supply. Again, the immense natural richness of the Iberian Peninsula, which has not yet received the attention of enterprising and powerful capitalists in any proportion to its value, makes Spain one of those countries where industrial progress is the more certain. The decision to hold this exhibition is evidently a wise one, and considerable advantages may accrue to British manufacturers and merchants taking part therein. There appear to be ample guarantees to show that the undertaking may be supported with every confidence. We understand that all detailed particulars with reference to this important exhibition can be obtained from the Spanish representative in London, Mr. A. DONDERIS, Spanish Arts Exhibition, Compton House, 99A, Charing Cross Road, London, W.C.
The purpose of this paper is to help educate and advise the learning and development (L&D) or training community about the common and statute laws they must follow when selling…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to help educate and advise the learning and development (L&D) or training community about the common and statute laws they must follow when selling, storing and publishing and delivering their training material.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper has been assembled by desk top research reviewing current statute legislation and Regulations that are enforceable within the UK. In addition key authors of popular HR models have been contacted for their views and opinions as to how they want to retain and protect their intellectual property rights. In addition legal experts who specialize in the litigation of cases involving copyright theft, intellectual property storage and the “passing of material”.
Findings
The findings conclude L&D Training Managers do not fully understand their liability and responsibility for complying with Copyright Legislation. Blatant “passing off” plagiarised training material as their own is commonplace. Course hand books sold commerically that include reproduced models without the original author's permission, no bibliography or list of references appear to be quite commonplace. In addition these training companies believe they can electronically store these models on their intranet and then call it their own intellectual property.
Originality/value
This paper has brought several key authors together to review the problem and to take more assertive action. It has helped HR directors and chief executives realize that their training departments could be exposing their share holders to undesirable litigation. For commercial training companies it has raised the fact that ignorance of copyright law is no defense and it is only a matter of time before these transgressors are caught and prosecuted.
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Marco Hubert, Mirja Hubert, Marc Linzmajer, René Riedl and Peter Kenning
The purpose of this study is to examine how consumer personality trait impulsiveness influences trustworthiness evaluations of online-offers with different trust-assuring and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how consumer personality trait impulsiveness influences trustworthiness evaluations of online-offers with different trust-assuring and trust-reducing elements by measuring the brain activity of consumers. Shoppers with high degrees of impulsiveness are referred to as hedonic shoppers, and those with low degrees are referred to as prudent consumers.
Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the differences between neural processes in the brains of hedonic and prudent shoppers during the trustworthiness evaluation of online-offers, the present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and region-of-interest analysis to correlate neural activity patterns with behavioral measures of the study participants.
Findings
Drawing upon literature reviews on the neural correlates of both trust in online settings and consumer impulsiveness and using an experimental design that links behavioral and fMRI data, the study shows that consumer impulsiveness can exert a significant influence on the evaluation of online-offers. With regard to brain activation, both groups (hedonic and prudent shoppers) exhibit similar neural activation tendencies, but differences exist in the magnitude of activation patterns in brain regions that are closely related to trust and impulsiveness such as the dorsal striatum, anterior cingulate, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the insula cortex.
Research limitations/implications
The data provide evidence that consumers within the hedonic group evaluate online-offers differently with regard to their trustworthiness compared to the prudent group, and that these differences in evaluation are rooted in neural activation differences in the shoppers’ brains.
Practical implications
Marketers need to be made aware of the fact that neurological insights can be used for market segmentation, because consumers’ decision-making processes help explain behavioral outcomes (here, trustworthiness evaluations of online-offers). In addition, consumers can learn from an advanced understanding of their brain functions during decision-making and their relation to personal traits such as impulsiveness.
Originality/value
Considering the importance of trust in online shopping, as well as the fact that personality traits such as impulsiveness influence the purchase process to a high degree, this study is the first to systematically investigate the interplay of online trustworthiness perceptions and differences in consumer impulsiveness with neuroscientific methods.
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Subhadarsini Parida and Kerry Brown
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which a systematic review approach is transferable from medicine to multi-disciplinary studies in the built environment…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which a systematic review approach is transferable from medicine to multi-disciplinary studies in the built environment research.
Design/methodology/approach
Primarily a review paper, it focuses on specific steps in the systematic review to clarify and elaborate the elements for adapting an evidence base in the built environment studies particular to the impact of green building on employees’ health, well-being and productivity.
Findings
While research represents a potentially powerful means of reducing the gap between research and practice by applying tried and tested methods, the methodological rigour is debatable when a traditional systematic review approach is applied in the built environment studies involving multi-disciplinary research.
Research limitations/implications
The foundational contribution of this paper lies in providing methodological guidance and an alternative framework to advance the longstanding efforts in the built environment to bridge the practitioner and academic divide.
Originality/value
A systematic review approach in the built environment is rare. The method is unique in multi-disciplinary studies especially in green building studies. This paper adopts the systematic review protocols in this cross-disciplinary study involving health, management and built environment expertise.
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Anne Marie Doherty and Nicholas Alexander
As international retailers continue to employ franchising as a major method of market entry, the control of these international retail franchise networks becomes of significant…
Abstract
Purpose
As international retailers continue to employ franchising as a major method of market entry, the control of these international retail franchise networks becomes of significant importance. The aim of this paper is to examine the methods by which UK‐based international fashion franchisors control franchisees and their international franchise businesses.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs a qualitative methodology and a multiple case design. Six UK‐based fashion retailers with international franchise operations form the empirical basis of the study.
Findings
The franchise contract, support mechanisms, franchise partner selection, the franchise relationship and the use of master/area franchising were found to be the major methods by which international retail franchisors exert control over their franchise networks. While coercive and non‐coercive sources of power were identified in the form of the franchise contract and support mechanisms, the paper also identifies sources of relationship power and organisational power.
Practical implications
The paper provides practical information to existing international franchisors and those firms considering the move into the international marketplace via the franchise mode of operation. By highlighting additional sources of power in the form of organisational and relationship power, franchisors are offered further means by which to control their international businesses than hitherto identified in the international franchise literature.
Originality/value
Traditional franchise research suggests that there is a dichotomy in the sources of power available to franchisors, that is, coercive or non‐coercive sources of power. While acknowledging the existence and importance of these sources of power and their related methods of control, this paper adds further dimensions to the academic debate by introducing relationship power and organisational power. Therefore, franchise partner selection, the franchise relationship and the use of master/area franchising emerge from the qualitative findings as further control mechanisms available to international retail franchisors.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine scholars’ proposal that self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) can provide an alternative to company-assigned expatriates (CAEs) for filling key…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine scholars’ proposal that self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) can provide an alternative to company-assigned expatriates (CAEs) for filling key positions in foreign subsidiaries at a lower cost.
Design/methodology/approach
Underpinned by findings from empirical studies, this conceptual paper compares SIEs with CAEs and their traditional alternative, multinational corporation (MNC) local employees, to examine the suitability of SIEs as a replacement for CAEs.
Findings
SIEs are likely not a suitable alternative to CAEs for purposes of control, transfer, running the foreign operation and management development (purposes requiring firm-specific competencies), but are likely suitable for filling technical and lower and middle management positions (requiring more generic, specialist competencies) and purposes of managing within the subsidiary and responding to the local environment (purposes requiring cross-cultural and host location-specific competencies).
Practical implications
Guidance is provided for the recruitment of SIEs as an alternative to CAEs.
Originality/value
The paper adds new insight in assessing whether SIEs provide an alternative to CAEs by proposing a framework that integrates: the identification of SIEs’ competencies relative to those of CAEs and MNC local employees, based on career capital theory; with the assessment of their value, based on human capital allocation theory, against the purposes for which CAEs are deployed.
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Gareth Reginald Terence White, Anthony Samuel, Ken Peattie and Bob Doherty
The paper aims to critically review the increasingly taken-for-granted view of social enterprise (SE) as inherently paradoxical and tackles the research question as follows: are…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to critically review the increasingly taken-for-granted view of social enterprise (SE) as inherently paradoxical and tackles the research question as follows: are the tensions experienced by SE and social entrepreneurs (SEnt) actually paradoxical and if not, what are the implications for theory and practice?
Design/methodology/approach
A paradox theory (PT) approach has been utilized to explore the implications, validity and helpfulness of the paradox perspective in understanding and managing the tensions that are inherent in SE.
Findings
Conceptualizing the primary tension of doing social good through commercial activity as a paradox is argued to be a limiting misnomer that conspires to reify and perpetuate the tensions that SE and SEnt have to manage. Drawing upon PT, the findings of the paper reconceptualize these tensions as myths, dilemmas and dialectics, which are subsequently used to develop a more complete ontological framework of the challenges that arise in SE and for SEnt.
Practical implications
Reconceptualizing the “inherent paradoxes” of SE as either dilemmas or dialectics affords a means of pursuing their successful resolution. Consequently, this view alleviates much of the pressure that SE managers and SEnt may feel in needing to pursue commercial goals alongside social goals.
Originality/value
The work presents new theoretical insights to challenge the dominant view of SE as inherently paradoxical.
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This conceptual paper aims to offer a theoretical contribution that explicates the “blind spot” cultural diversity and reward diversity team conflict contingencies, and personal…
Abstract
Purpose
This conceptual paper aims to offer a theoretical contribution that explicates the “blind spot” cultural diversity and reward diversity team conflict contingencies, and personal audit as a mechanism for managing the consequences.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper suggests a framework for analysing and managing diversity (cultural and reward) driven team conflicts. Given the theoretical foundation, personal audit among team members is recommended as a tool for managing the consequences of such conflict factors.
Findings
This paper underlines the team building intervention utility for team effectiveness. It reinforces theoretical foundation that highlights conflict as a determinant of team effectiveness, and reviews two diversity dimensions of team conflicts. Finally, it suggests and explains an “active learning” personal audit model for achieving the conceptualised team effectiveness perspective.
Practical implications
The paper highlights critical but usually overlooked team conflict intricacies in football team management. This framework offers practical relevance in enabling understanding of “attitudes and behaviours” of team members and human resource management in football marketing. Managers would benefit from this perspective and improve team effectiveness, performance and organisation's performance.
Originality/value
The paper offers valuable conceptual insight for development, one that serves the interest of management of football clubs and academia.