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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1984

Werner Funke

In the original paper, after reviewing the mechanism of corrosion protection by active anti‐corrosive pigments and corrosive influences, the barrier principle is discussed as an…

75

Abstract

In the original paper, after reviewing the mechanism of corrosion protection by active anti‐corrosive pigments and corrosive influences, the barrier principle is discussed as an alternative to develop environmentally safer corrosion protective coatings. It is demonstrated how, by using barrier pigments, good protective properties may be achieved which may also operate when coatings are damaged.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1988

Union Carbide has achieved a significant breakthrough in the field of fire safety. Now available for demanding electrical applications are tough, flame‐retardant non‐halogen…

16

Abstract

Union Carbide has achieved a significant breakthrough in the field of fire safety. Now available for demanding electrical applications are tough, flame‐retardant non‐halogen thermoplastic polyolefin composites made possible by Union Carbide's patented technology for UCARSIL FR® Organosilicon Chemicals.

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 17 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 4 July 2008

65

Abstract

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 37 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 August 1999

75

Abstract

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 28 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 17 September 2019

Maximilian Hugo Kunkel, Andreas Gebhardt, Khumbulani Mpofu and Stephan Kallweit

This paper aims to establish a standardized, quick, reliable and cost-efficient method of quality control (QC) in metal powder bed fusion (PBFM) based on process monitoring data.

552

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to establish a standardized, quick, reliable and cost-efficient method of quality control (QC) in metal powder bed fusion (PBFM) based on process monitoring data.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on destructive testing results that emerged from a statistical investigation on powder bed fusion process exceeding reproducibility of mechanical properties, it was investigated if the generated monitoring data from a concept laser machine allows reliable deductions on resulting mechanical properties of the manufactured specimens.

Findings

The application of machine learning on generated melt pool images, under-recognition of destructive testing results, enables enhanced pattern recognition. The generated computational model successfully classified 9,280 unseen layer images by 98.9 per cent accuracy. This finding offers an automated approach to quality control within PBFM.

Originality/value

To the authors knowledge, it is the first time that machine learning has been applied for the purpose of QC in additive manufacturing. The ability of deep convolutional neural networks to recognize patterns, which are imperceptible to the human eye, shows high potential to facilitate activities of QC and to minimize QC-related costs and throughput times. The achieved processing speed for image analyses also points a way for future developments of self-corrective PBFM systems.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Publication date: 3 September 2014

Orhan Akisik

This paper explores the relationship between foreign direct investments and financial reporting changes via financial development in 12 Latin American countries during the period…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper explores the relationship between foreign direct investments and financial reporting changes via financial development in 12 Latin American countries during the period from 1997 to 2010.

Methodology/Approach

In order to control the possible endogeneity problem, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique has been conducted using country-level panel data obtained from the World Development Indicators website.

Findings

The empirical analyses provide evidence that international accounting standards have a significant effect on foreign direct investments. However, financial development associated with such standards reduces this positive effect. This is an important finding, suggesting that investors are likely to prefer portfolio to direct investments in Latin American financial markets that require or permit the use of international accounting standards.

Research Implications

The conclusions that have been drawn from this study are important for investors, creditors, and regulators. Although international accounting standards appear to affect foreign investments, there could be a lack of adaptation of these standards to specific economic environments due to cultural, educational, and economic factors. Therefore, firms, regulators, professional organizations, and accounting firms should make necessary arrangements so that the benefits of using these standards increase their costs.

Originality/Value

The study contributes to the international accounting literature by examining the effects of international accounting standards and financial development on foreign direct investments in Latin America.

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Book part
Publication date: 7 December 2023

Alexander Mitterle

Within the last two decades, entrepreneurship education has become institutionalized in Germany. It is offered as a stand-alone program or as part of a business degree, combining…

Abstract

Within the last two decades, entrepreneurship education has become institutionalized in Germany. It is offered as a stand-alone program or as part of a business degree, combining academic knowledge, practical skills, and personal development to enhance the entrepreneurial success of university graduates. While entrepreneurship education has experienced similar growth worldwide, its emergence in Germany is closely tied to the country’s political and economic developments. The significance of entrepreneurship education for a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem and contemporary economic policy has been instrumental in advancing its academic recognition. This chapter provides a historical analysis of the academization of entrepreneurship in Germany. It explores the recursive and often idiosyncratic processes involving state and financial institutions, companies, and universities that have created, respecified, and mutually reinforced a subdiscipline and field of study. Academic entrepreneurship knowledge successively not only became relevant for starting a business but also for employment within the entrepreneurial infrastructure and beyond. This chapter follows a chronological order, highlighting three key stages in the academization of entrepreneurship education. First, the academic, financial, and political roots (I) of entrepreneurship up until the 1970s. Second, it explores the transformation (II) of entrepreneurship into a viable policy alternative and the challenges faced in establishing complementary research and education in higher education institutions during the 1980s. Finally, it sketches the institutionalization (III) of entrepreneurship as a central driver of government economic policy, allowing for the late bloom of entrepreneurship education and research at universities around the turn of the millennium.

Details

How Universities Transform Occupations and Work in the 21st Century: The Academization of German and American Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-849-2

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 4 October 2019

Bilal İlhan

Most of the major Islamic countries’ stock exchanges have not been able to perform at the same pace with the major emerging countries’ stock exchanges since the mid of 1990s. The…

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Abstract

Purpose

Most of the major Islamic countries’ stock exchanges have not been able to perform at the same pace with the major emerging countries’ stock exchanges since the mid of 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of stock market liberalization on cost of capital as one of the crucial driver to stock market development and physical investment growth in emerging Islamic countries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs static panel data techniques on the sample of seven emerging Islamic countries over the years 1989-2008.

Findings

The findings of this study suggest that stock market liberalization significantly reduces cost of capital in the stock markets of sample Islamic countries, which carries policy-oriented implications. Reduction in the cost of capital increases the number of exchange-traded companies, profitability of projects and aggregate investment level; therefore, the study findings are highly concerned by the economic policymakers, corporations and investors alike.

Research limitations/implications

In the literature, different proxies are employed to measure stock market liberalization and cost of capital as well. Due to data limitations, this study could not employ different proxies for both, especially for stock market liberalization, for robustness purpose. That limitation further restricted the coverage of Islamic stock markets and time period. Therefore, generalization of the study results for overall Islamic stock markets can be slightly drawn.

Originality/value

The paper provides further understanding regarding the effects of SML on cost of capital, thereby indirectly on the stock market development, in the context of EIC.

Details

Journal of Capital Markets Studies, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-4774

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Article
Publication date: 5 August 2019

Muhammad Ali Nasir and Karen Jackson

In the context of debate on competitive devaluation and trade imbalances, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of exchange rate misalignment as a determinant of…

495

Abstract

Purpose

In the context of debate on competitive devaluation and trade imbalances, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of exchange rate misalignment as a determinant of trade imbalances in selected major trade surplus (Germany, China, Japan, Russia and KSA) and major trade deficit countries (USA, UK, France, India and Turkey).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a structural vector auto-regressive model on data from ten countries with the highest trade deficit and surplus. The period of analysis is from 2000 Q1 to 2016 Q1.

Findings

The key findings suggest that although exchange rate misalignment from equilibrium may have some implications for the current account balance for surplus and deficit countries, the effects observed were rather very mild and transitory. There was a heterogeneity in the response of the current account position to exchange rate misalignment in each country, concomitantly; the exchange rate misalignment shall not be seen as the sole responsible factor in the debate on global trade imbalances.

Research limitations/implications

The research has profound implications in terms of exploring the notion of competitive devaluation and exchange rate misalignment as a cause of major global trade imbalances.

Practical implications

This study has important practical implications for the trade policy of major economies in the world. These are twofold. First, this study has analysed and reported on the degree of misalignment of exchange from its equilibrium values in the major trade surplus and deficit countries. Second, it has investigated the implications of any misalignment for the trade balance or respective economies.

Social implications

There are important social implications as the notion of competitive devaluation and exchange rate–trade balance nexus has been heavily politicised. This study provides an empirical insight and an answer to these claims which have social and political implications.

Originality/value

There is a significant element of originality and contribution to the existing body of knowledge on the subject. In the context of debate on competitive devaluation this is the first study which has investigated whether the exchange rate has been misaligned from its equilibrium values (competitive devaluation) and whether there is some nexus between the real exchange rate misalignment and trade imbalances in under-analysis economies.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 46 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 28 August 2019

Burhan F. Yavas, Kathleen Grave and Demosthenes Vardiabasis

This paper aims to investigate the linkages among foreign direct investment (FDI – greenfield and mergers and acquisitions [M&A]) decisions and equity market returns and…

447

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the linkages among foreign direct investment (FDI – greenfield and mergers and acquisitions [M&A]) decisions and equity market returns and volatilities. The main premise is that FDI decisions by multinational enterprises (MNE) are influenced by risk and uncertainty indicated by equity market returns and volatilities in the destination (host) countries. This is so because the events on the stock markets in general and their volatilities in particular signal the vitality of the investment climate of the target market. Understanding volatility in capital markets is important for determining the cost of capital and for evaluating direct investment and asset allocation decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

Surveys and structured interviews were conducted with senior managers of 11 MNEs based in the USA to collect the data used in this study from November 2017 to October 2018. The paper investigates if FDI decisions of the MNE managers are influenced by risk and uncertainty indicated by equity market returns and volatilities. The paper endeavors to make a contribution to the IB literature in highlighting the role played by equity returns and volatilities in FDI decisions and therewith attempts to integrate finance (capital markets) with international business/strategic decision-making.

Findings

Capital market performances (returns and volatilities) were found to influence the country choice for location of production facilities (FDI – both greenfield and M&A decisions) as well as timing of the FDI by a MNE. In other words, the share of production capacity optimally located abroad and M&A activities are affected by capital market returns and volatilities.

Details

Review of International Business and Strategy, vol. 29 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-6014

Keywords

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