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This study aims to provide a theoretical basis to evaluate the suitability and integrity of corrosion pipes.

The three-dimensional models of the P110S oil pipe with local corrosion damage, general corrosion damage, pitting corrosion damage are established based on the API 579 standard using the nonlinear finite element analysis method for parametric research.

The reliability of the model is verified based on the experimental data from the existing literature. The effects of the oil pipe’s size and the corrosion damage’s type on the residual internal pressure strength are simulated and obtained. What’s more, a basic method for predicting the remaining life of corrosion damaged pipes is proposed.

The authors evaluated the residual strength of various corroded tubing, compared the tubing with different corrosion types and proposed a basic method for predicting the remaining life of the corroded tubing from the corrosion depth.

This study aims to research the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) model for orthogonal face gear drives considering elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamic characteristics of face gear drives.

Considering EHL, a novel model is proposed to calculate the TVMS of orthogonal face gears using the deformation compatibility condition. First, the tooth surface equations of orthogonal face gears are derived according to the tooth surface generation principle. Then, the oil film thickness on the tooth surface of face gears is obtained by solving the governing equations of EHL. Furthermore, the proposed model is used to calculate the TVMS of face gears along the mesh cycle and is verified. Finally, the effects of module, tooth number of shaper cutter and pressure angle on mesh stiffness are analyzed.

The results indicate that when the contact ratio is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the TVMS of face gears exhibits a phenomenon of double-single tooth alternating meshing where sudden changes occur. As the module increases, the overall mesh stiffness of face gears increases, and the magnitude of the sudden change at the moment of single-double tooth alternating meshing gradually increases. As the tooth number of shaper cutter and pressure angle increase, so does the TVMS of face gears. When the effect of oil film is considered, the calculated TVMS of face gears slightly increases overall and the increase in average oil film thickness leads to a rise in the TVMS. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamic characteristics of face gear drives.

This study’s originality and value lie in its comprehensive approach, which includes conducting analysis based on loaded tooth contact, considering the influence of elastohydrodynamic lubrication, proposing a novel analytical–finite–element model, calculating TVMS of face gears, verifying the proposed model and analyzing the effects of typical structural parameters and oil film thickness.

This study aims to identify the attitudes of Chinese residents towards tourists and tourism development. Based on periods of observation, temporary residency and several visits for more than a decade, and supplemented by data collected from 478 residents, the study examines to what extent the rural villagers identify the tourism induced changes as being an outcome of official Chinese policies. The villages, Xidi, Hongcun and Nanping, are three heritage villages in Anhui Province and represent appropriate case studies for such an examination due to their differing histories of tourism administrative procedures. Findings contribute to scholarly knowledge by putting pro-poor tourism and community participation under scrutiny in Chinese context. A change of residents’ perceptions towards tourism could potentially be consequential for tourists’ experience and the sustainability of tourism development, particularly in emerging rural destinations.

The purpose of this paper is to report on developments and applications of mixed reality cubicles and their impacts on learning in higher education. This paper investigates and presents the cost effective application of augmented reality (AR) as a mixed reality technology via or to mobile devices such as head-mounted devices, smart phones and tablets. Discuss the development of mixed reality applications for mobile (smartphones and tablets) devices leading up to the implementation of a mixed reality cubicle for immersive three dimensional (3D) visualizations.

The approach adopted was to limit the considerations to the application of AR via mobile platforms including head-mounted devices with focus on smartphones and tablets, which contain basic feedback–to-user channels such as speakers and display screens. An AR visualization cubicle was jointly developed and applied by three collaborating institutions. The markers, acting as placeholders acts as identifiable reference points for objects being inserted in the mixed reality world. Hundreds of participants comprising academics and students from seven different countries took part in the studies and gave feedback on impact on their learning experience.

Results from current study show less than 30 percent had used mixed reality environments. This is lower than expected. About 70 percent of participants were first time users of mixed reality technologies. This indicates a relatively low use of mixed reality technologies in education. This is consistent with research findings reported that educational use and research on AR is still not common despite their categorization as emerging technologies with great promise for educational use.

Current research has focused mainly on cubicles which provides immersive experience if used with head-mounted devices (goggles and smartphones), that are limited by their display/screen sizes. There are some issues with limited battery lifetime for energy to function, hence the need to use rechargeable batteries. Also, the standard dimension of cubicles does not allow for group visualizations. The current cubicle has limitations associated with complex gestures and movements involving two hands, as one hand are currently needed for holding the mobile phone.

The use of mixed reality cubicles would allow and enhance information visualization for big data in real time and without restrictions. There is potential to have this extended for use in exploring and studying otherwise inaccessible locations such as sea beds and underground caves. Social implications – Following on from this study further work could be done to developing and application of mixed reality cubicles that would impact businesses, health and entertainment.

The originality of this paper lies in the unique approach used in the study of developments and applications of mixed reality cubicles and their impacts on learning. The diverse composition in nature and location of participants drawn from many countries comprising of both tutors and students adds value to the present study. The value of this research include amongst others, the useful results obtained and scope for developments in the future.

The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the selection of materials for the selective laser sintering (SLS) process, which is used for low-volume production in the engineering (e.g. light weight machines, architectural modelling, high performance application, manufacturing of fuel cell, etc.), medical and many others (e.g. art and hobbies, etc.) with a keen focus on meeting customer requirements.

The work starts with understanding the optimal process parameters, an appropriate consolidation mechanism to control microstructure, and selection of appropriate materials satisfying the property requirement for specific application area that leads to optimization of materials.

Fabricating the parts using optimal process parameters, appropriate consolidation mechanism and selecting the appropriate material considering the property requirement of applications can improve part characteristics, increase acceptability, sustainability, life cycle and reliability of the SLS-fabricated parts.

The newly proposed material selection system based on properties requirement of applications has been proven, especially in cases where non-experts or student need to select SLS process materials according to the property requirement of applications. The selection of materials based on property requirement of application may be used by practitioners from not only the engineering field, medical field and many others like art and hobbies but also academics who wish to select materials of SLS process for different applications.