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This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the Great Resignation in the hospitality and tourism industry in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this paper reviews the causes and effects of the Great Resignation, addresses the labor shortage in this industry and proposes strategies that can help manage the challenges.

This paper is based on a critical analysis of emerging phenomena, related literature and researchers’ experiences and insights.

The Great Resignation has presented unprecedented challenges for the hospitality and tourism industry. A closer examination reveals that the pandemic has served as a catalyst rather than a leading cause of this trend. Workforce issues are becoming increasingly complex under contemporary influences, including internal elements such as new explications at work and external factors like the gig economy and technology implementation.

This study provides practical implications on how Hospitality and Tourism practitioners can respond to the Great Resignation on micro, meso and macro levels. The practical implications revolve around employees’ changing needs and preferences in the wave of Great Resignation, as well as the necessity for employers’ reflection and improvement.

This study marks an initial attempt to provide a critical assessment of a contemporary issue involving the Great Resignation. This paper extends its discussion through an advanced analysis of the issue, offers suggestions to manage current obstacles related to labor issues in hospitality and tourism, and illuminates future research directions.

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of sentimental tourism in Central-Eastern Europe, which is travels to places related to people’s past or their country’s past for sentimental reasons with reference to disruptive historical events (e.g. border changes and lost territories), and identify different segments within sentimental tourists.

A survey was conducted with 400 Polish sentimental tourists to compare their attitudes and behaviour when visiting a “lost” land by age and family roots. Independent samples t-tests and analysis of variance were conducted to compare the views of sentimental tourists by Borderland origin. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying dimensions of destination performance. Cluster analysis was conducted to classify tourists into segments based on their perception of destination performance.

This study analysed the attitude and behaviour of sentimental tourists by age and family roots. Some significant differences were revealed in the purpose of trip, interest in heritage attractions and perception of destination performance across different groups. The study also identifies key factors of destination performance: accessibility, sentiment and infrastructure and security. Based on factor and cluster analyses, Polish sentimental tourists were divided into three types of connections: personally attached older sentimental tourists, cognitively attached younger sentimental tourists and tourists with general interests.

Different from roots tourism, sentimental tourism is unique in including tourists without personal roots but feels sentimental towards the destination based on the shared heritage of lost territories. This study shows how sentimental tourists attach to a lost land that used to belong to their country and how different perceptions of the destination have roots and non-roots tourists. Sentimental tourism in Central Europe provides a new perspective to consider the relationship between tourists and heritage places as well as tourist segmentation.

本研究旨在探讨中东欧的感伤旅游现象, 即由于破坏性历史事件 (例如国界变化、失去领土), 出于感伤原因前往与个人过去或国家过去相关的地方旅游, 并试图分辨感伤旅游游客中的细分市场。

本研究对 400 名波兰感伤旅游游客进行问券调查, 比较年龄和家庭根源不同的游客, 在游历“失落”土地时的态度和行为。本研究使用独立样本 t 检验和 ANOVA, 按年龄和是否Borderland出身的不同来比较感伤旅游游客的观点。接着进行探索性因素分析以确定目的地表现的潜在维度, 并进行聚类分析以根据游客对目的地表现的感知将其分类。

本研究按年龄和家庭根源 (是否Borderland出身) 分析了感伤旅游游客的态度和行为。不同群体在旅行目的、对遗产景点的兴趣以及对目的地表现的看法方面存在一些显着差异。本研究还确定了感伤旅游目的地表现的三个关键因素：可及性、感伤情绪以及基础设施和安全性。基于因子和聚类分析, 波兰感伤旅游者被划分为三种类型：个人依恋的老年感伤游客、认知依恋的年轻感伤游客和具有普遍兴趣的年轻游客。

与寻根旅游不同, 感伤旅游的独特之处在于包括与目的地没有个人或家族根源, 但基于“失落”土地的共同遗产而对目的地感到感伤的游客。这项研究显示了感伤旅游游客如何依附于曾经属于他们国家的失落土地, 以及同根源游客和非同根源游客对目的地的不同看法。中欧的感伤旅游通过游客细分及比较根源和非根源游客提供了一个新的视角来考虑游客与遗产地之间的关系。

Este estudio pretende explorar el fenómeno del turismo sentimental en Europa Central y Oriental, que consiste en viajar a lugares relacionados con el pasado de las personas o de su país por motivos sentimentales en referencia a acontecimientos históricos perturbadores (por ejemplo, cambios fronterizos, territorios perdidos), e identificar diferentes segmentos dentro de los turistas sentimentales.

Se realizó una encuesta a 400 turistas sentimentales polacos para comparar sus actitudes y comportamientos al visitar una tierra “perdida” según la edad y las raíces familiares. Se realizaron pruebas t de muestras independientes y ANOVA para comparar las opiniones de los turistas sentimentales por edad y origen fronterizo. Se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar las dimensiones subyacentes del funcionamiento del destino. Se aplicó un análisis de conglomerados para clasificar a los turistas en segmentos en base a su percepción del funcionamiento del destino.

Este estudio analizó la actitud y el comportamiento de los turistas sentimentales en función de la edad y los arraigos o raíces familiares. Se revelaron algunas diferencias significativas en el motivo del viaje, el interés por las atracciones patrimoniales y la percepción de los resultados del destino entre los distintos grupos. El estudio también identifica tres factores clave del “funcionamiento” de los destinos: la accesibilidad, el sentimiento y las infraestructuras y la seguridad. Basándose en análisis factoriales y de conglomerados, los turistas sentimentales polacos se dividieron en tres tipos de vinculaciones: los turistas sentimentales de más edad vinculados personalmente, los turistas sentimentales más jóvenes vinculados cognitivamente y los turistas con interese generales.

A diferencia del turismo de raíces, el turismo sentimental es único al incluir a turistas sin arraigos personales pero que sienten un sentimiento hacia el destino basado en la herencia compartida de territorios perdidos. Este estudio muestra el apego de los turistas sentimentales a una tierra perdida que solía pertenecer a su país y la diferente percepción del destino que tienen los turistas de raíces y los que no lo son. El turismo sentimental en Europa Central ofrece una nueva perspectiva para considerar la relación entre los turistas y los lugares patrimoniales, así como la segmentación turística a través de la comparación de los turistas de raíces y los que no lo son.

This study aims to identify the individual and trip characteristics that are associated with intention to use peer-to-peer accommodation, including past experience (users vs non-users), accommodation preferences, traveler personality and tripographic variables.

To compare Airbnb users and non-users, quantitative research was conducted to test for group differences. A questionnaire was designed and administered face-to-face in major tourist areas. Quota sampling was used to ensure comparable samples of Airbnb users and non-users.

While Airbnb users and non-users expressed few differences in their demographics and perceived importance of accommodation attributes, the two groups vary in their perception of Airbnb and evaluation of Airbnb compared to hotels, suggesting some positive and negative changes after experiencing Airbnb. Respondents who were more allocentric were more likely to use Airbnb. Hotels were preferred for traveling with family as well as shorter trips, while Airbnb was preferred for traveling with friends as well as longer trips.

This study identified several challenges for Airbnb and other sharing platforms, including consumers’ security concerns, potential decrease in the likelihood of repeat usage and low likelihood of using Airbnb when traveling with family.

While previous studies focused more on existing customers of peer-to-peer accommodation, this study compared users and non-users and identified key differences in their perceptions. The use of traveler personality and tripographic variables to examine intention to use Airbnb provides a unique perspective to consider Airbnb as an “allocentric destination” and the type of trips that are more compatible with the Airbnb experience.

Metaverse technology is of interest to researchers and practitioners in tourism and hospitality. The metaverse offers tourists the capacity to enjoy unprecedented tourism experiences. These opportunities may radically change the tourism and hospitality landscape. This study aims to examine how metaverse experiences affect tourists' cognitive processing, satisfaction and loyalty toward metaverse tourism using the stimulus-organism-response paradigm and cognitive experiential self-theory.

An online survey was undertaken to gather information from 329 respondents who were frequent users of different metaverse applications to meet the study's objectives. Data were evaluated through partial least squares structural equation modelling.

The findings revealed that metaverse experiences, such as immersion, escapism and enjoyment, had a significant positive impact on metaverse organismic experience. Additionally, metaverse cognitive processing positively influenced metaverse tourist responses, including satisfaction and loyalty, with tourist involvement acting as a moderator.

This study provides guidelines for metaverse developers and travel industry professionals to encourage visitor satisfaction and loyalty to metaverse tourism.

Metaverse 技术引起了旅游和酒店业的研究人员和从业人员的兴趣。 元宇宙为游客提供了享受前所未有的旅游体验的能力。 这些机会可能会从根本上改变旅游业和酒店业的格局。 本研究旨在使用刺激-有机体-反应 (S-O-R) 范式和认知体验自我理论 (CEST) 研究虚拟世界体验如何影响游客的认知处理、满意度和对虚拟世界旅游的忠诚度。

为了实现研究目标, 我们开展了一项在线调查, 从 329 名经常使用不同元宇宙应用程序的受访者那里收集信息。 通过偏最小二乘结构方程模型 (PLS-SEM) 评估数据。

研究结果表明, 虚拟世界体验, 如沉浸、逃避现实和享受, 对虚拟世界有机体体验有显着的积极影响。 此外, 虚拟世界的认知处理对虚拟世界游客的反应产生了积极影响, 包括满意度和忠诚度, 游客的参与起到了调节作用。

这项研究为元宇宙开发人员和旅游行业专业人士提供指导方针, 以鼓励游客对元宇宙旅游的满意度和忠诚度。

El Metaverso esta siendo de de interés para investigadores y profesionales en turismo y hotelería. Este avance tecnológico ofrece al turista la capacidad de disfrutar de experiencias turísticas inéditas, generando oportunidades que pueden cambiar radicalmente el panorama de la industria del turismo. Este estudio tiene la intención de examinar cómo las experiencias del metaverso afectan el procesamiento cognitivo, la satisfacción y la lealtad de los turistas hacia el turismo del metaverso utilizando el paradigma de estímulo-organismo-respuesta (S-O-R) y la auto-teoría cognitiva experiencial (CEST).

Se realizó una encuesta en línea para recopilar información de 329 encuestados que eran usuarios frecuentes de diferentes aplicaciones de metaverso para cumplir con los objetivos del estudio. Los datos se evaluaron a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM).

Los hallazgos revelaron que las experiencias del metaverso, como la inmersión, el escapismo y el disfrute, tuvieron un impacto positivo significativo en la experiencia organísmica del metaverso. Además, el procesamiento cognitivo del metaverso influyó positivamente en las respuestas de los turistas del metaverso, incluidas la satisfacción y la lealtad, y la participación del turista actuó como moderador.

Este estudio proporciona pautas para los desarrolladores de metaversos y los profesionales de la industria de viajes para fomentar la satisfacción y la lealtad de los visitantes al turismo de metaversos.

The purpose of this study is to investigate through an empirical research the factors that would attract visitors to heritage and cultural sites as museums applied on the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). The paper aims to study the impact of the proposed attraction features learning/knowledge, museum facilities, fun/entertainment and socializing and accessibility/location on pre-visit destination image.

The author started by a thorough literature review to arrive to the suggested conceptual model, which is tested by adopting a quantitative approach where data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from a convenient sample of 300 respondents with 90% response rate and used partial least squares – structure equation modelling using Smart PLS v.3.2.8.

The results show that three of the tested factors were accepted and one was rejected.

Management of GEM, which will be one of the biggest museums world-wide, can make use of the empirical results of this research to enhance their understanding of the factors that impact pre-visit destination image, and thus, most attract visitors to justify the budget set in this huge project and achieve highest visitation and revenue

This research deals with a new museum that has not opened its doors yet and will start functioning in late 2020, and thus, the pre-visit image of the museum is not based on previous experience of visitors but rather on secondary sources as messages sent to visitors based on attraction features, while most previous studies dealt with post-visit image of museums