The purpose of this paper is to discuss a method that can evaluate the friction durability of automatic transmission fluid.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss a method that can evaluate the friction durability of automatic transmission fluid.
Design/methodology/approach
A small clutch was used to test the friction durability. The method adopts a similar sequence to that of SAE No. 2. Three commercial oils were studied. One of them meets the specification of the GM's DEXRONIIE and the others meet the DEXRONIII.
Findings
The results showed that two commercial oils have different friction durability. Two further samples were blended in the lab and friction durability was researched by this method.
Originality/value
The results showed that the samples have a good durability. The research indicates that the method is quite capable of distinguishing between some samples. The results also indicate the difference between the DEXRON specifications at friction durability.
Details
Keywords
Guangrun Sheng, Xixiang Liu, Zixuan Wang, Wenhao Pu, Xiaoqiang Wu and Xiaoshuang Ma
This paper aims to present a novel transfer alignment method based on combined double-time observations with velocity and attitude for ships’ poor maneuverability to address the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a novel transfer alignment method based on combined double-time observations with velocity and attitude for ships’ poor maneuverability to address the system errors introduced by flexural deformation and installing which are difficult to calibrate.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on velocity and attitude matching, redesigning and deducing Kalman filter model by combining double-time observation. By introducing the sampling of the previous update cycle of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), current observation subtracts previous observation are used as measurements for transfer alignment filter, system error in measurement introduced by deformation and installing can be effectively removed.
Findings
The results of simulations and turntable tests show that when there is a system error, the proposed method can improve alignment accuracy, shorten the alignment process and not require any active maneuvers or additional sensor equipment.
Originality/value
Calibrating those deformations and installing errors during transfer alignment need special maneuvers along different axes, which is difficult to fulfill for ships’ poor maneuverability. Without additional sensor equipment and active maneuvers, the system errors in attitude measurement can be eliminated by the proposed algorithms, meanwhile improving the accuracy of the shipboard SINS transfer alignment.