David Engvall, David Martin, Warren Caywood and James Wawrzyniak
The purpose of this paper is to explain changes to the SEC rules governing private offerings of securities, permitting general solicitation and general advertising in certain…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain changes to the SEC rules governing private offerings of securities, permitting general solicitation and general advertising in certain private placements conducted under Rule 506 of Regulation D under the US Securities Act of 1933, and amending Rule 506 to disqualify certain “bad actors” from private placements conducted under the rule.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper explains the new Rule 506(c), which removes the prohibition on general solicitation and general advertising provided that all purchasers are accredited investors and the issuer has taken all reasonable steps to verify that they are accredited investors. The paper explains the final rules relating to bad-actor disqualifications, and also explains several amendments to Regulation D that the SEC has proposed to give the Commission additional insight into the market and help prevent potential fraud.
Findings
In adopting these rule amendments simultaneously, the SEC balanced the often counterpoised considerations of promoting capital formation and protecting investors.
Practical implications
Issuers engaging in offerings under the new Rule 506(c) must develop adequate processes to verify the accredited investor status of purchasers and to identify bad actors as defined in the rule.
Originality/value
The paper provides practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
Details
Keywords
Jeffrey A. Stone, Kimberly J. Flanders, Pedro Robles and Salih Hakan Can
This study aims to investigate how a sample of US municipalities use social media for strategic communication, focusing on efforts to effectively measure and evaluate that…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate how a sample of US municipalities use social media for strategic communication, focusing on efforts to effectively measure and evaluate that communication. Research questions focus on measurement and evaluation practices, as well as the motivations and impacts associated with these practices.
Design/methodology/approach
This research uses a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 12 municipal government personnel responsible for social media communication. The self-selected participants represent 10 states and all US Census regions. Data was content analyzed and categorized according to four research questions, with emergent themes described.
Findings
The results show a diverse set of approaches and motivations, with surface-level measurement and evaluation methods. Initial efforts at more ad hoc use of social media are moving toward more deliberate strategies, but limited resources inhibit progress for some municipalities.
Originality/value
Few studies exist which explore how US municipalities formally measure and evaluate their social media activities as part of their overall strategic communication efforts. This study adds to the existing literature by providing insight into the measurement and evaluation practices that municipalities use to assess their social media communication. The study also provides a basis for larger and deeper investigations of municipal strategic communication practices related to measurement and evaluation.
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Keywords
The emergence of integrated marketing communications (IMC) has become a significant example of development in the marketing discipline. It has influenced thinking and acting among…
Abstract
Purpose
The emergence of integrated marketing communications (IMC) has become a significant example of development in the marketing discipline. It has influenced thinking and acting among all types of companies and organizations facing the realities of competition in an open economy. From the beginning of the 1990s IMC became a real hot topic in the field of marketing. Four stages of IMC have been identified, starting from tactical coordination to financial and strategic integration. However, the majority of firms are anchored in the first stages and very few have moved to a strategic level. One conclusion is that there are barriers to developing IMC from tactics to strategy. The main purpose of this paper is to identify obstacles to further developing IMC.
Design/methodology/approach
A review of relevant literature during the 1990s and a study of four large Swedish companies.
Findings
Results show that decisions concerning IMC are rooted on the advertising agency level and have failed to appear on management level, whose communicative ability has remained insufficient, mainly due to obsolete tradition.
Originality/value
Indicates a need for international research and a reconsideration of educational programs regarding management, marketing and marketing communications.
Details
Keywords
This bibliographic essay, which reviews the collection development literature published during 1996, is organized into sections covering: bibliographic work; general and…
Abstract
This bibliographic essay, which reviews the collection development literature published during 1996, is organized into sections covering: bibliographic work; general and miscellaneous works; access and document delivery; collection development policies; materials budgets and budgeting; collection evaluation; collection development for specific subjects, audiences, or formats; electronic resources; use studies; collection development administration, organization, and staffing; and serials collection management. More than 150 items are included in the review.