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Highlights Health and Safety with regard to the paint and coatings industry, recent legislation has been designed to put pressure on paint manufacturers to preserve the ecology, protect the environment and increase health and safety at work. Outlines the major guidelines introduced by the Environmental Protection Act 1990, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations and the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations to help paint manufacturers to rise to the challenge of manufacturing products that are safer, both to the user and to the environment and which at the same time complement industry initiatives.

To explain the processes involved in rewriting one’s way of understanding phenomenon.

A model for characterizing cognitive conceptions of learning and unlearning is described through a historical, current, and forward thinking approach to understanding content. Ideas for the reorganization of information are proposed alongside application-oriented means of implementing learn over theory in classrooms.

For cognitive development to ensue, we must capitalize on students’ existing knowledge and ways of knowing the world through chance plus selection, piggy-backing, affective boosting/field facilitation, imitation, learning support systems, bias, LC learning, use of spare mental capacity, and the need for coherent self-concept.

Through effective facilitation of their learning, students can hone their skills, recognize their efforts toward their successes, write and rewrite their existing schematic frameworks, develop and maintain positive self-concepts, and advance their systems for understanding their worlds and how to progress to subsequent levels of attainment independently.

To examine how reading in electronic formats differs from traditional reading of print.

Concepts about digital print are discussed alongside research studies in fields related to multisensory technologies and electronic means of communication. A model of online reading is proposed integrating aspects of information foraging theory. Pedagogical applications are needed to integrate e-reading theory within classrooms.

With the varied text structures, directionality concerns, and interactive text features, our attention must turn to the theoretical foundations that underpin digital literacy learning today. Online foraging schemes can explain how information is sought and retrieved when reading new information from digital mediums.

Teachers must address the current, digital literacy needs of their students, thus preparing them for challenges in the 21st century. Varying text structures within digital formats as well as providing as-needed facilitation are the scaffolds that students need today. Using technologies such as digital games, tools, and contexts advances the mission of resource-based teaching and learning.

Writing as a hot topic in literacy has recently gained a foothold in terms of importance to academic and career success, finally receiving the attention it warrants and thus, this chapter provides timely information about how to teach writing products and processes in the 21st century.

Through a historical examination of writing instruction, this chapter provides a contextual lens for how writing has not always been a priority in the field of literacy; how writing and reading are interconnected; and how differing theories aim to explain writing development.

Writing has taken on a balanced approach between writing for product and writing as a practice. Teacher pedagogy has been heavily influenced by the advent of high-stakes assessments. Other factors such as maintaining motivation and engagement for writing affect student performance. Writing and reading benefit from an integrated instructional approach.

Elements of writing instruction are deconstructed to provide information for teachers to support students’ confidence in their writing abilities, build their identity as writers, and promote individualization and creativity to flourish through independence.

THE luncheon given by the Lord Mayor, Sir Ralph Perring, to more than 700 guests at Guildhall on November 14, officially launched the country on National Productivity Year. Apart from representatives of the 120 local committees these were people from trade and employers' associations, trades unions, professional bodies and research organisations. It was, in effect, a token mobilisation of Britain's industrial might, because behind it stands a large army devoted to the task of increasing the country's output.

The British team's performance in the International Apprentice Competition this year is the best yet for this country: eight gold medals, five silver, and two bronze beats anything a British team has done since we started competing nine years ago.

Smedleys Ltd v. Breed effectively disposes of Section 3 (3), Food and Drugs Act, 1955 as a defence in law in what nowadays constitutes the commonest source of all food prosecutions, viz., foreign matter in food. Their Lord‐ships' judgment is indeed a brilliant exposition of the law on the subject, but the result of their dismissal of the appeal can only be seen, as one of their number stated, that local authorities and magistrates for all practical purposes can ignore the subsection, and from the numerous reports of legal proceedings, this is what they have been doing for many years. It was resurrected in a case, similar in circumstance to that in Smedleys, a couple of years ago, in respect of a snail in black currant jam, in which the snail and black currants were identical in size and appearance.

August 9, 1966 Harrogate, Yorkshire Assessment to levy‐reduction in scope of trade of appellants ‐number of employees reduced — calculation of levy — whether fact that appellants will not benefit from scheme valid ground for resisting assessment — Industrial Training Levy (Wool) Order 1965.

Vehicles estimation can be used in evaluating traffic conditions and facilitating traffic control, which is an important task in intelligent transportation system. The paper aims to propose a vehicle-counting method based on the analysis of surveillance videos.

The paper proposes a novel two-step method using low-rank representation (LRR) detection and locality-constrained linear coding (LLC) classification to count the number of vehicles in traffic video sequences automatically. The proposed method is based on an offline training to understand an LLC-based classifier with extracted features for vehicle and pedestrian classification, followed by an online counting algorithm to count the number of vehicles detected from the image sequence.

The proposed method allows delivery estimation (counting the number of vehicles at each frame only) and total number estimation of vehicles shown in the scene. The paper compares the proposed method with other similar methods on three public data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method is competitive and effective in terms of computational speed and evaluation accuracy.

The proposed method does not consider illumination. Hence, the results might be unsatisfactory under low-lighting condition. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to add a term that controls the illumination changes into the energy function of vehicle detection in future work.

The paper bridges the gap between LRR detection and vehicle counting by taking advantage of existing LLC classification algorithm to distinguish different moving objects.