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This paper reviews and compares the methods of kinetic heat simulation which may be used simultaneously with normal loading in structural tests of aircraft or components. Basic data on the quantities involved in and the limitations of the various techniques are given. An extensive bibliography of current literature on heat technology is provided.

TODAY aviation is a most influential factor in our lives and Brooklyn a most influential factor in aviation. This was clear to all who attended the very successful conference on High Speed Aeronautics organized as a feature of the Centennial year by the Department of Aeronautical Engineering and Applied Mechanics of the Institute. Over 600 research workers and technicians assembled at the Engineering Societies Building, New York, to hear and to discuss papers by scientists and engineers from America, England, France, Germany, Italy and Sweden.

AS an aircraft flies through the atmosphere it is heated kinetically owing to its forward velocity. For subsonic speeds the effect is hardly measurable, at M= 1 ·5 it is definitely measurable and as there is a rapid change with speed it soon becomes necessary to include kinetic heating in the design conditions for an aircraft structure. All other conditions that are present at lower speeds have still to be retained and it becomes a matter of adding heating conditions to an already large number of conditions. The same approach must be used of preparing a design envelope on which appropriate factors have to be applied. In doing this it should be appreciated that there are two distinct effects of heating, one is the steady temperature condition associated with sustained steady flight conditions, the other is the rapid change in temperature and associated structural stresses and distortions when the aircraft changes speed or height. Considering first the steady temperature condition, it is evident that this can only arise in practice after a fairly long time at the particular flight condition to which it applies and that intermittent departures from it will not have a significant effect. The aircraft speed that has to be selected must of course be one that might reasonably be expected to be sustained occasionally for moderate periods, although perhaps not quite long enough to reach equilibrium. There is a comparable case in the normal strength requirements for gusts. The design gust has to be associated with an appropriate aircraft forward speed namely ‘Design Cruising Speed’. It is suggested that exactly the same speed be used to determine the steady temperature conditions with no further safety factor, and that all static and fatigue strength conditions be satisfied with full safety factors at this temperature condition.

THIS article is intended, firstly, as a means to a quick approximate determination of the critical reversal speed of a wing, and secondly to give a clearer insight of why approximations can be given for the general formula for determining K, when the aileron chord and wing chord are of linear taper at least over the aileron portion.

The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn celebrated in 1955 its centenary and as part of the celebrations a Conference on High Speed Aeronautics was organized. In this book are collected the lectures presented at the Conference. The list of lectures is impressive, whilst the lectures are all of great interest, many containing much that is new and fundamental in this ever‐expanding subject. As might be expected, most attention was focused on flight at very high Mach numbers and the aerodynamic and structural problems associated with kinetic heating effects, but that persistent source of problems, transonic flow, also received attention.

The conference was opened by Professor A. G. Pugsley, who welcomed the members to Wills Hall and commented on the importance and appropriateness, at the present time, of the subject of the meeting. In doing so, he drew attention to some general considerations relevant to the detailed subjects they were to discuss.

The explosive growth and overwhelming use of World Wide Web resources have led to the often misguided, but understandable belief that one can find any information on the Web. In businesses, direct marketing on the Web produced big success stories in sales and marketing. This led to the conclusion that the process of “dis‐intermediation” has begun. Do we need intermediaries such as libraries (especially small special (medical) libraries) anyway? As librarians, how should we position ourselves for this change? The author draws a parallel analogy from knowledge management literature and highlights the importance of adding value to the process of the transformation of data to information, and from information to knowledge. The trend towards supporting evidence‐based practice in health care is a good example of how librarians could use their skills and knowledge to give better support and added value to the health care process. In participating in knowledge building and application in the local environment, the traditional role of a library in being a repository and a provider of information is no longer adequate. New roles in publishing, marketing, teaching, researching, collaborating and building up the knowledge emerge. Continuous education and training in new skills will better equip librarians with the new roles, while at the same time, librarians should preserve the traditional and professional value of providing quality information to those in need.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a numerical prediction method of buckling loads for shell structures under axial compression and thermal loads based on vibration correlation technique (VCT).

VCT is a non-destructive test method, and the numerical realization of its experimental process can become a promising buckling load prediction method, namely numerical VCT (NVCT). First, the derivation of the VCT formula for thin-walled structures under combined axial compression and thermal loads is presented. Then, on the basis of typical NVCT, an adaptive step-size NVCT (AS-NVCT) calculation scheme based on an adaptive increment control strategy is proposed. Finally, according to the independence of repeated frequency analysis, a concurrent computing framework of AS-NVCT is established to improve efficiency.

Four analytical examples and one optimization example for imperfect conical-cylindrical shells are carried out. The buckling prediction results for AS-NVCT agree well with the test results, and the efficiency is significantly higher than that of typical numerical buckling methods.

The derivation of the VCT formula for thin-walled shells provides a theoretical basis for NVCT. The adaptive incremental control strategy realizes the adaptive adjustment of the loading step size and the maximum applied load of NVCT with Python script, thus establishing AS-NVCT.

Accounting comparability has been the subject of significant interest in empirical financial accounting research. Recent literature, particularly that following De Franco et al.’s (2011) influential study, has focused on utilizing the output of the financial reporting process to measure accounting comparability. In this paper, we conduct an early survey of studies using output-based measures of comparability. We provide two distinct contributions to the literature. First, we describe and comment on four important measurement concepts as well as the studies that introduced them. With this methodological contribution, we aim to facilitate the measurement choice for empirical accounting researchers engaged in comparability research. Second, we classify the sub-streams of literature and related studies. In providing this content-related contribution, we sum up what has already been achieved in output-based accounting comparability research and highlight potential areas for prospective research. As a whole, our study attempts to guide empirical researchers who (plan to) undertake studies on accounting comparability in selecting relevant topics and choosing adequate approaches to measurement.