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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

D. Dimitrov, W. van Wijck, K. Schreve and N. de Beer

The research was undertaken to characterise the three dimensional printing (3DP) process in term of the achievable dimensional and geometric accuracy.

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Abstract

Purpose

The research was undertaken to characterise the three dimensional printing (3DP) process in term of the achievable dimensional and geometric accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach

New benchmark models were developed that represent characteristics needing to be investigated. The parts were fabricated in different materials. A program was written to measure the features on a numerically controlled coordinate measurement machine. Finally, a statistical analysis was done. The results are reported in terms of statistical parameters and international tolerance (IT) grades.

Findings

The paper provides general IT grades of the 3DP process for parts printed using different materials (powders).

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to specific materials and equipment.

Practical implications

The data is very useful for designing products to be manufactured on 3DP machines applying either direct or indirect methods.

Originality/value

3DP is more and more used for rapid prototyping with great potential towards rapid manufacturing. Designers need to know the capability profile of the process they are going to use. There is a significant lack of published data on the 3DP process characteristics. This research was conducted to fill this gap and provide much needed accuracy information.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 11 January 2013

Christian Polzin, Sebastian Spath and Hermann Seitz

The purpose of this paper is to characterize and evaluate a new 3D‐printing process based on Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to characterize and evaluate a new 3D‐printing process based on Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

Design/methodology/approach

A benchmark part and standard parts were designed, printed by a 3D‐printer and characterized.

Findings

3D printed PMMA parts have a tensile strength of 2.91 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 223 MPa. The mechanical properties can be improved by infiltrations with epoxy (tensile strength: 26.6 MPa, modulus of elasticity: 1,190 MPa). The surface quality of the parts can be improved by infiltration with wax for usage as lost models. The minimum feature size is 0.3 mm.

Research limitations/implications

The PMMA‐based 3D printing process can be used for manufacturing concept models, functional parts and lost models for investment casting.

Originality/value

This is the first paper investigating a PMMA‐based 3D printing process.

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 2 April 2024

Abraham Ansong, Robert Ipiin Gnankob, Isaac Opoku Agyemang, Kassimu Issau and Edna Naa Amerley Okorley

The study analysed the influence of organizational justice on the duty orientation of employees in the mining sector of Ghana. Also, it examined the mediating role of…

688

Abstract

Purpose

The study analysed the influence of organizational justice on the duty orientation of employees in the mining sector of Ghana. Also, it examined the mediating role of supervisor-provided resources in the relationship between organizational justice and duty orientation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study obtained data through a self-administered questionnaire from 291 employees of a mining firm. The data were analysed and interpreted in light of the hypotheses using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

The findings revealed that organizational justice had a significant positive relationship with duty orientation and supervisor-provided resources. The results again established that supervisor-provided resources had a significant positive relationship with duty orientation. The study finally documented that supervisor-provided resources partially mediate the relationship between organizational justice and duty orientation.

Practical implications

We recommended that the management of the mining companies devote resources to developing organizational justice policies based on fairness in resource allocation, clear roles, employee feedback and effective information dissemination. Furthermore, supervisors should place priority on acquiring and dispensing resources as employees demonstrate their willingness to improve duty orientation.

Originality/value

The study contributes to knowledge in a novel research area. It adds to empirical evidence by highlighting the possible variables that may influence employees to engage in duty orientation.

研究目的

本研究擬分析於迦納的採礦部門裏,組織公平感對僱員職責導向的影響;研究亦擬探討主管提供的資源,如何在組織公平感與職責導向間的關係上起著中介角色。

研究設計/方法/理念

研究人員透過一間採礦公司291名僱員自我測試的問卷,取得研究所需的數據,繼而以偏最小平方結構方程式模式分析法,進行數據分析,並按照研究的假設,對數據進行闡釋的工作。

研究結果

研究結果顯示,組織公平感與職責導向和主管提供的資源之間存在顯著的正向關係;研究結果亦確定了主管提供的資源與職責導向之間存在顯著的正向關係。最後,研究結果證明了主管提供的資源,會一定程度調節組織公平感與職責導向之間的關係。

實務方面的啟示

我們建議採礦企業的管理層應根據資源的公平分配、明確的角色、僱員的回饋和有效的信息傳播,把資源專用於發展組織公平感的政策上;而且,當僱員展示他們願意改善職責導向時,主管應把獲取資源,並加以發放列為優先事項。

研究的原創性

本研究在一個新穎的研究領域裏,幫助我們增進知識;研究透過強調影響僱員參與職責導向的可能變數,增加有關的經驗證據。

Details

European Journal of Management and Business Economics, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2444-8451

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Article
Publication date: 8 September 2023

Michelle McClelland, Sara Grobbelaar and Natasha Sacks

This paper aims to explore the growth of the South African additive manufacturing (AM) industry over the past 31 years through the lens of the innovation system (IS) perspective…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the growth of the South African additive manufacturing (AM) industry over the past 31 years through the lens of the innovation system (IS) perspective, examining the actor dynamics and mechanisms that facilitated or hindered the industry’s development.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a case study research approach, analysing semi-structured interviews with eight South African AM experts and documentary evidence. The IS framework and the realist evaluation perspective were used, using a context-intervention-mechanism-outcome (CIMO)-based event history analysis (EHA) framework to explore the actor dynamics and mechanisms of the case study.

Findings

The study used a case study research approach, analysing semi-structured interviews with eight South African AM experts and documentary evidence. The IS framework and the realist evaluation perspective were used, using a CIMO-based EHA framework to explore the actor dynamics and mechanisms of the case study.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the South African AM industry literature by providing an overview of the industry events over the past three decades and analysing the industry through the IS framework. The study is among the first to analyse the development of the South African AM industry, presenting innovation scholars and managers with valuable decision-making support by providing insights into the innovation activities performed during each stage of the industry’s development, who performed them, the sequence in which they were performed and the outcomes they delivered.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 29 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 9 September 2024

Yogesh Patil, Milind Akarte, K. P. Karunakaran, Ashik Kumar Patel, Yash G. Mittal, Gopal Dnyanba Gote, Avinash Kumar Mehta, Ronald Ely and Jitendra Shinde

Integrating additive manufacturing (AM) tools in traditional mold-making provides complex yet affordable sand molds and cores. AM processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS…

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Abstract

Purpose

Integrating additive manufacturing (AM) tools in traditional mold-making provides complex yet affordable sand molds and cores. AM processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and Binder jetting three-dimensional printing (BJ3DP) are widely used for patternless sand mold and core production. This study aims to perform an in-depth literature review to understand the current status, determine research gaps and propose future research directions. In addition, obtain valuable insights into authors, organizations, countries, keywords, documents, sources and cited references, sources and authors.

Design/methodology/approach

This study followed the systematic literature review (SLR) to gather relevant rapid sand casting (RSC) documents via Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases. Furthermore, bibliometrics was performed via the Visualization of Similarities (VOSviewer) software.

Findings

An evaluation of 116 documents focused primarily on commercial AM setups and process optimization of the SLS. Process optimization studies the effects of AM processes, their input parameters, scanning approaches, sand types and the integration of computer-aided design in AM on the properties of sample. The authors performed detailed bibliometrics of 80 out of 120 documents via VOSviewer software.

Research limitations/implications

This review focuses primarily on the SLS AM process.

Originality/value

A SLR and bibliometrics using VOSviewer software for patternless sand mold and core production via the AM process.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2006

D. Dimitrov, K. Schreve and N. de Beer

This paper surveys the current state and capabilities of three dimensional printing (3DP). A comprehensive review of 3D Printing applications is presented. The scope of the…

10618

Abstract

Purpose

This paper surveys the current state and capabilities of three dimensional printing (3DP). A comprehensive review of 3D Printing applications is presented. The scope of the applications includes design, manufacturing, the medical field and architecture.

Design/methodology/approach

A large variety of manufacturing applications such as rapid pattern making and rapid tooling using the 3DP process directly or as core technology, as well as further implications in design and engineering analysis, medicine, and architecture are presented and evaluated.

Findings

Some research issues are also discussed. An attempt, based on the state of the art, to show weaknesses and opportunities, and to draw conclusions about the future of this important process rounds up this paper.

Research limitations/implications

The scope of this research survey is limited to evaluation and comparison of processes that may be characterised as 3D printing technologies.

Practical implications

The study is very useful as a basis for matching evaluated 3D printing machine and process capabilities to user requirements, and forms a framework on which future comparative studies can build.

Originality/value

A comprehensive overview of the capabilities of 3DP processes is presented and evaluated. It shows the application of 3D printing beyond concept modelling. The paper is valuable for researchers as well as individuals, who require adequate and relevant comparative information during decision making.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2018

Azadeh Haghighi and Lin Li

Quantifying and controlling the quality characteristics of parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) processes has attracted significant interest in the research community…

512

Abstract

Purpose

Quantifying and controlling the quality characteristics of parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) processes has attracted significant interest in the research community. However, to increase the sustainability of AM processes, such quality characteristics need to be assessed together with life cycle performance of AM processes such as energy and material consumption and manufacturing cost. Although a few studies have been performed for several quality characteristics, i.e. surface roughness and tensile strength, the relationship between dimensional performance and manufacturing cost is still not well known for AM processes.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a comprehensive study of the dimensional performance and manufacturing cost of fused deposition modeling AM process is performed. Design of experiment technique is used, and the correlation of different cost components and the dimensional accuracy of parts are statistically studied.

Findings

The optimum process parameters for simultaneously optimizing the dimensional performance and manufacturing cost are identified. The analysis shows that as opposed to traditional manufacturing processes, obtaining a better dimensional performance is not necessarily associated with higher cost in the AM processes.

Originality/value

Almost no study and analysis for the combined dimensional performance and manufacturing cost has been performed for AM processes in the literature. It is known that within the context of traditional manufacturing processes, a natural trade-off governs the pursuit of higher dimensional performance and the manufacturing cost. However, as the AM process has a different nature compared with traditional manufacturing processes, the relationship between manufacturing cost and dimensional performance of parts has to be studied. Understanding this relationship will also help to establish a cost-optimal and sustainable tolerance allocation strategy in assemblies with AM components.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 28 September 2012

J. Suwanprateeb, F. Thammarakcharoen, K. Wasoontararat and W. Suvannapruk

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of changing printing parameters (powder layer thickness and binder saturation) in a three dimensional printing machine (3DP) on…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of changing printing parameters (powder layer thickness and binder saturation) in a three dimensional printing machine (3DP) on the transformation of 3DP printed plaster of paris to hydroxyapatite by low temperature phosphorization.

Design/methodology/approach

Plaster of paris‐based powder mixture was used to print specimens using different powder layer thickness (0.080, 0.10 and 0.20 mm) and saturation ratio (1 and 2). Subsequently, density, microstructure, mechanical properties, transformation rate and phase composition were analyzed to compare the influence of such printing parameters on properties.

Findings

It was found that printing parameters strongly affect the transformation efficiency and properties of the samples. The sample printed at layer thickness of 0.10 mm and saturation ratio of 1 yielded the highest transformation rate, density and greatest flexural modulus and strength after conversion. This was related to the sufficiently low density structure with good mechanical properties of the as‐fabricated 3DP sample which was suitable for the low temperature phosphorization process. Hydroxyapatite and monetite were found to be the main phases after conversion and the content of each phase depended on the conversion time and on also the printing parameters.

Research limitations/implications

The optimal printing parameters were true for the materials used in this study. In the case of using other materials formulation, the optimal printing parameters might be different from these values.

Practical implications

The results presented here can be used as a guideline for selecting printing parameters in 3DP machine for achieving properties as desired for specific applications or post‐processing techniques.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates the printing parameters that were needed to be considered for efficient phase transformation and high mechanical properties.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 18 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 18 January 2016

Carlos Cajal, Jorge Santolaria, David Samper and Jesus Velazquez

This paper aims to present a methodology for volumetric error compensation. This technique is applied to an Objet Eden350V 3D printer and involves a custom measurement strategy…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present a methodology for volumetric error compensation. This technique is applied to an Objet Eden350V 3D printer and involves a custom measurement strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The kinematic model of the printer is explained, and its error model is simplified to 18 independent error functions. Each error function is defined by a cubic Legendre polynomial. The coefficients of the polynomials are obtained through a Levenberg–Marquardt optimization process. This optimization process compares, in an iterative algorithm, nominal coordinates with actual values of the cloud of points. The points are built in the faces of a gauge artefact as conical sockets defining one unique point for each socket. These points are measured by a coordinate measuring machine self-centring measurement process.

Findings

Most of the errors of the 3D printer are systematic. It is possible to obtain an improvement of 70 per cent in terms of global mean error reduction in single points within a volume of 120 × 120 × 40 mm. The forecast of the final error compensation fully matches the actual final error.

Practical implications

This methodology can be used for accuracy improvement in additive manufacturing machines.

Originality/value

Unlike the calculation of geometric errors, the proposed parametric determination through optimization of the error model allows global error reduction, which decreases all sort of systematic errors concurrently. The proposed measurement strategy allows high reliability, high speed and operator independence in the measurement process, which increases efficiency and reduces the cost. The proposed methodology is easily translated to other rapid prototyping machines and allows scalability when replicating artefacts covering any working volume.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse the problem of high binder content in sand mould and to solve it. Meanwhile, to increase build speed, especially for heavy casting’s sand mould with a high value in layer height, such as 2 mm in construction instead of the industry standard of 0.3 mm, line forming for three-dimensional (3D) sand mould printing is researched.

Design/methodology/approach

Brief introduction of 3D sand mould printing and key issues are given first. Then, this paper quantitatively analyses binder content in sand mould. Finally, to acquire sand mould with appropriate binder content and high build speed, line forming combining traditional furan no-bake sand manufacture technique is researched, as well as relevant feasible schemes and current progress.

Findings

The study shows that compared with traditional technique, binder content in sand mould produced by available 3D printing technique is too high, bad for sand mould’s properties and quality of castings, while line forming brings guaranteed binder content and improved build speed.

Research limitations/implications

More experiments are needed to demonstrate quantitative analysis of binder content and to obtain flowability of moist sand, detailed structure design of nozzle and practical build speed, as well as methods of circulation of materials considering solidification time.

Practical implications

Line forming with higher build speed and suitable binder content means excellent properties of sand mould and castings as well, bringing obvious implication for moulds industries and manufacturing industry.

Originality/value

This new method could increase build speed and meanwhile guarantee binder content. Thus, its application prospect is promising.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

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