In this paper an attempt is made to find a mathematical model for a number of mainly electrophysiological results concerning pattern recognition of mammals. After a short…
Abstract
In this paper an attempt is made to find a mathematical model for a number of mainly electrophysiological results concerning pattern recognition of mammals. After a short introduction to the applied theory of linear nervous nets, the investigations in the retina and geniculate body are interpreted as filters for space‐ and time‐dependent oscillations. By application of the detection theory a functional model of the cortex regions 17, 18 and 19 is formed. The classification process is considered to be the spatial cross‐correlation, but by means of the present results it is not possible to draw complete conclusions on the structure of the recognition process.
By considering the nervous system as a type of communication system with reliable transmission of signals an attempt is made to use in neurophysiology the basic information theory…
Abstract
By considering the nervous system as a type of communication system with reliable transmission of signals an attempt is made to use in neurophysiology the basic information theory theses developed by Shannon for technical communication systems. Some results of different information indices calculations (those of capacity, redundancy, degree of reliability and so on) of the pulses incorporated in their functional community (neuron ensembles) are presented. A comparison is made between peripheral and central neurons information indices. The leading role of spike trains redundancy is stressed in the mechanisms of securing a reliable signals transmission in the nervous system. The relation between redundancy and randomization process of neuron spike trains structures is shown.
Z. Schneigert and Dipl.‐Arch. M. Dziewoński
Zakopane liegt an der südlichen Grenze Polens (49° 18' geographische Breite, 19° 57' geographische Länge) am Fusse des Tatragebirges, das ausser den Alpen das einzige Gebirge in…
Abstract
Zakopane liegt an der südlichen Grenze Polens (49° 18' geographische Breite, 19° 57' geographische Länge) am Fusse des Tatragebirges, das ausser den Alpen das einzige Gebirge in Osteuropa ist, welches Alpencharakter besitzt und mit seinen Gipfeln 2500 m erreicht. Die Stadt selbst befindet sich in einem weiten Talkessel (40 km2), 800–900 m über dem Meeresspiegel, welchen von der nördlichen Seite der Gubalówka‐Wall begrenzt (1123 m ü.M.) (Bild 2). Die Bergströme fliessen in das Zakopanetal hinab und die Flüsse von Bialy Dunajec und Czarny Dunajec führen sie nach Osten bzw. Westen ab. Die beiden Flüsse säumen mehrere Goralendörfer, die auch von Urlaubern und Touristen als Aufenthaltsort benutzt werden. Die grössten Dörfer sind Ko?cielisko im Westen mit 2000 Einwohnern, im Osten Poronin mit 3300 Einwohnern und Bukowina (2000 Seelen), das auf der Bergkette 900 m ü. M. liegt.
Sixian Chan, Jian Tao, Xiaolong Zhou, Binghui Wu, Hongqiang Wang and Shengyong Chen
Visual tracking technology enables industrial robots interacting with human beings intelligently. However, due to the complexity of the tracking problem, the accuracy of visual…
Abstract
Purpose
Visual tracking technology enables industrial robots interacting with human beings intelligently. However, due to the complexity of the tracking problem, the accuracy of visual target tracking still has great space for improvement. This paper aims to propose an accurate visual target tracking method based on standard hedging and feature fusion.
Design/methodology/approach
For this study, the authors first learn the discriminative information between targets and similar objects in the histogram of oriented gradients by feature optimization method, and then use standard hedging algorithms to dynamically balance the weights between different feature optimization components. Moreover, they penalize the filter coefficients by incorporating spatial regularization coefficient and extend the Kernelized Correlation Filter for robust tracking. Finally, a model update mechanism to improve the effectiveness of the tracking is proposed.
Findings
Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method comparing to the state-of-the-art tracking methods.
Originality/value
Improvements to existing visual target tracking algorithms are achieved through feature fusion and standard hedging algorithms to further improve the tracking accuracy of robots on targets in reality.
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Keywords
Kevin Dadaczynski, Bjarne Bruun Jensen, Nina Grieg Viig, Marjorita Sormunen, Jesper von Seelen, Vladislav Kuchma and Teresa Vilaça
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the official statement of the Fifth European Conference on Health-Promoting Schools.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the official statement of the Fifth European Conference on Health-Promoting Schools.
Design/methodology/approach
The Fifth European Conference on Health-Promoting Schools was held on 20–22 November 2019 in Moscow, Russian Federation, with over 450 participants from 40 countries. A writing group was established to prepare a draft version of the statement before the conference. On the basis of an online and offline feedback process, the opinions of the participants were collected during the conference and included in the finalisation of the statement.
Findings
The final conference statement comprises six thematic categories (values and principles; environment, climate and health; schools as part of the wider community; non-communicable diseases (NCDs); evidence base; and digital media), with a total of 23 recommendations and calls for action.
Originality/value
The recommendations and calls for action reflect current challenges for Health Promoting Schools in Europe. They are addressed to all actors in governmental, non-governmental and other organisations at international, national and regional levels involved in health promotion in schools and are to be applied for the further development of the concept.
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Keywords
Allgemeine Feststellungen. Was heisst Sozialtourismus? Seit einiger Zeit macht ein Schlagwort die Runde, findet hier eindeutige Verfechter, weckt dort Befürchtung, Skepsis und…
Abstract
Allgemeine Feststellungen. Was heisst Sozialtourismus? Seit einiger Zeit macht ein Schlagwort die Runde, findet hier eindeutige Verfechter, weckt dort Befürchtung, Skepsis und Ablehnung. Es heisst Sozialtourismus und wird als eine neue Form des Fremdenverkehrs bezeichnet, die seine bisherige Struktur tiefgehend beeinflusse. Um was handelt es sich?
This paper attempts to trace and describe the role played by the government sector – the state – in promoting economic growth in Western societies since the Renaissance. One…
Abstract
This paper attempts to trace and describe the role played by the government sector – the state – in promoting economic growth in Western societies since the Renaissance. One important conclusion is that the antagonism between state and market, which has characterised the twentieth century, is a relatively new phenomenon. Since the Renaissance one very important task of the state has been to create well‐functioning markets by providing a legal framework, standards, credit, physical infrastructure and – if necessary – to function temporarily as an entrepreneur of last resort. Early economists were acutely aware that national markets did not occur spontaneously, and they used “modern” ideas like synergies, increasing returns, and innovation theory when arguing for the right kind of government policy. In fact, mercantilist economics saw it as a main task to extend the synergetic economic effects observed within cities to the territory of a nation‐state. The paper argues that the classical Anglo‐Saxon tradition in economics – fundamentally focused on barter and distribution, rather than on production and knowledge – systematically fails to grasp these wider issues in economic development, and it brings in and discusses the role played by the state in alternative traditions of non‐equilibrium economics.
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Catrine Kostenius and Catarina Lundqvist
This study explores to what extent health promotion policy in practice and leadership engagement is reflected in school actors' experiences of health dialogues (HDs) and their…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explores to what extent health promotion policy in practice and leadership engagement is reflected in school actors' experiences of health dialogues (HDs) and their ideas about promoting health and learning in schools.
Design/methodology/approach
The 93 participants consisted of 44 school nurses, 37 students in grades 4, 7 or the first year of high school and 12 teachers, who shared their experiences with HDs by writing open letters.
Findings
The qualitative content analysis resulted in four themes: Putting health on the agenda, Finding a common goal, Walking side by side and Pointing out a healthy direction. The participants' expectations of school health promotion leadership are revealed in suggestions on how the HDs can fulfill both the educational assignment and promote student health.
Practical implications
Based on the findings, we argue that for successful school health promotion leaders need to acknowledge the field of tension where leadership has to take place, anchor health promotion policy and administer “a Sandwich approach” – a top-down and bottom-up leadership simultaneously that facilitates school-based health promotion.
Originality/value
When different school actors (school nurses, teachers and students) are given a voice, a collective picture of HDs can emerge and help develop health promotion practices.
Details
Keywords
Esneider Gutierrez-Rivera, Manuela Escobar-Sierra, Jorge-Andrés Polanco and Francesc Miralles
This study aims to address the challenge of sustainability in Catholic schools quantitatively, even more so knowing that there are few systematized and quantitatively elaborated…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to address the challenge of sustainability in Catholic schools quantitatively, even more so knowing that there are few systematized and quantitatively elaborated approaches that help to determine their sustainability dimensions. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the structural relationships of organizational sustainability in primary and secondary religious schools in Latin America based on the substantive functions of the school, such as care, upbringing and education from an organizational approach.
Design/methodology/approach
Deductive reasoning was used. In the preliminary phase, data were extracted from 420 educational leaders of primary and secondary schools in Latin America from the Lasallian Network, leading a school population of 200,500 students and impacting 166 schools; these previous results were again contrasted with the forthcoming literature with research from the Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain, to achieve the sustainability framework, which has an endogenous variable called the school organizational sustainability framework.
Findings
The results reveal four dimensions of the first-order structural model: management, association, communication, well-being and curriculum, And eight second-order dimensions: governance, communication, resources, secular association, secular partnership, health, social commitment, and campus operation. The investigation results show that secular association and well-being are two dimensions that are constituted as the main elements of a sustainability framework for this type of organization.
Research limitations/implications
The Catholic school has specific dimensions that need to be cared for with special attention, such as association, which comes from the laity and comes from the experience of the religious. In addition to this vital dimension, well-being, constituted as care for the people of the community, as care for all, is connatural to the religious school. Still, it is constituted by an edge that completes it, and that is the concern for the well-being of those outside regarding social justice. A limitation in the pretension of totality is that the study is conducted in a small portion of Catholic schools in Latin America.
Practical implications
A practical impact in the schools investigated is to present this sustainability framework as a reference to incorporate these dimensions as a strategy to bet on sustainability. Although the realities and contexts of the Latin American school are very different, some factors can impact low-income schools and schools with more significant financial resources if they are strengthened and worked on with dedication. In addition, this framework can lead to roads and the construction of indicators within the school, which can measure the sustainable commitment of the whole school. Finally, a clear finding of the framework is the need for good governance processes related to leadership and leaders' commitment to school-wide sustainability.
Social implications
The present study impacts the depth that the proposal of the global educational pact can reach in the reality of Catholic schools in Latin America. The seriousness with which its leaders take the issue of sustainability from this perspective can contribute to the sustainability of life itself.
Originality/value
The originality of this research is that it constitutes the first Sustainability framework in Latin America in Catholic schools from an organizational approach.
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Daniel Hernández-Torrano, Kathelijne Bessems, Goof Buijs, Camille Lassalle, William Datema and Didier Jourdan
This study presents an overview of research literature on health promotion in schools, utilizing metadata extracted from 4,328 publications indexed in the Scopus database over the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study presents an overview of research literature on health promotion in schools, utilizing metadata extracted from 4,328 publications indexed in the Scopus database over the past 35 years.
Design/methodology/approach
A bibliometric approach was used to analyze the development and current state of using publication and citation data. A structured keyword search was conducted in the Scopus database to retrieve relevant publications in the field. Frequency counts, rank-ordered tables and time series charts were used to illustrate the dynamic growth of publication and citation data, the core journals, the leading countries and the most frequently used keywords in research on health promotion in school contexts. A series of social network analyses was conducted to explore and visualize the social, intellectual and conceptual structure of the field.
Findings
Findings demonstrate that health promotion in the school context is a growing research field that has gained significant momentum in recent years. The research in this field is widely distributed internationally, but the research output is dominated by the US and other English-speaking countries. The study reveals a trend toward increased collaboration among research groups. The level of international collaboration varies. The research field is highly interdisciplinary, and the main research themes addressed in the literature include mental health, well-being and quality of life; health behaviors; oral health education; sexual and reproductive education and general health promotion and health education in schools.
Originality/value
This is the first study to map the development of a research field with growing recognition. It provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of health promotion in the school context and its progress over time, contributing to the organization of the research domain. The study demonstrates the need for a new framework for health promotion research that supports the sustainability of health promotion research in schools.