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Article
Publication date: 20 February 2014

A. Muzathik, Y. Nizam, M. Ahmad and W. Nik

Friction material in an automotive brake system plays an important role for effective and safe brake performance. A single material has never been sufficient to solve performance…

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Abstract

Friction material in an automotive brake system plays an important role for effective and safe brake performance. A single material has never been sufficient to solve performance related issues. Current research aimed to examine properties of Boron mixed brake pads by comparing them with the commercial brake pads. Friction coefficient of Boron mixed brake pads and commercial brake pads were significantly different and increased with the increase in surface roughness. The abrupt reduction of friction coefficient is more significant in commercial brake pad samples than in Boron mixed brake pad formulations. Fade occurred in commercial brake pad sample at lower temperatures. Boron formulations are more stable than their commercial counterparts.

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World Journal of Engineering, vol. 10 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 21 August 2013

W. Nik, R. Rosliza, M. Zulkifli and D. Hui

The effect of different cooling methods on the corrosion behaviour at welded area of aluminium alloy 5083 was investigated by using weight loss study, potendynamic polarization…

27

Abstract

The effect of different cooling methods on the corrosion behaviour at welded area of aluminium alloy 5083 was investigated by using weight loss study, potendynamic polarization study and morphology study. All samples were cooled by using air cooling method and quenching method. There was an increase of weight loss for both cooling methods where samples with air cooling method showed lower percentage of weight loss as compared to samples with quenching methods. The corrosion rate gained from this study revealed that samples with air cooling method showed lower corrosion rate compared to samples with quenching method. In potentiodynamic polarization study, the value of corrosion current density, Icorr increased with respect to immersion period. This behaviour signifies the occurrence of porosity where the air cooled samples show lower value of Icorr compared to quenched samples. The increase in Icorr causes the value of polarization resistance, Rp to decrease and corrosion rate to increase. The morphology study conducted revealed the existence of porosity and caused pitting corrosion on quenched samples which proved the samples with quenching method was more corroded as compared to samples with air cooling method.

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Article
Publication date: 15 April 2014

W. Wan Nik, R. Rosliza, M. Zulkifli and D. Hui

The effect of different cooling methods on the corrosion behaviour at welded area of aluminium alloy 5083 was investigated by using weight loss study, potendynamic polarization…

34

Abstract

The effect of different cooling methods on the corrosion behaviour at welded area of aluminium alloy 5083 was investigated by using weight loss study, potendynamic polarization study and morphology study. All samples were cooled by using air cooling method and quenching method. There was an increase of weight loss for both cooling methods where samples with air cooling method showed lower percentage of weight loss as compared to samples with quenching methods. The corrosion rate gained from this study revealed that samples with air cooling method showed lower corrosion rate compared to samples with quenching method. In potentiodynamic polarization study, the value of corrosion current density, Icorr increased with respect to immersion period. This behaviour signifies the occurrence of porosity where the air cooled samples show lower value of Icorr compared to quenched samples. The increase in Icorr causes the value of polarization resistance, Rp to decrease and corrosion rate to increase. The morphology study conducted revealed the existence of porosity and caused pitting corrosion on quenched samples which proved the samples with quenching method was more corroded as compared to samples with air cooling method.

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World Journal of Engineering, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 11 February 2020

Wahab Effiezal Aswadi Abdul, Wan Zurina Nik Abdul Majid, Iman Harymawan and Dian Agustia

The purchase of non-audit services from incumbent auditors has generated considerable attention. This study aims to examine the relationship between characteristics of non-audit…

1025

Abstract

Purpose

The purchase of non-audit services from incumbent auditors has generated considerable attention. This study aims to examine the relationship between characteristics of non-audit services, namely, the recurrence and types of services, and accruals quality in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzed hand-collected audit and non-audit fees of 1,117 observations from Malaysian firms from 2009 to 2011. This study used descriptive analysis, univariate tests and multivariate regression to investigate the potential effect of non-audit services on accruals quality.

Findings

Non-audit services are associated with lower accruals quality. Recurring and non-recurring non-audit service fees are detrimental to the quality of accruals, as are all types of recurring non-audit services. Only non-recurring audit-related services decrease accruals quality. The results demonstrate that provisions of non-audit services create economic bonding, and thus a threat to auditor independence. Results remain robust with the inclusion of corporate governance and institutional variables.

Research limitations/implications

The sample period might represent a limitation as it only covers three years of data. This limitation is mainly because of the nature of data collection of the non-audit services fees.

Practical implications

The findings could suggest a refinement on the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) by-laws focusing on auditor independence, and it could assist other regulative bodies such as the Securities Commission, the stock exchange (Bursa Malaysia) in ensuring better governance on the provision of non-audit services.

Originality/value

This study is the first that provides evidence on the relationship between non-audit services, types, and recurring and non-recurring non-audit services and accruals quality in Malaysia.

Details

Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 32 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0114-0582

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 24 August 2021

Wan Zurina Nik Abdul Majid, Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab, Hasnah Haron, Dian Agustia and Mohammad Nasih

The study examines the relationship between nonaudit services (NAS) and accruals quality in Malaysia. The study also considers several important characteristics of audit committee…

3163

Abstract

Purpose

The study examines the relationship between nonaudit services (NAS) and accruals quality in Malaysia. The study also considers several important characteristics of audit committee as the determinant for accruals quality. Next, the study examines whether these characteristics mitigate the relationship between NAS and accruals quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs descriptive analysis, univariate tests and multivariate regression to investigate the potential effect of NAS on acruals quality. Data for audit committee characteristics were hand collected from annual reports downloaded from Bursa Malaysia's website.

Findings

Based on 1,118 firm-year observations for the period 2009–2011, the study finds that NAS negatively impact accruals quality. This empirical result indicates that the economic bond that is created between auditors and clients restricts the auditors from performing their duty objectively. A fully independent audit committee weakens the negative relationship between NAS and auditor independence.

Research limitations/implications

The sample period represents a limitation since it only covers three years of data. This limitation is largely driven by the nature of data collection of NAS fees.

Practical implications

These results contribute to Malaysia's policy deliberation to account for the effects of NAS on auditor independence and the oversight role of an audit committee. This study contributes to theoretical perspectives on accruals quality and corporate governance in Malaysia.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research, coupled with institutional data in Malaysia, claims the originality of this research.

Details

Asian Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 7 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2443-4175

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Article
Publication date: 13 January 2020

Wan Masliza Wan Mohammad and Shaista Wasiuzzaman

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on earnings management in Malaysia.

2350

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on earnings management in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on corporate governance is investigated via 1,206 firm-year observations between the fiscal years of 2004 and 2009 of Bursa Malaysia listed firms. Panel data regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship.

Findings

The findings of this study fail to associate the role of audit committee independence as proposed under RMCCG (2007) in curtailing earnings management activities, thus supporting the findings on power distance scores that power granted to the top management may result in less effective independent directors. Nonetheless, in support of the alignment effect theory, family ownership is found to reduce earnings management activities. The findings show that corporate governance is more effective in developing country family firms due to their long history of family reputation and the importance of institutional culture factors.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses on board ethnicity, family ownership and its influence on earnings management.

Originality/value

This study offers insights into the importance of family institutional structures on corporate governance reforms in Malaysia as Malaysian family firms are mostly traditional firms that have built their reputation and strength in the industry for many generations.

Details

Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-1168

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Article
Publication date: 3 April 2020

Ameen Qasem, Norhani Aripin and Wan Nordin Wan-Hussin

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of financial restatements on the sell-side analysts' stock recommendations.

649

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of financial restatements on the sell-side analysts' stock recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample of this study is based on a dataset from a panel of 246 Malaysian public listed companies for the period 2008 to 2013 (651 company-year observations). This study employs feasible generalized least squares regression.

Findings

This study finds a negative and significant relationship between restated companies and sell-side analysts' stock recommendations, which means that sell-side analysts issue less favorable stock recommendations for restated companies.

Practical implications

The findings based on observations from an emerging economy complement the results of the US studies that analysts revise their earnings forecasts or recommendations downwards or drop coverage following financial restatements. The results of this study should be useful to capital market participants in understanding how analysts perceive and evaluate restated companies.

Originality/value

This paper expands the literature on financial restatements consequences in an emerging market which is largely unstudied. Prior research on analyst behavior towards restatements has focused on the consequences of restatements in terms of analyst following and forecast accuracy and dispersion. This study examines if and how the restatements affect the analysts' final output as reflected in the recommendation opinion, an area that has so far received little attention.

Details

International Journal of Managerial Finance, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1743-9132

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Article
Publication date: 21 August 2007

W.B. Wan Nik, M.A. Maleque, F.N. Ani and H.H. Masjuki

The aim of this paper is to investigate hydraulic system performance using vegetable‐based palm oil as hydraulic fluid.

1333

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate hydraulic system performance using vegetable‐based palm oil as hydraulic fluid.

Design/methodology/approach

The hydraulic system performance test at different operating conditions, such as pressure, speed and oil ageing, was performed using a Yuken vane pump test rig. The endurance system performance test was also conducted for 200 and 400 h. The effect of speed on flow slip coefficient in discrete and continuous tests was studied. In discrete testing, pressure of 35 and 200 bar and speed of 750 and 1,439 rpm were used in determining flow slip coefficient. The instantaneous data were recorded in a computer using an analog‐to‐digital data acquisition system with respect to time and the parameters stored were reservoir temperature, return line temperature, suction and delivery pressures, instantaneous flow rate, total flow, total running time and torque. The obtained results were interpolated for future prediction of the system performance.

Findings

The experimental and interpolated results showed that slip coefficient decreases with increasing pump speed. The effect of aging condition on volumetric efficiency showed that the efficiency increases with aging period due to increase in oil viscosity.

Practical implications

This vegetable‐based palm oil could be a potentially useful substitute for mineral‐based energy transport media such as hydraulic fluid.

Originality/value

The investigation of hydraulic system performance using palm oil as hydraulic fluid is scarce in the literature. Therefore, the current study is quite new for the hydraulic system performance and it is hoped that it will provide a high value to researchers for further research before it can be used as hydraulic fluid.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 59 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 20 March 2024

Marziana Madah Marzuki, Wan Zurina Nik Abdul Majid, Hatinah Abu Bakar, Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab and Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi

This paper investigates the relationship between risk management practices and potential fraudulent financial reporting in Malaysia by considering recent regulatory reforms of the…

3963

Abstract

Purpose

This paper investigates the relationship between risk management practices and potential fraudulent financial reporting in Malaysia by considering recent regulatory reforms of the Malaysian government on risk management practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample of this study was based on 257 firm-year observations during the 2012–2017 period. This study employed panel-least square regressions with period fixed effects.

Findings

This study found a significant association between risk management activities in the disclosure and potential fraudulent financial reporting. Nevertheless, this study found there is insignificant effect of the risk-management committee in reducing potential of fraudulent financial reporting.

Originality/value

This study is a pioneer research that relates firms’ risk management practices with potential fraudulent financial reporting measured by F-score. Thus, this study provides an insight to regulators on the extent of risk-management practices in deterring potential fraudulent financial reporting which can be used as an input for greater enforcement of risk-management regulations.

Details

Asian Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2459-9700

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Article
Publication date: 29 November 2023

Ines Kateb and Mouna Youssef

This paper aims to investigate the impact of audit mechanisms on earnings management (EM) practices in listed Saudi Arabian companies. Specifically, it examines the association…

222

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of audit mechanisms on earnings management (EM) practices in listed Saudi Arabian companies. Specifically, it examines the association between audit committee (AC) characteristics, external audit quality and EM before and after the revision of Saudi Regulations on Corporate Governance (SRCGs) in 2017.

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyzes a data set comprising 135 Saudi-listed companies observed from 2013 to 2020. EM practices are measured using the absolute value of discretionary accruals, and external audit quality is assessed by the involvement of BIG 4 auditors. The authors also consider four variables to gauge AC characteristics: independence, size, meeting frequency and expertise. To test the hypotheses, the authors use multivariate regression on panel data.

Findings

The findings provide robust evidence regarding the impact of audit mechanisms on EM practices. The presence of accounting and finance experts within the AC is shown to have a substantial and statistically significant effect in reducing EM practices. Similarly, AC independence demonstrates a negative association with EM after the implementation of the SRCGs 2017. However, the study does not uncover any statistically significant impact of AC size and meeting frequency on EM practices. Moreover, the research highlights a noteworthy positive relationship between EM practices and engagement with BIG 4 audit firms before the SRCGs 2017. However, this relationship ceases to exist following the regulatory amendment.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this research are significant for policymakers and companies operating in Saudi Arabia, as well as for practitioners and auditors working in the region. The findings underscore the importance of high-quality auditing work to prevent EM practices and promote transparent financial reporting. The study recommends increasing the number of independent members and financial experts on the AC, as well as rigorous monitoring of AC size and meetings. It also emphasizes the need for compliance with governance regulations to focus on effective monitoring of the AC rather than mere fulfillment of requirements.

Originality/value

The study enhances the existing literature on the effectiveness of ACs and external audit quality in mitigating EM by providing evidence from a unique and Islamic context that has not been extensively studied before. This can help in validating or challenging the findings of previous studies and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that impact EM in different contexts.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

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