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A new phase of automation has already started in the Federal Republic of Germany: industrial robots are ousting men from dangerous work places.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of MFI-level governance on microfinance institutions' (MFIs’) risk in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

The study uses data from a sample of 151 MFIs operating in 21 SSA countries during 2005–2014. The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression model is applied to investigate the relationship between MFI level governance mechanisms and risk.

The study provides new evidence that board characteristics have differential effects on for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) MFI risk. Board independence reduces credit risk of NFP MFIs. Foreign director presence increases MFI failure risk. Furthermore, greater female director representation reduces (increases) FP (NFP) financial risk whereas female CEOs are associated with higher (lower) FP (NFP) financial risk.

The paper contributes to existing literature on microfinance governance and risk, by exploring the impact of governance on MFI risk based on MFIs profit orientation. In addition, the study uses three different risk measures unlike previous microfinance studies.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the competitive advantage of German renewable energy firms in India and China. Porter's diamond model is modified and specified for the renewable energy industry.

Based on Porter's diamond model of competitiveness, the authors examine the demand for renewable energies in India and China and the ability of German firms to meet this demand.

While the overall demand for renewable energies in India and China is significant, the study reveals remarkable differences in the fields of biomass, solar and wind energy. The findings are meant to address managers in the renewable energy industry and to aid policy makers in environmental support and action.

A major theoretical contribution of the study is the application of Porter's diamond model to the renewable energy industry, as well as the identification and operationalization of the relevant causal and proxy variables.

The paper provides a detailed analysis of the factors on which the competitive advantage of German renewable energy technologies in India and China is based. This helps managers of renewable energy firms to focus on those areas where they have particular strengths and to introduce measures to overcome potential weaknesses.

The authors used a modified version of Porter's diamond model and specified it for the renewable energy industry. The model was tested empirically in Germany and both emerging countries on the basis of secondary data.

Benchmarking is a very important tool to know the gap in your performance and best performance. It is possible to apply benchmarking in a wide variety of area. This paper uses benchmarking for assessing women entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship is a symbol of the balanced growth of the society. Financial inclusion schemes offered by the government are aimed to encourage a large number of women of the country to entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of financial inclusion and others factor like family circumstances, benchmarking, entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intention of women on their decision to take up entrepreneurship as a career choice.

This research study is undertaken to understand the relation of financial inclusion schemes on women entrepreneurship and also to develop a cause–effect relationship. Here, financial inclusion effort is an independent variable, whereas women entrepreneurship is a dependent variable. A sample size of 250 women entrepreneur was taken. The sample was selected on the basis of convenience. Out of the total sample, 125 women belonged to the self-help group and 125 women were registered under the RSETI program of lead banks of Haridwar and Dehradun districts of the Uttarakhand state of India.

The results of the present study indicate that there is a statistically significant impact of financial inclusion on women entrepreneurship. It provides the platform to the women that help them in establishing a new business.

Data for present study were collected from two districts of Uttarakhand. In future, data can be collected from different geographical areas of India for generalizing the findings of the study.

The results of present study indicate that there is a statistically significant impact of financial inclusion on women entrepreneurship. It provides the platform to the women that help them in establishing a new business. For promoting women toward entrepreneurship, the government has launched many schemes.

After the study, the author found that the society will accept the fact that women entrepreneurship is emerging as a dire need for the country.

The author followed all the guidelines that were concerned about the originality of the paper. This paper is not under review of any journal.